hq/03-DESIGN/01-to-be/27-a-module-requires-the-mesh-resolves.md

layer, status, code, updated, decisions

layer	status	code	updated	decisions
to-be	proposed		2026-09-25	02-DECISIONS/0112-a-module-definition-names-no-node-mesh-or-path.md 02-DECISIONS/0113-the-vault-makes-every-secret.md 02-DECISIONS/0110-a-seat-is-a-module-assignment-from-a-closed-set.md 02-DECISIONS/0111-a-build-source-is-on-the-git-seat-or-external.md 02-DECISIONS/0084-which-provider-serves-a-consumer.md 02-DECISIONS/0046-a-module-configuration-is-its-assignments-not-its-manifest.md 02-DECISIONS/0038-the-mesh-assigns-the-port.md

27 — A module requires, the mesh resolves

One concept for everything a module needs. A module definition states what it requires. Each requirement has a contract and a kind of provider. Installing the module on a node resolves every requirement, or refuses and says why. Nothing else reaches a module: no path it chose, no setting beside the model, no literal it carries.

This replaces six mechanisms that grew separately: provisions read through bindings, settings, assigned ports, machine facts, minted or accepted secrets, and literals in the definition. Each resolved, validated and failed in its own way (ADR 0112, issue 119).

A requirement

A requirement has three parts:

part	is
name	what the module calls it, unique within the module
contract	the fields the module may read, and what each promises: a type, whether it is secret, and anything the provider must honour
provider kind	which of the four kinds of provider answers it

A contract is shared, not per module. A database's contract is the database's, whoever requires it. The controller holds every contract, one per provision name, declared where the provision is defined in the catalogue. Today contracts are implicit in each provider's served fields; the first phase below makes them explicit, because nothing can be checked against a contract that is not written down. A provider is checked against the contract it claims to answer. A module's own specification may narrow a contract (a password of at least this length, a directory owned by this user) and never widen it.

The four kinds of provider

The set is closed, like the seats. A fifth kind is a decision, because each kind is a place an answer can come from and a reviewer has to know every one.

provider	answers	resolved by	replaces
a module	a database, a bucket, a vhost, a route, a secret	the rule below	provisions and bindings
the node's host	a directory, a port, a fact about the machine	always the module's own node	resource paths, assigned ports, machine placeholders, facts
the mesh	the module's identity and names, and the delivery of every answer	the controller	derived logins and generated names; the controller's delivery
the operator	a value a person chooses	the assignment, else the requirement's default	settings, carried literals

A module provider

Which module answers, in order:

1. a pin: the assignment names a provider, because this consumer is coupled to that provider's contents (ADR 0084);
2. the holder of a seat that delivers the provision, where one does. Co-location does not apply to these: the seat is the mesh's one answer for everyone (ADR 0110, 26 — The seats);
3. for a provision no seat delivers, the provider on the consumer's own node;
4. for a provision no seat delivers, the only provider in the mesh;
5. otherwise refused: naming the unheld seat, for a provision a seat delivers, even when exactly one provider exists; naming the candidates otherwise.

Secrets: provisioning all the way down

Two kinds of secret, one rule each (ADR 0113):

• a shared secret, a value more than one party must hold (a password, a token, an API key), is made by the vault, and by nothing else;
• a private key, such as a node's sealing key, the operator's key or the mesh's certificate authority, is made where it is used and never leaves. A private key anyone else held would no longer be private.

Every shared secret is a secret requirement, and only the vault provides secret. The vault holds the mesh-vault seat, and that provision is reserved to it: no other module may provide it, and no pin can choose another provider (26 — The seats).

A provider that needs a secret for a consumer requires one, like any consumer. A provision's contract declares it: for each consumer, one secret. Resolution expands that into one requirement per consumer, named for that consumer:

1. gitea requires postgres-database;
2. the database provider, to serve gitea, requires a secret named for gitea;
3. the vault makes it and hands it to the mesh;
4. the mesh delivers it to both of its recipients, each sealed to its own node: the database's machine, which applies it by creating the login, and gitea's, which presents it;
5. the database provider creates the login, exactly as it does today, and gitea connects.

Every other shared secret takes the same path:

• a module's own secret;
• every broker account's password on the mesh's bus, where the broker's own provisioner creates the account;
• an enrolment token, which the operator receives and the controller can only verify;
• a secret operator value, which the operator delivers to the vault;
• a secret a backend issues itself, such as a forge's API token, which the module that received it delivers to the vault.

Parties that are not modules take the same path too. The controller's own store login and bus account, and each node agent's bus account, have no definition to require them, because the controller and a node agent are the mesh itself. The controller asks the vault on its own behalf or a node's, and the answer is made, sealed and carried exactly as for a module.

A provider makes resources and data. Beyond secrets, a provider's adapter may answer with its contract's non-secret fields: an analytics site id, a registered public name. The mesh carries them back to the consumer as resolved values.

The node's host

The host answers what only a machine can: where a directory is, which port is free, what the machine is. It is always the module's own node, because none of these means anything elsewhere.

A directory. The contract is an owner and a mode, and the owner the image expects where it has one. There is no persistence flag. A directory is kept while it holds anything, and data that may be lost is a named volume, not a directory (ADR 0030, ADR 0107).

Where a directory is on the machine is the assignment's:

• a node's default layout, a root per node with one directory per assignment beneath it, used when the assignment says nothing;
• a placement, where the assignment puts one directory elsewhere: on a second disk, or where an adopted machine's data already is (ADR 0100).

An operator's shared data is an access, as before (ADR 0051): never created, owned or removed by the mesh. The module requires read or read-write access. Where the data is, is an operator value on the assignment.

A port is what ADR 0038 already decided: the module says which port its software uses, and the host answers with where the machine put it.

A fact is something the machine knows: its name on the private network, the names of the mesh's machines. Each fact has a contract like anything else.

The mesh

The mesh answers who the module is: its login, its broker account, the names it is known by. These are derived by the mesh so every party agrees by construction, and no provider may make them (ADR 0049).

The operator

A value a person chooses: a public name for an endpoint, a greeting, how many workers to run.

It must stay cheap. An operator requirement's contract is a type and, optionally, a default. It needs no provider module, no grant and no credential. If asking a person for a value took more than that, module authors would route around it, and the literals this replaces would come back.

A secret operator value, such as an external API key, follows the one rule for secrets: the vault provides it. The operator hands the value to the vault, once (ADR 0092), and the module requires a secret like any other. The only difference is that rotation never replaces it: the vault cannot make a new external key, so rotating one means an operator handing over a new value.

An endpoint is an operator value inside a route requirement: the public name is chosen on the assignment, and the route provider answers. A public name already held by another assignment is refused, like any other singular thing.

How a definition reads what was resolved

One form, naming a requirement and a field of its contract. A definition that needs the database's host in an environment variable, the directory's location on the host side of a mount, or the public name in a configuration file writes the same thing: the requirement's name and the field. The controller fills it at resolution.

This one form replaces the placeholders that exist today, one per mechanism: bound values, secrets, ports and machine facts.

The seat placeholder stays, for the controller alone. The controller composes its own declaration and reaches the store and broker it made before any module existed, so it cannot be their consumer. One module reads the placeholder today: the store module, to find its own server's port. That is its own port, so it becomes a host port requirement in phase 3, and after that no module uses the seat placeholder.

A secret field reaches a process as a file, as ADR 0086 decided. The one exception 0086 allows is a declared env-file with its reason; a secret field as a value in a container's environment is refused when the definition is parsed, with no exception.

An assignment

A module is assigned at most once to a node, and that pair is the assignment's identity (ADR 0112). Its directories, containers, login, broker account and settings are keyed by it, as today, and a login still fits the tightest backend (ADR 0049).

A module may run on many nodes, and one assignment may hold a seat (ADR 0110). The definition says which seats the module can hold; the assignment says which it does. So the store module can run on every node, one of those assignments holds mesh-store, and moving that role changes an assignment, not a definition.

What must stay singular stays so: by a seat, or by an operator value colliding, as with a public name.

Genesis

Genesis delivers, and the vault adopts. The vault cannot run first: it is built on the shared runtime base, which the installation makes only after the store, the broker and the controller exist (21 — The installation in full), and it learns what to answer from the controller over the bus. So the vault is installed as soon as that base exists, before any other module built on it, and genesis generates what is needed until then:

• the store's superuser, and the broker's admin in the hashed form the broker needs;
• the bus accounts of the temporary and permanent controller, the control-node's agent, the builder, the broker's own provisioner and the vault;
• the controller's store login, and the first enrolment token.

Until the broker's provisioner runs, genesis creates those bus accounts with the broker's admin, as the controller does today; the provisioner adopts them when it starts. Genesis seals everything to the operator key as today (ADR 0085), and when the vault is installed it delivers the values to it, recorded as the mesh's own. That distinction keeps them rotatable: an operator's value is never replaced, and these are, because the vault can make their replacements.

That is the one time anything but the vault generates a shared secret, and it ends by handing them over. It is also the answer to the objection ADR 0085 had to the vault being the only maker: the vault cannot make what exists before it, so what exists before it is delivered to it.

Rotation

Rotating a secret is asked of the vault, by an operator or by the vault's own policy, such as a maximum age in the secret's contract (ADR 0113). An operator's external key is not rotated by the vault, which cannot make its replacement: an operator delivers a new one.

A secret's contract says how each recipient takes a new value. A recipient either applies it, through a provisioner (a provider creating the login, the broker's provisioner updating an account, the store's own provisioner changing its superuser), or reads it at start. A secret a service reads only when it first initialises is marked applied, because a restart would change nothing.

1. The vault makes the new value.
2. It goes first to the recipients that apply it. Each applies it, verifies that the new value authenticates and the old one no longer does, and confirms. It repeats that confirmation on every reconcile pass until the vault acknowledges it, so a lost message costs one pass.
3. Only then is it released to the recipients that read it at start, such as gitea.
4. The host restarts every such recipient, and recreates a container whose env-file carries the secret. It knows which, because a definition reads a secret only through its requirement, so no definition declares a restart for a secret. An applying recipient is never restarted for it. This needs issue 103 fixed, or a container fed by an env-file keeps the old value.
5. It is confirmed. The rotation shows as unconfirmed until every applier has confirmed, and every recipient that reads at start has restarted and passed its health check, where its definition declares one. Delivered and working are shown as different things.

Open: keeping readers from being locked out. Steps 2 and 3 leave a reader locked out when its machine is offline after an applier applied, when the secret is a bus account whose owner loses the bus it would hear the new value on, or when a restarted provisioner can no longer check the old value. ADR 0113 records the two answers, overlapping old and new credentials or re-confirming with safeguards, and one is chosen before it is accepted. Neither changes a consumer module.

A secret some service reads only when it first initialises cannot be rotated by restarting it. It is applied by a provisioner, or, where none exists, marked not rotatable by the mesh, and a rotation is refused rather than reported done.

Refusing

Installation refuses when any requirement is unresolved, and says everything at once. For each requirement it names what is missing and what would answer it:

• an unheld seat, and which modules could hold it;
• no provider, and which modules could provide it;
• an operator value with no default, and that the assignment must give it;
• a provider, or the vault, that has not answered yet, and which one.

The last one is a state, not a failure. A consumer waiting for its provider or for the vault is shown as waiting, and nothing is delivered until the answer arrives.

What this retires

mechanism	becomes
provisions read through bindings	a module requirement; its answer is the contract's fields
settings on an assignment (ADR 0046)	operator requirements on an assignment
a port the mesh assigns	a host requirement
machine facts and machine placeholders	host requirements
every secret the controller mints: provider credentials, own secrets, broker passwords, enrolment tokens	a secret the vault makes (ADR 0113)
root secrets genesis mints and keeps apart	made by genesis once, then delivered to the vault, which holds and rotates them
a separate command issuing a broker account	a requirement resolved on assignment
restart-on naming a secret's file	a restart the host derives
paths in resources, mounts, bindings, secrets and received files	host directory requirements, placed by the assignment
literals carried in a definition	operator requirements with defaults

Each is retired only once nothing uses it. Until then both are accepted, and a catalogue test lists the definitions still using the old form. That list shrinks to empty, and then the old form is removed from the parser.

Phases

Each phase ends at a check that holds, so none of them leaves a mechanism half-replaced.

1. Contracts, resolution and the new form. Every provision's contract is written down and held by the controller. The controller resolves requirements from the four providers, refuses as above, and fills the one form. Old mechanisms keep working beside it. Ends when a definition written entirely in the new form installs on a lab machine.
2. The vault makes every shared secret, and providers answer. The vault holds its seat and its reserved provision; resolution expands per-consumer secret requirements; genesis delivers the foundation's first secrets to the vault; the broker's provisioner creates every bus account; the mesh carries providers' data back. Issue 103 is fixed first. Ends when nothing outside the vault generates a shared secret after genesis, a lab consumer of analytics receives its site id, and a database credential rotates applier-first, with the consumer restarted by derivation and the rotation confirmed.
3. Definitions move, and seats move to assignments. Every catalogue definition is rewritten, adopted and running assignments placed where their data already is, and each claim becomes a seat the module can hold, held by the assignment that holds it today. Ends when the list of definitions using an old form is empty, the old forms are removed, and the store module runs on two lab machines with one holding mesh-store.

How it is checked

Rule	Checked by
Every requirement has one of the four provider kinds	The parser refuses any other.
A definition names no host path, node or mesh	The catalogue tests of ADR 0112.
A module provider is chosen by pin, seat, co-location, only one, refusal	Resolution tests for each step; for a second provider on a consumer's own machine when a seat delivers the provision; and for an unheld seat with exactly one provider, refused.
A provider answers within its contract	A controller test: an answer carrying a field its contract does not name, or missing one it does, is refused and not delivered.
A module narrows a contract and never widens it	The parser refuses a module specification that loosens a contract's field.
A host requirement is answered on its own node	A resolution test placing one elsewhere: refused.
An operator value needs no provider module	A resolution test: a requirement with a default resolves with no module assigned anywhere.
A secret field reaches a process as a file	The parser refuses a secret field as a container environment value, and accepts it in a file or a declared env-file with its reason.
A public name already held is refused	A resolution test: a second assignment asking for a public name another holds is refused, naming the holder.
A module is assigned at most once to a node	A resolution test: assigning a module to a node that already runs it is refused.
A seat is held by an assignment, not a module	A resolution test: the store module on two nodes, one holding mesh-store; a second assignment asking to hold it is refused.
A consumer waits for its provider	A resolution test with a provider that has not answered: shown as waiting, and nothing delivered.
Only the vault generates a shared secret after genesis	A controller test: no code path generates one. An installer test: genesis generates exactly the foundation's first secrets and delivers them to the vault.
Only the vault provides secret	The parser refuses another provider of it, and resolution refuses a pin on a secret requirement.
A provider's per-consumer secret comes from the vault	A resolution test: requiring a database expands to a secret requirement named for the consumer, answered by the vault and delivered to both recipients.
Rotation is applier-first, derived and confirmed	The rotation tests of ADR 0113: readers wait for every applier's repeated confirmation; an applied secret restarts nothing, and one read at start restarts its reader without a declared restart; the rotation shows unconfirmed until the new value authenticates, the old does not, and readers are healthy.
Refusal names everything at once	A resolution test with three unresolved requirements of different kinds: one refusal naming all three.
The old forms retire	The catalogue test listing definitions still using one. It must be empty before a form is removed.

Not settled here

• The exact spelling of the one form. It must name a requirement and a field and nothing else.
• The layout a node's default root uses beneath it, beyond one directory per assignment.
• Whether a module provider's answer can change without the provider being asked, for example a provider moving. The rule so far is that it cannot, and moving is re-resolving.
• How rotation keeps a recipient from being locked out. Under review: see ADR 0113, rotation.