diff --git a/internal/catalogue/declaration.go b/internal/catalogue/declaration.go
index c092aeb..4a272f1 100644
--- a/internal/catalogue/declaration.go
+++ b/internal/catalogue/declaration.go
@@ -92,8 +92,21 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 	var out []map[string]any
 	for _, m := range r.Modules {
 		resources := m.Resources
+
+		// What the mesh computes for this module goes FIRST, before the module's own resources.
+		//
+		// **Order is stated, not derived — the host does not sort** (novox/hq ADR 0005), so
+		// whatever the mesh writes down is the order a machine applies. A module's service or
+		// container routinely depends on one of these files; nothing here ever depends on a
+		// module's resources, because none of it is computed from them.
+		//
+		// Appended, this was wrong in a way that only showed on the first apply and then healed:
+		// the service started before its certificate or its rule set existed, failed, and the next
+		// reconcile fixed it. A fault that repairs itself on the second attempt is worse than one
+		// that does not, because what gets remembered is that it works.
+		var first []map[string]any
 		if f := m.Filtering; f != nil {
-			resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), map[string]any{
+			first = append(first, map[string]any{
 				"id": FilteringID(), "type": "file", "path": f.Into,
 				"content": filtering, "mode": "0600",
 			})
@@ -105,14 +118,14 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf(
 					"%s wants a certificate for this machine and none was issued", m.Module)
 			}
-			resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), map[string]any{
+			first = append(first, map[string]any{
 				"id": CertificateID(), "type": "file", "path": c.Into,
 				// Public. It travels in the open like any other file, because it is a statement
 				// about a key rather than the key.
 				"content": with.Certificate, "mode": "0644",
 			})
 			if c.Authority != "" {
-				resources = append(resources, map[string]any{
+				first = append(first, map[string]any{
 					"id": AuthorityID(), "type": "file", "path": c.Authority,
 					"content": with.Authority, "mode": "0644",
 				})
@@ -127,7 +140,7 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf(
 					"%s needs a secret called %q and none was made for it", m.Module, name)
 			}
-			resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), map[string]any{
+			first = append(first, map[string]any{
 				"id": NeedID(name), "type": "file", "path": m.Needs[name], "sealed": sealed,
 			})
 		}
@@ -144,7 +157,7 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 				// worse than none: something would read it and fail authenticating.
 				continue
 			}
-			resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), map[string]any{
+			first = append(first, map[string]any{
 				"id": SecretID(to), "type": "file", "path": m.Secrets[to],
 				"sealed": found.Sealed,
 			})
@@ -164,7 +177,7 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 					// and nothing would say so.
 					continue
 				}
-				resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), map[string]any{
+				first = append(first, map[string]any{
 					"id":     GrantID(to, g.Consumer),
 					"type":   "file",
 					"path":   grantPath(m.Grants[to], g.Consumer),
@@ -189,14 +202,14 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), file)
+			first = append(first, file)
 		}
 		for _, to := range sortedKeys(m.Receives) {
 			file, err := receivedFile(to, m.Receives[to], given[to])
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, resources...), file)
+			first = append(first, file)
 		}
 		if m.Computed != "" {
 			generator, known := with.Generators[m.Computed]
@@ -217,6 +230,11 @@ func (r Resolution) Declaration(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
 			}
 			resources = generated
 		}
+
+		// Now, and not before: a module whose resources are computed replaces them wholesale, and
+		// merging earlier would throw away the files it still needs.
+		resources = append(append([]map[string]any{}, first...), resources...)
+
 		for _, unsettled := range resources {
 			resource, err := ApplySettings(unsettled, with.Settings[m.Module])
 			if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/catalogue/filtering_test.go b/internal/catalogue/filtering_test.go
index c7bc2e7..7e17ce2 100644
--- a/internal/catalogue/filtering_test.go
+++ b/internal/catalogue/filtering_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package catalogue
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -237,3 +238,64 @@ func TestAMeshOnBothAddressFamiliesRendersBoth(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("both families are in one set, so the file will not load:\n%s", nft)
 	}
 }
+
+// The host does not sort, so the order the mesh writes is the order a machine applies.
+//
+// A module's service or container routinely depends on a file the mesh computed — a certificate,
+// a credential, a rule set. Written after the service, the service is applied first, fails, and
+// the next reconcile fixes it. A fault that repairs itself on the second attempt is worse than one
+// that does not: what gets remembered is that it works.
+func TestWhatTheMeshComputesIsAppliedBeforeWhatTheModuleDeclared(t *testing.T) {
+	r := Resolution{Modules: []Manifest{{
+		Module:    "firewall",
+		Filtering: &Filtering{Into: "/etc/nftables.conf"},
+		Resources: []map[string]any{
+			{"id": "load", "type": "service", "unit": "nftables.service", "state": "running",
+				"restart-on": []any{"filtering"}},
+		},
+	}}}
+	out, err := r.Declaration(Rendering{Mesh: []string{"198.51.100.2"}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("declaration: %v", err)
+	}
+	var order []string
+	for _, res := range out {
+		order = append(order, fmt.Sprint(res["id"]))
+	}
+	if len(order) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the rule set and the service, got %v", order)
+	}
+	if order[0] != "firewall.filtering" {
+		t.Fatalf("the service is applied before the file it reflects: %v", order)
+	}
+}
+
+// The same, for a module whose resources are computed elsewhere — that branch replaces the
+// module's resources wholesale, and merging in the wrong place would throw away its credentials.
+func TestAComputedModuleStillGetsWhatTheMeshMadeForIt(t *testing.T) {
+	r := Resolution{Modules: []Manifest{{
+		Module: "networking", Computed: "mesh-network",
+		Needs: map[string]string{"key": "/var/lib/mesh/key"},
+	}}}
+	out, err := r.Declaration(Rendering{
+		Needed:     map[string]map[string]string{"networking": {"key": "sealed"}},
+		Generators: map[string]Generator{"mesh-network": computedOnce{}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("declaration: %v", err)
+	}
+	var ids []string
+	for _, res := range out {
+		ids = append(ids, fmt.Sprint(res["id"]))
+	}
+	if len(ids) == 0 || ids[0] != "networking."+NeedID("key") {
+		t.Fatalf("a computed module lost the secret the mesh made for it, or applies it late: %v", ids)
+	}
+}
+
+type computedOnce struct{}
+
+func (computedOnce) Resources(string) ([]map[string]any, bool, error) {
+	return []map[string]any{{"id": "wg", "type": "file", "path": "/etc/wireguard/wg0.conf",
+		"content": "x", "mode": "0600"}}, true, nil
+}