mesh-catalog/modules/docker/cmd/docker-tools/docker.go

package main

// The container runtime's own command line, asked by the operator account the node's tool runtime
// runs as (novox/hq ADR 0175 §4). That account is in the docker group on every machine, but a
// process keeps the groups it started with: a runtime started before the account joined the group
// is refused by the daemon's socket. So a refused socket is asked again through `sudo -n`, as the
// service manager's and the packet filter's acts are, and a refusal there is named by how it failed.
//
// A container the mesh holds carries the host's label (MeshLabel); its value names the assignment
// (`<module>.<resource>`). Every answer says which containers are the mesh's, because the host
// restores a held container to what its declaration says at its next apply (novox/hq ADR 0166).

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// MeshLabel is the label the host puts on every container it creates (mesh-host internal/apply).
const MeshLabel = "mesh-host.id"

// DaemonFile is the runtime's configuration file.
const DaemonFile = "/etc/docker/daemon.json"

// Client asks the runtime.
type Client struct {
	Run      Runner
	UID      int
	ReadFile func(string) ([]byte, error)
	Now      func() time.Time
}

// NewClient is the client the bundle serves with.
func NewClient() *Client {
	return &Client{Run: ExecRunner, UID: os.Getuid(), ReadFile: os.ReadFile, Now: time.Now}
}

var socketRefused = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)permission denied.*docker.*sock|docker\.sock.*permission denied`)

// docker runs one docker command and answers its stdout, or an error naming what went wrong.
func (c *Client) docker(ctx context.Context, args ...string) (string, error) {
	r := c.Run(ctx, "docker", args...)
	program := "docker"
	if r.Status != 0 && r.Err == "" && c.UID != 0 && socketRefused.MatchString(r.Stderr) {
		program = "sudo"
		r = c.Run(ctx, "sudo", append([]string{"-n", "docker"}, args...)...)
	}
	if r.Status == 0 && r.Err == "" {
		return r.Stdout, nil
	}
	return "", failure(args, program, r)
}

func failure(args []string, program string, r Ran) error {
	verb := "docker"
	if len(args) > 0 {
		verb += " " + args[0]
	}
	said := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stderr + "\n" + r.Stdout)
	switch {
	case r.Err == "ENOENT" && program == "sudo":
		return fmt.Errorf("the runtime's socket refused this account, and sudo is not installed here to escalate with")
	case r.Err == "ENOENT":
		return fmt.Errorf("docker is not installed on this machine")
	case r.Err != "":
		return fmt.Errorf("%s did not answer: %s (the daemon may still be doing it)", verb, r.Err)
	case program == "sudo" && regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^sudo:`).MatchString(said):
		return fmt.Errorf("the runtime's socket refused this account (not in the docker group, or not since the tool runtime started) and it may not escalate without a prompt: %s", firstLine(said))
	case strings.Contains(said, "Cannot connect to the Docker daemon"):
		return fmt.Errorf("the docker daemon is not answering on this machine: %s", firstLine(said))
	case strings.Contains(said, "No such container") || strings.Contains(said, "No such object"):
		return fmt.Errorf("%s", firstLine(said))
	}
	if l := firstLine(said); l != "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("%s failed (%d): %s", verb, r.Status, l)
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("%s failed with status %d", verb, r.Status)
}

var refPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_.:/@+-]*$`)

// Ref is a container's, image's, network's or volume's name or id as an argument: never something
// docker would read as an option, which under sudo would be root's option.
func Ref(s string) (string, error) {
	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
	if !refPattern.MatchString(s) || len(s) > 256 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("%q is not a name or id docker knows things by", s)
	}
	return s, nil
}

// lines splits output into its non-empty lines.
func lines(s string) []string {
	var out []string
	for _, l := range strings.Split(s, "\n") {
		if l = strings.TrimSpace(l); l != "" {
			out = append(out, l)
		}
	}
	return out
}

// jsonLines decodes one JSON object per line, as `--format '{{json .}}'` prints them.
func jsonLines[T any](s string) ([]T, error) {
	out := []T{}
	for _, l := range lines(s) {
		var v T
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(l), &v); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker answered a line that is not JSON: %.120s", l)
		}
		out = append(out, v)
	}
	return out, nil
}

// Bytes reads docker's human sizes ("55.63GB", "33.2MiB", "0B"): decimal units as docker's own
// HumanSize prints them, binary ones where it says so. -1 when it is not a size.
func Bytes(s string) int64 {
	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
	if i := strings.Index(s, " ("); i > 0 {
		s = s[:i]
	}
	m := regexp.MustCompile(`^([0-9.]+)\s*([A-Za-z]*)$`).FindStringSubmatch(s)
	if m == nil {
		return -1
	}
	n, err := strconv.ParseFloat(m[1], 64)
	if err != nil {
		return -1
	}
	units := map[string]float64{"": 1, "B": 1, "kB": 1e3, "KB": 1e3, "MB": 1e6, "GB": 1e9, "TB": 1e12, "PB": 1e15,
		"KiB": 1 << 10, "MiB": 1 << 20, "GiB": 1 << 30, "TiB": 1 << 40}
	u, ok := units[m[2]]
	if !ok {
		return -1
	}
	return int64(n * u)
}

// ---- containers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

type inspected struct {
	ID      string `json:"Id"`
	Name    string
	Created string
	Image   string
	Config  struct {
		Image  string
		Labels map[string]string
	}
	State struct {
		Status     string
		Running    bool
		Restarting bool
		OOMKilled  bool
		ExitCode   int
		StartedAt  string
		FinishedAt string
		Health     *struct{ Status string }
	}
	RestartCount int
	HostConfig   struct {
		RestartPolicy struct{ Name string }
		NetworkMode   string
		Privileged    bool
	}
	NetworkSettings struct {
		Ports map[string][]struct {
			HostIP   string `json:"HostIp"`
			HostPort string
		}
	}
	Mounts []struct {
		Type        string
		Name        string
		Source      string
		Destination string
		RW          bool
	}
}

// Mount is one thing a container mounts.
type Mount struct {
	Type        string `json:"type"`
	Name        string `json:"name,omitempty"`
	Source      string `json:"source,omitempty"`
	Destination string `json:"destination"`
	ReadOnly    bool   `json:"read_only,omitempty"`
}

// Container is one container as every tool here answers it.
type Container struct {
	ID            string   `json:"id"`
	Name          string   `json:"name"`
	Image         string   `json:"image"`
	ImageID       string   `json:"image_id"`
	State         string   `json:"state"`
	Health        string   `json:"health,omitempty"`
	ExitCode      int      `json:"exit_code"`
	OOMKilled     bool     `json:"oom_killed,omitempty"`
	Created       string   `json:"created"`
	StartedAt     string   `json:"started_at,omitempty"`
	FinishedAt    string   `json:"finished_at,omitempty"`
	Restarts      int      `json:"restarts"`
	RestartPolicy string   `json:"restart_policy,omitempty"`
	Network       string   `json:"network_mode,omitempty"`
	Privileged    bool     `json:"privileged,omitempty"`
	MeshHeld      bool     `json:"mesh_held"`
	HeldBy        string   `json:"held_by,omitempty"`
	Module        string   `json:"module,omitempty"`
	Compose       string   `json:"compose_project,omitempty"`
	ComposeDir    string   `json:"compose_dir,omitempty"`
	Ports         []string `json:"ports"`
	Mounts        []Mount  `json:"mounts"`
}

func summary(i inspected) Container {
	c := Container{
		ID: shortID(i.ID), Name: strings.TrimPrefix(i.Name, "/"), Image: i.Config.Image, ImageID: i.Image,
		State: i.State.Status, ExitCode: i.State.ExitCode, OOMKilled: i.State.OOMKilled, Created: i.Created,
		Restarts: i.RestartCount, RestartPolicy: i.HostConfig.RestartPolicy.Name, Network: i.HostConfig.NetworkMode,
		Privileged: i.HostConfig.Privileged, Ports: []string{}, Mounts: []Mount{},
	}
	if !zeroTime(i.State.StartedAt) {
		c.StartedAt = i.State.StartedAt
	}
	if !zeroTime(i.State.FinishedAt) && !i.State.Running {
		c.FinishedAt = i.State.FinishedAt
	}
	if i.State.Health != nil {
		c.Health = i.State.Health.Status
	}
	if v, ok := i.Config.Labels[MeshLabel]; ok {
		c.MeshHeld, c.HeldBy = true, v
		c.Module, _, _ = strings.Cut(v, ".")
	}
	c.Compose = i.Config.Labels["com.docker.compose.project"]
	c.ComposeDir = i.Config.Labels["com.docker.compose.project.working_dir"]
	for port, binds := range i.NetworkSettings.Ports {
		for _, b := range binds {
			c.Ports = append(c.Ports, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s->%s", b.HostIP, b.HostPort, port))
		}
	}
	sort.Strings(c.Ports)
	for _, m := range i.Mounts {
		mm := Mount{Type: m.Type, Destination: m.Destination, ReadOnly: !m.RW}
		if m.Type == "volume" {
			mm.Name = m.Name
		} else {
			mm.Source = m.Source
		}
		c.Mounts = append(c.Mounts, mm)
	}
	return c
}

func zeroTime(s string) bool { return s == "" || strings.HasPrefix(s, "0001-01-01") }

func shortID(id string) string {
	id = strings.TrimPrefix(id, "sha256:")
	if len(id) > 12 {
		return id[:12]
	}
	return id
}

// inspectAll is every container on the machine, the mesh's and every other.
func (c *Client) inspectAll(ctx context.Context) ([]inspected, error) {
	ids, err := c.docker(ctx, "ps", "--all", "--quiet", "--no-trunc")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	all := lines(ids)
	if len(all) == 0 {
		return []inspected{}, nil
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, append([]string{"container", "inspect"}, all...)...)
	if err != nil {
		// A container removed between the two calls fails the whole inspect; ask once more.
		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "No such") {
			return c.inspectAll(ctx)
		}
		return nil, err
	}
	var got []inspected
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &got); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker inspect answered something that is not JSON: %v", err)
	}
	return got, nil
}

// Containers is every container, narrowed as asked.
func (c *Client) Containers(ctx context.Context, held, state, match string) ([]Container, error) {
	all, err := c.inspectAll(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := []Container{}
	for _, i := range all {
		s := summary(i)
		switch held {
		case "", "all":
		case "mesh":
			if !s.MeshHeld {
				continue
			}
		case "other":
			if s.MeshHeld {
				continue
			}
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("held %q: \"all\", \"mesh\" or \"other\"", held)
		}
		if state != "" && s.State != state {
			continue
		}
		if match != "" && !strings.Contains(s.Name, match) && !strings.Contains(s.Image, match) {
			continue
		}
		out = append(out, s)
	}
	sort.Slice(out, func(a, b int) bool { return out[a].Name < out[b].Name })
	return out, nil
}

// Inspect is one container whole, as docker inspects it, with every environment variable's value
// left out (names kept): a container's environment is where its passwords are.
func (c *Client) Inspect(ctx context.Context, ref string) (map[string]any, error) {
	ref, err := Ref(ref)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, "container", "inspect", ref)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var got []map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &got); err != nil || len(got) != 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker inspect answered something that is not one container")
	}
	obj := got[0]
	if cfg, ok := obj["Config"].(map[string]any); ok {
		if env, ok := cfg["Env"].([]any); ok {
			names := []string{}
			for _, e := range env {
				name, _, _ := strings.Cut(fmt.Sprint(e), "=")
				names = append(names, name)
			}
			cfg["Env"] = names
			cfg["EnvValues"] = "left out: a container's environment holds its secrets"
		}
		if labels, ok := cfg["Labels"].(map[string]any); ok {
			if v, ok := labels[MeshLabel]; ok {
				obj["mesh_held"], obj["held_by"] = true, v
			} else {
				obj["mesh_held"] = false
			}
		}
	}
	return obj, nil
}

// Logs is the last lines a container wrote, both streams in the order they were written.
func (c *Client) Logs(ctx context.Context, ref string, tail int, since string) (map[string]any, error) {
	ref, err := Ref(ref)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	args := []string{"logs", "--timestamps", "--tail", strconv.Itoa(tail)}
	if since != "" {
		if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9]+[smhd]?$|^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}`).MatchString(since) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("since %q: a duration such as 30m or 2h, or a time such as 2026-10-04T10:00:00", since)
		}
		args = append(args, "--since", since)
	}
	args = append(args, ref)
	r := c.Run(ctx, "docker", args...)
	program := "docker"
	if r.Status != 0 && r.Err == "" && c.UID != 0 && socketRefused.MatchString(r.Stderr) {
		program = "sudo"
		r = c.Run(ctx, "sudo", append([]string{"-n", "docker"}, args...)...)
	}
	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
		return nil, failure(args, program, r)
	}
	// Both streams carry the container's lines, each led by its timestamp, so they merge in order.
	all := append(lines(r.Stdout), lines(r.Stderr)...)
	sort.SliceStable(all, func(a, b int) bool { return all[a] < all[b] })
	if len(all) > tail {
		all = all[len(all)-tail:]
	}
	const most = 4096
	for i, l := range all {
		if len(l) > most {
			all[i] = l[:most] + "…"
		}
	}
	return map[string]any{"container": ref, "lines": all, "count": len(all)}, nil
}

// Stat is one container's use of the machine now.
type Stat struct {
	Name     string `json:"name"`
	ID       string `json:"id"`
	CPU      string `json:"cpu"`
	Memory   string `json:"memory"`
	MemPerc  string `json:"memory_percent"`
	MemBytes int64  `json:"memory_bytes"`
	NetIO    string `json:"net_io"`
	BlockIO  string `json:"block_io"`
	PIDs     string `json:"pids"`
}

// Stats is a snapshot of every running container's use, or one's; the heaviest first.
func (c *Client) Stats(ctx context.Context, ref string) ([]Stat, error) {
	args := []string{"stats", "--no-stream", "--format", "{{json .}}"}
	if ref != "" {
		r, err := Ref(ref)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		args = append(args, r)
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, args...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	raw, err := jsonLines[map[string]string](out)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	stats := []Stat{}
	for _, s := range raw {
		used, _, _ := strings.Cut(s["MemUsage"], " / ")
		stats = append(stats, Stat{Name: s["Name"], ID: s["ID"], CPU: s["CPUPerc"], Memory: s["MemUsage"], MemPerc: s["MemPerc"],
			MemBytes: Bytes(used), NetIO: s["NetIO"], BlockIO: s["BlockIO"], PIDs: s["PIDs"]})
	}
	sort.Slice(stats, func(a, b int) bool { return stats[a].MemBytes > stats[b].MemBytes })
	return stats, nil
}

// Act starts, stops or restarts one container and answers its state after. A container the mesh
// holds is acted on too — the host restores what its declaration says at its next apply, and the
// answer says so (novox/hq ADR 0166).
func (c *Client) Act(ctx context.Context, verb, ref string) (map[string]any, error) {
	ref, err := Ref(ref)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	args := []string{verb}
	switch verb {
	case "start":
	case "stop", "restart":
		// Ten seconds to stop before it is killed: inside the call's own bound.
		args = append(args, "--time", "10")
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q is not start, stop or restart", verb)
	}
	if _, err := c.docker(ctx, append(args, ref)...); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, "container", "inspect", ref)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var got []inspected
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &got); err != nil || len(got) != 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker inspect answered something that is not one container")
	}
	s := summary(got[0])
	answer := map[string]any{"container": s.Name, "verb": verb, "ok": true, "state": s.State, "mesh_held": s.MeshHeld}
	if s.MeshHeld {
		answer["held_by"] = s.HeldBy
		answer["note"] = fmt.Sprintf("the mesh holds this container (%s): the host restores what its declaration says at its next apply", s.HeldBy)
	}
	return answer, nil
}

// Top is the processes running in one container.
func (c *Client) Top(ctx context.Context, ref string) (map[string]any, error) {
	ref, err := Ref(ref)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, "top", ref, "-eo", "pid,user,etime,pcpu,rss,args")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	rows := lines(out)
	procs := []map[string]string{}
	for _, l := range rows[min(1, len(rows)):] {
		f := strings.Fields(l)
		if len(f) < 6 {
			continue
		}
		procs = append(procs, map[string]string{"pid": f[0], "user": f[1], "elapsed": f[2], "cpu": f[3], "rss_kb": f[4], "command": strings.Join(f[5:], " ")})
	}
	return map[string]any{"container": ref, "processes": procs}, nil
}

// Problems is every container that is not well: unhealthy, restarting, dead, killed for memory,
// or exited with a failure.
func (c *Client) Problems(ctx context.Context) ([]map[string]any, error) {
	all, err := c.Containers(ctx, "", "", "")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := []map[string]any{}
	for _, s := range all {
		var why []string
		if s.Health == "unhealthy" {
			why = append(why, "unhealthy")
		}
		if s.State == "restarting" {
			why = append(why, "restarting")
		}
		if s.State == "dead" {
			why = append(why, "dead")
		}
		if s.OOMKilled {
			why = append(why, "killed for memory")
		}
		if s.State == "exited" && s.ExitCode != 0 {
			why = append(why, fmt.Sprintf("exited %d", s.ExitCode))
		}
		if s.Restarts >= 5 {
			why = append(why, fmt.Sprintf("restarted %d times", s.Restarts))
		}
		if len(why) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		out = append(out, map[string]any{"name": s.Name, "state": s.State, "health": s.Health, "why": why,
			"mesh_held": s.MeshHeld, "held_by": s.HeldBy, "image": s.Image, "finished_at": s.FinishedAt})
	}
	return out, nil
}

// Ports is every port the containers publish on the machine.
func (c *Client) Ports(ctx context.Context) ([]map[string]any, error) {
	all, err := c.Containers(ctx, "", "", "")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := []map[string]any{}
	for _, s := range all {
		for _, p := range s.Ports {
			out = append(out, map[string]any{"published": p, "container": s.Name, "state": s.State, "mesh_held": s.MeshHeld})
		}
		if s.Network == "host" && s.State == "running" {
			out = append(out, map[string]any{"published": "host network: every port it listens on", "container": s.Name, "state": s.State, "mesh_held": s.MeshHeld})
		}
	}
	return out, nil
}

// Unlabelled is every container the mesh does not hold: the cleanup list, with what each is
// likely to be (a compose project, a one-off).
func (c *Client) Unlabelled(ctx context.Context) (map[string]any, error) {
	all, err := c.Containers(ctx, "other", "", "")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	running := 0
	for _, s := range all {
		if s.State == "running" {
			running++
		}
	}
	return map[string]any{"count": len(all), "running": running, "containers": all,
		"note": "the mesh holds none of these; it never removes them. docker_prune with containers=true removes the stopped ones"}, nil
}

// ---- images ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Image is one image with what uses it.
type Image struct {
	ID         string   `json:"id"`
	Repository string   `json:"repository"`
	Tag        string   `json:"tag"`
	Created    string   `json:"created"`
	Size       string   `json:"size"`
	SizeBytes  int64    `json:"size_bytes"`
	Dangling   bool     `json:"dangling"`
	UsedBy     []string `json:"used_by"`
	MeshUsed   bool     `json:"used_by_mesh"`
}

// Images is the images on the machine, the largest first, with the containers using each.
func (c *Client) Images(ctx context.Context, filter, match string, limit int) (map[string]any, error) {
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, "image", "ls", "--no-trunc", "--format", "{{json .}}")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	raw, err := jsonLines[map[string]string](out)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	containers, err := c.inspectAll(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	users, meshUsers := map[string][]string{}, map[string]bool{}
	for _, i := range containers {
		s := summary(i)
		users[i.Image] = append(users[i.Image], s.Name)
		meshUsers[i.Image] = meshUsers[i.Image] || s.MeshHeld
	}
	images := []Image{}
	var total int64
	for _, r := range raw {
		img := Image{ID: r["ID"], Repository: r["Repository"], Tag: r["Tag"], Created: r["CreatedAt"], Size: r["Size"],
			SizeBytes: Bytes(r["Size"]), Dangling: r["Repository"] == "<none>" && r["Tag"] == "<none>"}
		img.UsedBy = append([]string{}, users[img.ID]...)
		img.MeshUsed = meshUsers[img.ID]
		switch filter {
		case "", "all":
		case "dangling":
			if !img.Dangling {
				continue
			}
		case "unused":
			if len(img.UsedBy) > 0 {
				continue
			}
		case "used":
			if len(img.UsedBy) == 0 {
				continue
			}
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("filter %q: all, dangling, unused or used", filter)
		}
		if match != "" && !strings.Contains(img.Repository+":"+img.Tag, match) {
			continue
		}
		total += max(img.SizeBytes, 0)
		images = append(images, img)
	}
	sort.Slice(images, func(a, b int) bool { return images[a].SizeBytes > images[b].SizeBytes })
	count := len(images)
	if len(images) > limit {
		images = images[:limit]
	}
	return map[string]any{"count": count, "shown": len(images), "size_bytes_summed": total,
		"note": "sizes are summed per image; images share layers, so the disk they take together is docker_disk_usage's", "images": images}, nil
}

// ---- prune -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// PruneAsk is what a prune is asked to take. Volumes are never among them: a volume is data.
type PruneAsk struct {
	Images     bool
	BuildCache bool
	Containers bool
	OlderThanH int
	DryRun     bool
}

// Prune removes, or with DryRun only lists, dangling images, unused build cache and — only when
// asked — stopped containers the mesh does not hold. Never a volume, never a container the mesh
// holds, never an image a container uses (the daemon refuses that itself).
func (c *Client) Prune(ctx context.Context, a PruneAsk) (map[string]any, error) {
	answer := map[string]any{"dry_run": a.DryRun, "volumes": "never pruned: a volume is data"}
	until := []string{}
	if a.OlderThanH > 0 {
		until = []string{"--filter", fmt.Sprintf("until=%dh", a.OlderThanH)}
		answer["older_than_hours"] = a.OlderThanH
	}
	if a.Images {
		args := append([]string{"image", "ls", "--no-trunc", "--filter", "dangling=true", "--format", "{{json .}}"}, until...)
		out, err := c.docker(ctx, args...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		raw, err := jsonLines[map[string]string](out)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		var sum int64
		ids := []string{}
		for _, r := range raw {
			sum += max(Bytes(r["Size"]), 0)
			ids = append(ids, shortID(r["ID"]))
		}
		if len(ids) > 50 {
			ids = ids[:50]
		}
		section := map[string]any{"dangling": len(raw), "size_bytes_summed": sum, "ids_first_50": ids}
		if !a.DryRun && len(raw) > 0 {
			out, err := c.docker(ctx, append([]string{"image", "prune", "--force"}, until...)...)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			section["reclaimed"] = reclaimed(out)
		}
		answer["images"] = section
	}
	if a.BuildCache {
		section := map[string]any{}
		if a.DryRun {
			out, err := c.docker(ctx, "system", "df", "--format", "{{json .}}")
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			rows, err := jsonLines[map[string]string](out)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			for _, r := range rows {
				if r["Type"] == "Build Cache" {
					section["entries"], section["size"], section["reclaimable"] = r["TotalCount"], r["Size"], r["Reclaimable"]
				}
			}
			section["note"] = "an estimate: a real prune takes the cache nothing refers to, which can be less than reclaimable"
		} else {
			out, err := c.docker(ctx, append([]string{"builder", "prune", "--force"}, until...)...)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			section["reclaimed"] = reclaimed(out)
		}
		answer["build_cache"] = section
	}
	if a.Containers {
		all, err := c.Containers(ctx, "other", "", "")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		cutoff := c.Now().Add(-time.Duration(a.OlderThanH) * time.Hour)
		stopped := []string{}
		for _, s := range all {
			if s.State != "exited" && s.State != "created" && s.State != "dead" {
				continue
			}
			if a.OlderThanH > 0 {
				when := s.FinishedAt
				if when == "" {
					when = s.Created
				}
				if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, when); err == nil && t.After(cutoff) {
					continue
				}
			}
			stopped = append(stopped, s.Name)
		}
		section := map[string]any{"stopped_not_held": stopped}
		if !a.DryRun && len(stopped) > 0 {
			// By name, and without --volumes: what they mounted stays.
			if _, err := c.docker(ctx, append([]string{"container", "rm"}, stopped...)...); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			section["removed"] = stopped
		}
		answer["containers"] = section
	}
	if a.DryRun {
		answer["note"] = "nothing was removed: call again with dry_run false to prune"
	}
	return answer, nil
}

func reclaimed(out string) string {
	for _, l := range lines(out) {
		if strings.HasPrefix(l, "Total reclaimed space:") || strings.HasPrefix(l, "Total:") {
			return strings.TrimSpace(l[strings.Index(l, ":")+1:])
		}
	}
	return "0B"
}

// ---- disk, networks, volumes, events, daemon ---------------------------------------------------

// DiskUsage is `docker system df -v`, summed per kind, with the largest of each.
func (c *Client) DiskUsage(ctx context.Context, top int) (map[string]any, error) {
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, "system", "df", "--format", "{{json .}}")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	rows, err := jsonLines[map[string]any](out)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	summaryRows := []map[string]any{}
	for _, r := range rows {
		summaryRows = append(summaryRows, map[string]any{"type": r["Type"], "total": r["TotalCount"], "active": r["Active"],
			"size": r["Size"], "size_bytes": Bytes(fmt.Sprint(r["Size"])), "reclaimable": r["Reclaimable"]})
	}
	verbose, err := c.docker(ctx, "system", "df", "--verbose", "--format", "{{json .}}")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var v map[string][]map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(verbose), &v); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker system df -v answered something that is not JSON: %v", err)
	}
	largest := map[string]any{}
	for kind, items := range v {
		sort.Slice(items, func(a, b int) bool { return Bytes(fmt.Sprint(items[a]["Size"])) > Bytes(fmt.Sprint(items[b]["Size"])) })
		if len(items) > top {
			items = items[:top]
		}
		trimmed := []map[string]any{}
		for _, it := range items {
			t := map[string]any{"size": it["Size"]}
			for _, k := range []string{"Repository", "Tag", "ID", "Names", "Name", "Containers", "Links", "Image", "State", "Description", "InUse", "LastUsedSince", "UniqueSize"} {
				if val, ok := it[k]; ok && val != nil && val != "" {
					t[strings.ToLower(k)] = val
				}
			}
			trimmed = append(trimmed, t)
		}
		largest[kind] = trimmed
	}
	return map[string]any{"summary": summaryRows, "largest": largest}, nil
}

// Networks is every network with its addressing and the running containers on it.
func (c *Client) Networks(ctx context.Context) ([]map[string]any, error) {
	ids, err := c.docker(ctx, "network", "ls", "--quiet", "--no-trunc")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(lines(ids)) == 0 {
		return []map[string]any{}, nil
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, append([]string{"network", "inspect"}, lines(ids)...)...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var got []struct {
		Name, Driver, Scope string
		Internal            bool
		IPAM                struct {
			Config []struct{ Subnet, Gateway string }
		}
		Containers map[string]struct{ Name, IPv4Address string }
		Labels     map[string]string
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &got); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker network inspect answered something that is not JSON: %v", err)
	}
	held := map[string]bool{}
	if all, err := c.Containers(ctx, "", "", ""); err == nil {
		for _, s := range all {
			held[s.Name] = s.MeshHeld
		}
	}
	res := []map[string]any{}
	for _, n := range got {
		subnets := []string{}
		for _, cfg := range n.IPAM.Config {
			subnets = append(subnets, strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Subnet+" gw "+cfg.Gateway))
		}
		members := []map[string]any{}
		for _, m := range n.Containers {
			members = append(members, map[string]any{"name": m.Name, "address": m.IPv4Address, "mesh_held": held[m.Name]})
		}
		sort.Slice(members, func(a, b int) bool { return fmt.Sprint(members[a]["name"]) < fmt.Sprint(members[b]["name"]) })
		res = append(res, map[string]any{"name": n.Name, "driver": n.Driver, "scope": n.Scope, "internal": n.Internal,
			"subnets": subnets, "containers": members, "compose_project": n.Labels["com.docker.compose.project"]})
	}
	sort.Slice(res, func(a, b int) bool { return fmt.Sprint(res[a]["name"]) < fmt.Sprint(res[b]["name"]) })
	return res, nil
}

// Volumes is every volume with the containers mounting it, whether the mesh holds any of them, and
// — when asked, which is slower — its size.
func (c *Client) Volumes(ctx context.Context, unmountedOnly, sizes bool) (map[string]any, error) {
	names, err := c.docker(ctx, "volume", "ls", "--quiet")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	containers, err := c.Containers(ctx, "", "", "")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	mountedBy := map[string][]map[string]any{}
	for _, s := range containers {
		for _, m := range s.Mounts {
			if m.Type == "volume" {
				mountedBy[m.Name] = append(mountedBy[m.Name], map[string]any{"container": s.Name, "state": s.State, "mesh_held": s.MeshHeld})
			}
		}
	}
	size := map[string]string{}
	if sizes {
		out, err := c.docker(ctx, "system", "df", "--verbose", "--format", "{{json .}}")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		var v struct{ Volumes []map[string]any }
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &v); err == nil {
			for _, vol := range v.Volumes {
				size[fmt.Sprint(vol["Name"])] = fmt.Sprint(vol["Size"])
			}
		}
	}
	vols := []map[string]any{}
	if len(lines(names)) > 0 {
		out, err := c.docker(ctx, append([]string{"volume", "inspect"}, lines(names)...)...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		var got []struct {
			Name, Driver, CreatedAt, Mountpoint string
			Labels                              map[string]string
		}
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &got); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker volume inspect answered something that is not JSON: %v", err)
		}
		for _, v := range got {
			by := mountedBy[v.Name]
			if unmountedOnly && len(by) > 0 {
				continue
			}
			mesh := false
			for _, b := range by {
				mesh = mesh || b["mesh_held"].(bool)
			}
			_, anonymous := v.Labels["com.docker.volume.anonymous"]
			entry := map[string]any{"name": v.Name, "driver": v.Driver, "created": v.CreatedAt, "anonymous": anonymous,
				"compose_project": v.Labels["com.docker.compose.project"], "mounted_by": append([]map[string]any{}, by...), "mesh_held": mesh}
			if sizes {
				entry["size"] = size[v.Name]
			}
			vols = append(vols, entry)
		}
	}
	return map[string]any{"count": len(vols), "volumes": vols,
		"note": "mesh_held: a container the mesh holds mounts it. Nothing here removes a volume; docker_prune never does"}, nil
}

// Events is what the runtime did in a window ending now, the latest last.
func (c *Client) Events(ctx context.Context, minutes int, kind string, limit int, execs bool) (map[string]any, error) {
	args := []string{"events", "--since", fmt.Sprintf("%dm", minutes), "--until", "0s", "--format", "{{json .}}"}
	if kind != "" {
		switch kind {
		case "container", "image", "network", "volume", "daemon", "plugin", "builder":
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("type %q: container, image, network, volume, daemon, plugin or builder", kind)
		}
		args = append(args, "--filter", "type="+kind)
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, args...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	raw, err := jsonLines[struct {
		Type, Action string
		Actor        struct {
			ID         string
			Attributes map[string]string
		}
		TimeNano int64 `json:"timeNano"`
	}](out)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	events := []map[string]any{}
	for _, e := range raw {
		if !execs && strings.HasPrefix(e.Action, "exec_") {
			continue
		}
		_, held := e.Actor.Attributes[MeshLabel]
		ev := map[string]any{"time": time.Unix(0, e.TimeNano).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339), "type": e.Type, "action": e.Action,
			"id": shortID(e.Actor.ID), "name": e.Actor.Attributes["name"]}
		if e.Type == "container" {
			ev["mesh_held"] = held
			ev["image"] = e.Actor.Attributes["image"]
			if code, ok := e.Actor.Attributes["exitCode"]; ok {
				ev["exit_code"] = code
			}
		}
		events = append(events, ev)
	}
	total := len(events)
	if len(events) > limit {
		events = events[len(events)-limit:]
	}
	return map[string]any{"minutes": minutes, "count": total, "shown": len(events), "events": events}, nil
}

// restartOnly are the daemon keys the runtime reads only when it starts: a reload leaves them as
// they were (dockerd's reloadable set is debug, labels, live-restore, registries, max-concurrent-*,
// default-runtime, runtimes, shutdown-timeout and a few more).
var restartOnly = []string{"dns", "dns-opts", "dns-search", "data-root", "storage-driver", "log-driver", "log-opts", "bip",
	"default-address-pools", "iptables", "ip6tables", "ipv6", "userns-remap", "exec-opts", "allow-direct-routing", "mtu"}

// DaemonConfig is the runtime's file and what the daemon runs with now, and where the two differ.
func (c *Client) DaemonConfig(ctx context.Context) (map[string]any, error) {
	answer := map[string]any{"file": DaemonFile}
	var file map[string]any
	raw, err := c.ReadFile(DaemonFile)
	switch {
	case os.IsNotExist(err):
		answer["file_state"] = "absent: the daemon runs on its defaults"
	case err != nil:
		answer["file_state"] = "unreadable: " + err.Error()
	default:
		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &file); err != nil {
			answer["file_state"] = "not JSON — the daemon refuses to start with it: " + err.Error()
		} else {
			answer["file_state"] = "read"
			answer["keys"] = file
		}
	}
	out, err := c.docker(ctx, "info", "--format", "{{json .}}")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var info map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &info); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("docker info answered something that is not JSON: %v", err)
	}
	essentials := map[string]any{}
	for _, k := range []string{"ServerVersion", "Driver", "LoggingDriver", "CgroupDriver", "CgroupVersion", "LiveRestoreEnabled",
		"DockerRootDir", "Containers", "ContainersRunning", "ContainersPaused", "ContainersStopped", "Images", "KernelVersion",
		"OperatingSystem", "NCPU", "MemTotal", "DefaultRuntime", "FirewallBackend", "SecurityOptions", "Warnings", "Debug"} {
		if v, ok := info[k]; ok {
			essentials[k] = v
		}
	}
	if reg, ok := info["RegistryConfig"].(map[string]any); ok {
		insecure := []string{}
		if idx, ok := reg["IndexConfigs"].(map[string]any); ok {
			for name, cfg := range idx {
				if m, ok := cfg.(map[string]any); ok && m["Secure"] == false {
					insecure = append(insecure, name)
				}
			}
		}
		sort.Strings(insecure)
		essentials["InsecureRegistries"] = insecure
		essentials["InsecureRegistryCIDRs"] = reg["InsecureRegistryCIDRs"]
	}
	answer["daemon"] = essentials

	// Where the file says one thing and the daemon runs another: a key changed since the last reload,
	// or one only a restart takes.
	pending := []string{}
	if file != nil {
		if v, ok := file["live-restore"].(bool); ok && info["LiveRestoreEnabled"] != v {
			pending = append(pending, fmt.Sprintf("live-restore is %v in the file and %v in the daemon: a reload takes it", v, info["LiveRestoreEnabled"]))
		}
		if v, ok := file["log-driver"].(string); ok && info["LoggingDriver"] != v {
			pending = append(pending, fmt.Sprintf("log-driver is %s in the file and %v in the daemon: only a restart takes it", v, info["LoggingDriver"]))
		}
		present := []string{}
		for _, k := range restartOnly {
			if _, ok := file[k]; ok {
				present = append(present, k)
			}
		}
		answer["read_only_at_start"] = present
	}
	answer["pending"] = pending
	answer["note"] = "keys read only at start take effect at the daemon's next restart; with live-restore on, a restart keeps every container running"
	return answer, nil
}