diff --git a/02-DECISIONS/0004-a-node-and-how-it-joins.md b/02-DECISIONS/0004-a-node-and-how-it-joins.md
index e5a1b7c..9c010eb 100644
--- a/02-DECISIONS/0004-a-node-and-how-it-joins.md
+++ b/02-DECISIONS/0004-a-node-and-how-it-joins.md
@@ -117,6 +117,51 @@ does not own. **Compromise of a node is compromise of that node** — which the
 does not have, because every node permanently holds the same database and object-store
 credentials, and there is no mechanism that rotates one and informs everything holding it.
 
+### What that identity is: a keypair the node generates
+
+*Written 2026-08-29. This is the same rule as the sentence above, and it had been treated as an
+open question for weeks because of a word.*
+
+**The node generates a keypair. The private half never leaves the machine. The mesh records the
+public half.** Ed25519, the same as the control plane's signing key, in the other direction:
+the mesh proves itself to a node by signing, and a node proves itself to the mesh by signing.
+
+**This was never open.** [`08-connectivity.md`](../03-DESIGN/01-to-be/08-connectivity.md) already
+says it of the overlay keys, in these words: *each node generates its own keypair, the private key
+never leaves the machine, the public key is published to the mesh* — and adds that this **is**
+ADR 0004's *a node holds its own identity*, applied. What was missing was applying it to the thing
+this record is about.
+
+**The word that caused it:** the lifecycle says a joining node *receives* its own durable identity,
+which reads as the mesh issuing something, and then the question becomes *issuing what*. It does
+not issue anything. The node arrives holding its identity; what it receives is **being known**.
+Enrolment is the moment the mesh writes down a public key it will believe, and the one-time secret
+is what buys the right to have it written down.
+
+**Everything above then holds literally.** Nothing is stored that could be stolen and replayed: the
+mesh's copy is a public key, so a copy of the mesh's database grants nothing. *Compromise of a node
+is compromise of that node* becomes true rather than aspirational, because the only secret on a
+machine is the one that identifies it.
+
+### Its own key, not the machine's SSH host key
+
+Reusing the host key is the obvious economy and it is refused, for reasons that are operational
+rather than fastidious:
+
+- **It is regenerated by ordinary events.** A reinstall, an image cloned, `ssh-keygen -A` on a
+  rebuild — each silently un-enrols the node, and the failure appears as an authentication problem
+  with no cause anybody changed.
+- **It is managed by something else.** Its lifecycle belongs to the machine's SSH daemon, and an
+  identity the mesh depends on should not rotate on a schedule the mesh does not know about.
+- **Not every node has one.** A partial host has no SSH daemon
+  ([ADR 0005](0005-the-node-host.md)), and an identity scheme that excludes a supported kind of
+  node is not one.
+
+**The mesh should still know the host key** — it knows every node, so it can distribute host keys
+the same way it distributes authorised keys
+([ADR 0006](0006-the-substrate-and-the-control-plane.md)), and node-to-node SSH stops depending on
+trust-on-first-use. That is the good half of the idea, kept.
+
 **Authority is mutual.** The node proves it may join, and the control plane proves it is the
 mesh. One-way is not enough: the host applies whatever the link delivers, so a node that cannot
 tell the mesh from something impersonating it will apply that something's declarations.
diff --git a/03-DESIGN/01-to-be/09-the-node-lifecycle.md b/03-DESIGN/01-to-be/09-the-node-lifecycle.md
index 047a5e4..3c5a23a 100644
--- a/03-DESIGN/01-to-be/09-the-node-lifecycle.md
+++ b/03-DESIGN/01-to-be/09-the-node-lifecycle.md
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ What happens, in order:
 
 1. the host dials the broker at the address in the token, **over the underlay**;
 2. it checks the broker's certificate against the pinned fingerprint — *before* sending anything;
-3. it presents the one-time secret and receives its **own durable identity**;
+3. it presents the one-time secret **and its own public key**, which the mesh records;
 4. it reports its `profile` and `inventory` upward;
 5. the control plane decides what this machine should be, and sends a declaration;
 6. the host applies it, reads back, and reports.