# mesh-build-image — the image build module Design 47, release R4c-9 (novox/hq ADR 0487, ADR 0466 §1, ADR 0469; issue 1703). The module that builds a module's `image` artifact from the Dockerfile in the module's own directory, on a build machine, as an account of its own (`runs-as`, no login shell, home at mode 0700). It serves every module's image, whatever the base, so it is not a build module for one module. It claims no seat: it is assigned to the build machines and runs dark until the builder uses it. ## Rootless The tool is `buildah`, which the `buildah` module installs and provides as `rootless-image-build` with the machine's reach: a machine without it refuses this module at assignment, naming `buildah`. The build runs as the module's own account in a user namespace (`--isolation oci`), with buildah's image store and runtime state in `/var/lib/mesh-build-image-store` (outside the home), no mount of the host, no container runtime socket, no registry credential and an environment built from scratch. The account's subordinate user and group ranges are not declared anywhere: the node-engine makes every `user` account with `useradd`, which allocates them. The module's health reads `/etc/subuid` and `/etc/subgid` and is unhealthy when the module cannot run: without a range for the account, without buildah, when a user namespace cannot be made, or when the disk is under its floor. A node where `/dev/net/tun` cannot be opened stays **healthy** and is **not eligible** (buildah makes a RUN line's network with pasta, which needs the tun driver; on 2026-10-28 a build node had the device node and no driver, so every image build there failed with "Failed to open() /dev/net/tun: No such device"): the seat's puller judges by a capacity of 0 with that reason (`capacity.`, which `build_usage` shows), so the asks go to a node that can build them, and its health says "not eligible" with the cause, so a node that cannot build here now never holds the module's delivery for every node. The kernel module loads `tun` at boot; a look that passes again wakes the puller. The Dockerfile's steps may use the network (ADR 0487 §6); nothing a step can read holds a key. ## Steps - `build_image_fetch` fetches a commit over SSH into a workspace (a base commit makes the merge preview, as the other build modules' fetch). Long: answers a step id and ends on its key in `steps`. - `build_image_build` builds one image artifact: `buildah bud` with the Dockerfile `from` names (in the module's directory or a subdirectory of it) as file and the module's own directory as context, so a COPY names paths from the module's root (issue 1703), `--target`, and the images `build.on` pins as `--build-arg`. Answers the image's digest. With `publish: true` (a merged trunk commit only) the module's own process then writes it as an OCI layout in the workspace and publishes it through the seat `container-image-registry` (`publish`, `publish-part`, which the manifest `invokes`; design 51 *Publishing*) as `/` at the ask's `version` (and a `tag` only when the call gives one): its config, layers and manifest by digest, of which only the parts the holder lacks travel. The key carries the layout's manifest digest and the seat's reference `container-image-registry//@sha256:`; a publish the holder does not take fails `not stored:`. Without `publish` (a pull request) nothing is published. An image the builder had not numbered yet is published by its digest alone; the module consumes the builder's `version.numbered` and publishes that held digest under its version, sending nothing (`latepublish.go`, ADR 0617 §1); a holder that no longer holds the digest fails the event, which is offered again. - `build_image_copy` copies an upstream artifact (`module`, `artifact`, `from`) into the image seat by its `mirror`, by the digest the manifest pins (ADR 0498 §4): the holder copies it and says `published` or `refused` on the seat's events, which the manifest `consumes`; the step ends on that outcome (or fails `not stored:` after 30 minutes without one) and answers the digest and the seat's reference. A `from` without a digest fails `not pinned:` before the seat is asked. It needs no workspace, no buildah, and reads no outside registry itself. The copy's wait is kept in the state `mirror-waits` under its digest before the seat is asked: the seat's events reach one instance of the module, which writes the outcome into that key, and the waiting copy reads it there, woken by its watch of the state. A copy removes its wait when it ends; one a stopped process left goes after two days. `build_image_mirror_waits` reads that state. - It refuses, naming why, an image whose build context is a whole repository (`context`) or whose `build.on` names another module's artifact (`unsupportedImage` in `build.go`): those forms belong to the images build-agent builds until it is removed at R4g. - `build_image_release {workspace}` removes a workspace at once (no guard, no floor; one already gone is no error, one a running step holds is refused); its caller calls it once its last step answered. A failed fetch removes its own workspace, and one no caller released is removed two hours after its last use (ADR 0509). - A fetch and a build are refused, `refused: has N GiB free under the floor of 20 GiB (on )`, and the health is unhealthy with that text, while the work directory's or the image store's filesystem has less than 20 GiB free (issue 1839). A copy writes nothing to the disk and is not refused. - `build_image_step`, `build_image_steps`, `build_image_status` and `build_image_health` read. The module holds no registry address and no registry credential: every write goes through the image seat's verbs, and the holder checks each publish with the builder.