diff --git a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go
index 367d4dca..f58168d5 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/outcome_test.go
@@ -186,3 +186,48 @@ func TestRecordOutcomeStillRecordsFailedWhenTheTellsPendingIndexCannotBeWritten(
 		t.Fatalf("emitted %d time(s) despite the index failing", len(emit.calls))
 	}
 }
+
+// review round 1 finding 5: if writing "sent" cannot be kept (even retried on a changed revision), the
+// message is never acknowledged and mail.send.sent is never emitted — a mail actually sent is never
+// silently announced successful when the record never actually carried it.
+func TestRecordOutcomeOnSentDoesNotAckOrEmitWhenTheWriteCannotBeKept(t *testing.T) {
+	req, claimed, rev, sends := outcomeTestClaim(t, 1)
+	sends.failKey, sends.failErr = req.ID, errors.New("the store is down")
+	emit := &memEmit{}
+
+	d, action, _, err := recordOutcome(sends, emit.emit, req, claimed, rev, nil, judgedAt.Add(2*time.Minute))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("the write failure was not reported")
+	}
+	if action != actionLeave {
+		t.Fatalf("action: %v, want actionLeave (left to the bus, never acked)", action)
+	}
+	if len(emit.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("emitted mail.send.sent despite the write never being kept: %+v", emit.calls)
+	}
+	// The kept record is unaffected: still "sending", as claimQueuedSend originally left it.
+	kept, _, ok, kerr := getSend(sends, req.ID)
+	if kerr != nil || !ok || kept.Decided == nil || kept.Decided.Outcome != "sending" {
+		t.Fatalf("the record changed despite the write failing: %v %v %+v (returned %+v)", kerr, ok, kept.Decided, d)
+	}
+}
+
+// Same finding, for a failed outcome (refused): the message is left to the bus, never terminated, and
+// mail.send.failed is never emitted, when the write itself cannot be kept.
+func TestRecordOutcomeOnRefusedDoesNotTerminateOrEmitWhenTheWriteCannotBeKept(t *testing.T) {
+	req, claimed, rev, sends := outcomeTestClaim(t, 1)
+	sends.failKey, sends.failErr = req.ID, errors.New("the store is down")
+	emit := &memEmit{}
+
+	_, action, _, err := recordOutcome(sends, emit.emit, req, claimed, rev, &SendError{Outcome: Refused, Err: errors.New("550 no such mailbox")},
+		judgedAt.Add(2*time.Minute))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("the write failure was not reported")
+	}
+	if action != actionLeave {
+		t.Fatalf("action: %v, want actionLeave", action)
+	}
+	if len(emit.calls) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("emitted mail.send.failed despite the write never being kept: %+v", emit.calls)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go
index 61b8815a..39a9d7b2 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/send.go
@@ -893,13 +893,18 @@ const MostAttempts = 5
 // recordOutcome has written the decision: Ack (sent), NakWithDelay (retrying, not the last attempt yet) or
 // Term (failed, or not proven — the bus is never asked to redeliver those; a dead letter past the fifth
 // attempt is still reached by Term, since clause 10 records failed itself rather than waiting for the bus's
-// own max-deliveries to notice).
+// own max-deliveries to notice). actionLeave is none of these: the record's own write could not be kept
+// (even after a retry on a changed revision), so nothing is emitted and the message is left entirely to
+// the bus — a later redelivery finds the record still at its previous outcome and reconciles from there,
+// never a send silently announced sent, failed or retrying when it was not actually kept that way (novox/hq
+// review round 1 finding 5).
 type msgAction int
 
 const (
 	actionAck msgAction = iota
 	actionRetry
 	actionTerm
+	actionLeave
 )
 
 // recordOutcome writes the final decision for one claimed send once SendMail has run (or could not even be
@@ -908,7 +913,12 @@ const (
 // with the message next. Attempt (req's own, from the claim) decides retrying from failed on a not-taken
 // failure: the fifth attempt always fails rather than retries again (novox/hq ADR 0436 clauses 10, 11).
 func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDecision, rev uint64, sendErr error, now time.Time) (SendDecision, msgAction, time.Duration, error) {
-	write := func(d SendDecision, final, tellWorthy bool) (SendDecision, error) {
+	// write keeps d, retrying once on a changed revision (re-reading the send and trying again with its
+	// fresh one) before giving up: kept is false only when the record's own write could not be kept even
+	// after that retry, in which case the caller emits nothing and leaves the message to the bus entirely —
+	// never announcing an outcome (sent, failed, retrying) that was not actually recorded (novox/hq review
+	// round 1 finding 5).
+	write := func(d SendDecision, final, tellWorthy bool) (result SendDecision, kept bool, outErr error) {
 		var indexErr error
 		if tellWorthy {
 			// Indexed for a tell BEFORE the record carries the outcome that owes it (novox/hq review round
@@ -916,11 +926,21 @@ func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDeci
 			// outcome does land; tellSend itself tolerates finding it still sending, queued or retrying.
 			indexErr = addTellPending(store, req.ID)
 		}
-		result, _, err := settleSend(store, req, rev, d)
-		if err != nil {
-			// The attempt (and its SMTP outcome) stand either way; the caller logs this. A redelivery (or the
-			// sweep, for a send stuck mid-write) finds whatever the real kept state is and reconciles.
-			return d, errOr(indexErr, err)
+		curReq, curRev := req, rev
+		var writeErr error
+		for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
+			result, _, writeErr = settleSend(store, curReq, curRev, d)
+			if writeErr == nil || !errors.Is(writeErr, stdio.ErrChanged) {
+				break
+			}
+			fresh, freshRev, ok, rerr := getSend(store, req.ID)
+			if rerr != nil || !ok {
+				break
+			}
+			curReq, curRev = fresh, freshRev
+		}
+		if writeErr != nil {
+			return d, false, errOr(indexErr, fmt.Errorf("the send %s's outcome could not be kept, even retried on a changed revision (%w)", req.ID, writeErr))
 		}
 		if final {
 			// Only once the outcome is durably recorded is the sender-pending index's entry dropped: from
@@ -929,10 +949,13 @@ func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDeci
 				indexErr = errOr(indexErr, fmt.Errorf("dropping %s from the sender-pending index: %w", req.ID, rmErr))
 			}
 		}
-		return result, indexErr
+		return result, true, indexErr
 	}
 	if sendErr == nil {
-		d, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "sent", Warrant: claimed.Warrant, Attempt: claimed.Attempt}, true, false)
+		d, kept, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "sent", Warrant: claimed.Warrant, Attempt: claimed.Attempt}, true, false)
+		if !kept {
+			return d, actionLeave, 0, err
+		}
 		_ = emit(MailSendSent, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
 		return d, actionAck, 0, err
 	}
@@ -945,25 +968,37 @@ func recordOutcome(store SendStore, emit Emit, req SendRequest, claimed SendDeci
 	}
 	switch se.Outcome {
 	case Refused:
-		d, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "failed: " + se.Err.Error(), Warrant: claimed.Warrant,
+		d, kept, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "failed: " + se.Err.Error(), Warrant: claimed.Warrant,
 			Attempt: claimed.Attempt, Error: se.Err.Error()}, true, true)
+		if !kept {
+			return d, actionLeave, 0, err
+		}
 		_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
 		return d, actionTerm, 0, err
 	case NotProven:
-		d, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "not proven", Warrant: claimed.Warrant, Attempt: claimed.Attempt,
+		d, kept, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "not proven", Warrant: claimed.Warrant, Attempt: claimed.Attempt,
 			Error: se.Err.Error()}, true, true)
+		if !kept {
+			return d, actionLeave, 0, err
+		}
 		_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
 		return d, actionTerm, 0, err
 	default: // NotTaken
 		if claimed.Attempt >= MostAttempts {
-			d, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "failed: " + se.Err.Error(), Warrant: claimed.Warrant,
+			d, kept, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "failed: " + se.Err.Error(), Warrant: claimed.Warrant,
 				Attempt: claimed.Attempt, Error: se.Err.Error()}, true, true)
+			if !kept {
+				return d, actionLeave, 0, err
+			}
 			_ = emit(MailSendFailed, req.ID, OutcomeEvent{Send: req.ID, Account: req.Account, Outcome: d.Outcome})
 			return d, actionTerm, 0, err
 		}
 		delay := RetryDelays[claimed.Attempt-1]
-		d, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "retrying", Warrant: claimed.Warrant, Attempt: claimed.Attempt,
+		d, kept, err := write(SendDecision{At: now, Outcome: "retrying", Warrant: claimed.Warrant, Attempt: claimed.Attempt,
 			Error: se.Err.Error(), NextAttempt: now.Add(delay)}, false, false)
+		if !kept {
+			return d, actionLeave, 0, err
+		}
 		return d, actionRetry, delay, err // not a final outcome: no emit (clause 11 names only sent and failed)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/sender.go b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/sender.go
index 7f376d67..df9880c7 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/sender.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-mail/cmd/mesh-mail/sender.go
@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@ func (h *senderHandler) handle(msg *process.Message) {
 		if err := msg.Term(); err != nil {
 			h.logf("[mesh-mail] send: terminating %s: %v", q.Send, err)
 		}
+	case actionLeave:
+		// The outcome's own write could not be kept, even retried on a changed revision (novox/hq review
+		// round 1 finding 5): nothing was emitted above, and nothing is done to the message either — left
+		// entirely to the bus, so a later redelivery finds the record still at its previous outcome.
 	}
 }