diff --git a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/claim_test.go b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/claim_test.go
index 1675331e..cb3ee606 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/claim_test.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/claim_test.go
@@ -344,6 +344,40 @@ func TestDecideSendRecordsQueuedDirectlyAndPublishes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// 1196/AC2 (review round 2): a store that changes the revision between the claim and the refusal's own
+// write — another writer's decision landing in between — never emits mail.send.failed for a write that did
+// not actually land (refuse() does not retry: that is recordOutcome's own job, send.go, review round 2).
+func TestClaimQueuedSendRefuseEmitsNothingWhenTheWriteDidNotLand(t *testing.T) {
+	sends, router := newMemSends(), newSendRouter()
+	req := rawQueuedSend(t, sends)
+	w := warrantFor(req, judgedAt.Add(time.Minute))
+	w.AskDigest = "sha256:" + strings.Repeat("0", 64) // mismatched: claimQueuedSend refuses it
+	router.close(w)
+	racy := &raceOnFirstUpdate{SendStore: sends, race: func() {
+		r, rv, ok, err := getSend(sends, req.ID)
+		if err != nil || !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("racing write could not read the send: %v %v", err, ok)
+		}
+		if _, _, err := settleSend(sends, r, rv, SendDecision{At: judgedAt, Outcome: "not proven", Attempt: 1}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("racing write: %v", err)
+		}
+	}}
+	emit := &memEmit{}
+
+	_, d, _, outcome, _ := claimQueuedSend(racy, router.Record, emit.emit, req.ID, judgedAt.Add(3*time.Minute))
+	if outcome != claimRefused {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome: %v, want claimRefused", outcome)
+	}
+	if len(emit.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("emitted mail.send.failed despite the refusal's own write not landing: %+v", emit.calls)
+	}
+	// The kept record is the racing write's own decision, not this call's: refuse() never retries.
+	kept, _, ok, kerr := getSend(sends, req.ID)
+	if kerr != nil || !ok || kept.Decided == nil || kept.Decided.Outcome != "not proven" {
+		t.Fatalf("kept: %v %v %+v (returned %+v)", kerr, ok, kept.Decided, d)
+	}
+}
+
 // raceOnFirstUpdate performs one competing write the first time Update is called — simulating another
 // delivery's claim landing first — so the caller's own compare-and-set loses with stdio.ErrChanged
 // (novox/hq issue 1196, AC4).
diff --git a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go
index f58168d5..f4358bec 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go
@@ -231,3 +231,78 @@ func TestRecordOutcomeOnRefusedDoesNotTerminateOrEmitWhenTheWriteCannotBeKept(t
 		t.Fatalf("emitted mail.send.failed despite the write never being kept: %+v", emit.calls)
 	}
 }
+
+// 1198/AC1 (review round 2): a store that changes the revision between the claim and the outcome — another
+// writer's decision landing in between — is retried once with the fresh revision; recordOutcome's own
+// decision, once it does land, is what is kept, acked and emitted, never the other writer's state read
+// back with a nil error mistaken for success.
+func TestRecordOutcomeRetriesOnceWhenTheRevisionChangedBetweenClaimAndOutcome(t *testing.T) {
+	req, claimed, rev, sends := outcomeTestClaim(t, 1)
+	racy := &raceOnFirstUpdate{SendStore: sends, race: func() {
+		// A different delivery's own claim lands first, bumping the revision without ever finishing this
+		// call's own write — settleSend (via updateDecision) answers that with revision 0 and a nil error.
+		r, rv, ok, err := getSend(sends, req.ID)
+		if err != nil || !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("racing write could not read the send: %v %v", err, ok)
+		}
+		if _, _, err := settleSend(sends, r, rv, SendDecision{At: judgedAt, Outcome: "sending", Attempt: 2}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("racing write: %v", err)
+		}
+	}}
+	emit := &memEmit{}
+
+	d, action, _, err := recordOutcome(racy, emit.emit, req, claimed, rev, nil, judgedAt.Add(2*time.Minute))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("recordOutcome: %v", err)
+	}
+	if d.Outcome != "sent" || action != actionAck {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome %+v, action %v, want sent/actionAck once retried with the fresh revision", d, action)
+	}
+	if len(emit.calls) != 1 || emit.calls[0].eventType != MailSendSent || emit.calls[0].body.Outcome != "sent" {
+		t.Fatalf("emitted: %+v", emit.calls)
+	}
+	kept, _, ok, kerr := getSend(sends, req.ID)
+	if kerr != nil || !ok || kept.Decided == nil || kept.Decided.Outcome != "sent" {
+		t.Fatalf("the kept record is not this call's own decision: %v %v %+v", kerr, ok, kept.Decided)
+	}
+}
+
+// Same finding: when the race repeats on the retry too (a second writer keeps landing first), recordOutcome
+// gives up rather than looping or mistaking the other writer's state for its own — actionLeave, nothing
+// emitted, the error reported.
+func TestRecordOutcomeGivesUpWhenTheRevisionKeepsChanging(t *testing.T) {
+	req, claimed, rev, sends := outcomeTestClaim(t, 1)
+	always := &raceEveryUpdate{SendStore: sends, race: func() {
+		r, rv, ok, err := getSend(sends, req.ID)
+		if err != nil || !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("racing write could not read the send: %v %v", err, ok)
+		}
+		if _, _, err := settleSend(sends, r, rv, SendDecision{At: judgedAt, Outcome: "sending", Attempt: r.Decided.Attempt + 1}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("racing write: %v", err)
+		}
+	}}
+	emit := &memEmit{}
+
+	_, action, _, err := recordOutcome(always, emit.emit, req, claimed, rev, nil, judgedAt.Add(2*time.Minute))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a persistently changing revision was not reported")
+	}
+	if action != actionLeave {
+		t.Fatalf("action: %v, want actionLeave", action)
+	}
+	if len(emit.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("emitted despite never keeping its own write: %+v", emit.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+// raceEveryUpdate performs the competing write before every Update call, not only the first — simulating a
+// revision that keeps changing out from under every retry (novox/hq review round 2, issue 1198).
+type raceEveryUpdate struct {
+	SendStore
+	race func()
+}
+
+func (r *raceEveryUpdate) Update(key string, value any, revision uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	r.race()
+	return r.SendStore.Update(key, value, revision)
+}
diff --git a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go
index 04fab74c..42319036 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go
@@ -759,11 +759,13 @@ func claimQueuedSend(store SendStore, record RouterRecord, emit Emit, id string,
 		// crash between this and the write below must still leave it findable once refused does land;
 		// tellSend itself tolerates finding it still sending, queued or retrying in the meantime.
 		indexErr := addTellPending(store, req.ID)
-		d, _, err := settleSend(store, req, rev, SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "refused: " + reason})
-		_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
-		if err != nil {
+		d, newRev, err := settleSend(store, req, rev, SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "refused: " + reason})
+		if newRev == 0 {
+			// The write did not land (another writer's decision already stands, or it failed outright):
+			// nothing of this call's own making to emit (novox/hq review round 2, issue 1198).
 			return req, d, 0, claimRefused, errOr(indexErr, err)
 		}
+		_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
 		// Only once refused is durably recorded is the sender-pending index's entry dropped.
 		if rmErr := removeSenderPending(store, req.ID); rmErr != nil {
 			indexErr = errOr(indexErr, fmt.Errorf("dropping %s from the sender-pending index: %w", req.ID, rmErr))
@@ -775,11 +777,13 @@ func claimQueuedSend(store SendStore, record RouterRecord, emit Emit, id string,
 		// A previous delivery may have handed it to the server already; never sent twice, and never
 		// retried automatically either way (ADR 0436 clause 10). Same ordering as refuse() above.
 		indexErr := addTellPending(store, req.ID)
-		d, _, err := settleSend(store, req, rev, SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "not proven", Attempt: req.Decided.Attempt})
-		_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
-		if err != nil {
+		d, newRev, err := settleSend(store, req, rev, SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "not proven", Attempt: req.Decided.Attempt})
+		if newRev == 0 {
+			// The write did not land: nothing of this call's own making to emit (novox/hq review round 2,
+			// issue 1198).
 			return req, d, 0, claimNotProven, errOr(indexErr, err)
 		}
+		_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
 		if rmErr := removeSenderPending(store, req.ID); rmErr != nil {
 			indexErr = errOr(indexErr, fmt.Errorf("dropping %s from the sender-pending index: %w", req.ID, rmErr))
 		}
@@ -887,7 +891,12 @@ func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDeci
 	// fresh one) before giving up: kept is false only when the record's own write could not be kept even
 	// after that retry, in which case the caller emits nothing and leaves the message to the bus entirely —
 	// never announcing an outcome (sent, failed, retrying) that was not actually recorded (novox/hq review
-	// round 1 finding 5).
+	// round 1 finding 5). "Kept" is decided from settleSend's own returned revision, never from its error
+	// alone: on a changed revision whose record already carries another writer's decision, settleSend
+	// (through updateDecision) returns that other decision with revision 0 and a nil error — a nil error
+	// is not success here, and without checking the revision the retry never ran at all, so the caller
+	// could emit an outcome (and ack) while the record actually held someone else's state (novox/hq review
+	// round 2, issue 1198).
 	write := func(d SendDecision, final, tellWorthy bool) (result SendDecision, kept bool, outErr error) {
 		var indexErr error
 		if tellWorthy {
@@ -897,11 +906,18 @@ func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDeci
 			indexErr = addTellPending(store, req.ID)
 		}
 		curReq, curRev := req, rev
+		var newRev uint64
 		var writeErr error
 		for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
-			result, _, writeErr = settleSend(store, curReq, curRev, d)
-			if writeErr == nil || !errors.Is(writeErr, stdio.ErrChanged) {
-				break
+			result, newRev, writeErr = settleSend(store, curReq, curRev, d)
+			if newRev != 0 {
+				break // this write landed
+			}
+			if attempt == 1 {
+				break // retried once already; give up
+			}
+			if writeErr != nil && !errors.Is(writeErr, stdio.ErrChanged) {
+				break // a hard failure, not a revision race: retrying blindly would not help
 			}
 			fresh, freshRev, ok, rerr := getSend(store, req.ID)
 			if rerr != nil || !ok {
@@ -909,8 +925,12 @@ func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDeci
 			}
 			curReq, curRev = fresh, freshRev
 		}
-		if writeErr != nil {
-			return d, false, errOr(indexErr, fmt.Errorf("the send %s's outcome could not be kept, even retried on a changed revision (%w)", req.ID, writeErr))
+		if newRev == 0 {
+			reportErr := writeErr
+			if reportErr == nil {
+				reportErr = fmt.Errorf("the send %s's outcome could not be kept: another writer's decision already stands, even retried on its fresh revision", req.ID)
+			}
+			return d, false, errOr(indexErr, reportErr)
 		}
 		if final {
 			// Only once the outcome is durably recorded is the sender-pending index's entry dropped: from