Raise agent-root where who can become root is not measured, so the router never reads a missing measure as a no (hq ADR 0259 §8)

A machine where the router or a verified channel runs and the sudo module is absent or does not answer
made the probe fail to run, which raises nothing the router reads, so it went on approving there. Each
such machine now raises the same urgent condition, saying it was not measured.

cmd/mesh-controller/busobjects.go

@@ -53,9 +53,26 @@ func assertBusObjects(ctx context.Context, inv *inventory.Inventory, r broker.Ra
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	// And the work queues of seats that name their caller or their kind, with each holder's worker
+	// (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3): an ask queues until the router takes it, a channel's work until that kind
+	// takes it.
+	trafficStreams, trafficWorkers, err := seatTrafficObjects(ctx, inv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	// Every one tried, and every failure named: one module's consumer the bus refuses is no reason
 	// the modules after it in the list hear nothing (novox/hq issue 208, where this runs on each send).
 	var failed []error
+	for _, s := range trafficStreams {
+		if err := r.EnsureStream(s); err != nil {
+			failed = append(failed, fmt.Errorf("the work queue %s: %w", s.Name, err))
+		}
+	}
+	for _, c := range trafficWorkers {
+		if err := r.EnsureConsumer(c); err != nil {
+			failed = append(failed, fmt.Errorf("the worker %s on %s: %w", c.Name, c.Stream, err))
+		}
+	}
 	for _, c := range consumers {
 		if err := r.EnsureConsumer(c.Consumer); err != nil {
 			failed = append(failed, fmt.Errorf("how %s on %s hears what it consumes: %w", c.Module, c.Node, err))
@@ -130,6 +147,37 @@ func moduleConsumers(ctx context.Context, inv *inventory.Inventory) ([]broker.Mo
 	return broker.ConsumersOf(users), nil
 }
 
+// seatTrafficObjects is the work queues and workers of seats that name their caller or their kind, from
+// the records the user list is composed from.
+func seatTrafficObjects(ctx context.Context, inv *inventory.Inventory) ([]broker.Stream, []broker.Consumer, error) {
+	records, err := inv.BusRecords(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	users, err := broker.Users(records)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	streams, workers := broker.SeatTrafficObjects(users)
+	// And the queue of every such seat the catalogue declares, held or not: work queues from registration,
+	// so what is submitted before a holder is assigned waits for it (the correctness review of 2026-10-08).
+	declared, err := inv.DeclaredTrafficSeats(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	have := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, s := range streams {
+		have[s.Name] = true
+	}
+	for _, s := range broker.TrafficQueues(declared) {
+		if !have[s.Name] {
+			streams = append(streams, s)
+			have[s.Name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return streams, workers, nil
+}
+
 // moduleConsumerCount is how many modules hear what they consume, for the raise's one line.
 func moduleConsumerCount(ctx context.Context, inv *inventory.Inventory) (int, error) {
 	consumers, err := moduleConsumers(ctx, inv)

cmd/mesh-controller/doctor.go

@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ var probeRegistry = []probe{
 	{ID: probeReconnectsID, Asserts: "no user of the bus had its connection dropped more than twelve times in the " +
 		"last hour: the bus module's nats_closed_connections", From: "issue 327", Kind: kindBusReconnects,
 		Phase: 1, run: probeReconnects},
+	// Root where the trusted parties run (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): while an agent can become root there without a
+	// person, an answer proven there proves nothing.
+	{ID: "D-root", Asserts: "no agent can become root without a person on a machine where the router or a channel " +
+		"proving its sender runs: not by its own account, and not through a tool that runs its command as an account " +
+		"that can", From: "ADR 0259 §8", Kind: kindAgentRoot, Phase: 2, run: probeAgentRoot},
 	{ID: "DW", Asserts: "the watchdogs of the signals table ran within three of their intervals",
 		From: "ADR 0227 rule 6: the watchers are watched", Kind: "watchdogs-silent", Phase: 1, run: probeWatchdogs},
 	// The core's health definitions (novox/hq to-be 45 §8, ADR 0236): what a core component's new build is

cmd/mesh-controller/probe_agent_root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-controller/internal/catalogue"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-controller/internal/conditions"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-controller/internal/link"
+)
+
+// The self-check's probe of who can become root where the trusted parties run (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8, rule 3).
+//
+// The router and every channel proving its sender run as accounts of their own, so that no agent reads what
+// they hold or speaks as them. **Root on their machine undoes all of it.** So on every machine where a module
+// of its own account runs, this probe asks two questions, and raises an urgent condition while either is yes:
+//
+//  1. can an account an agent runs as become root without a person there — passwordless sudo, or a group
+//     that is root by another name (docker, disk)? The agent's account is the one the coding-agent module on
+//     that machine names (`agent_account`), and the operator's account while it names none;
+//  2. can an agent run a command it chooses, through the mesh's own tools, as an account that can — the login
+//     shell's `execute` runs as the machine's runtime account, which the mesh's acting tools give passwordless
+//     sudo? **Only where `execute` is served** (novox/hq ADR 0268): `execute` is an optional verb its holder
+//     withholds on a machine whose `execute` setting is not `serve`. The holder's seat being held there says
+//     nothing; whether the verb is served does. It counts as served while either says so — the holder's
+//     setting as the controller resolves it for that machine (a withheld value not yet pushed is still served),
+//     or the bus's discovery hearing the verb answered there — so a withheld setting the machine has not acted
+//     on yet, or a holder answering against its setting, is never taken for closed.
+//
+// The measurement is the sudo module's on that machine (`sudo_escalation`). **What cannot be measured is not a
+// pass**: a machine it does not run on, or that does not answer, raises the same urgent condition, saying it
+// was not measured — the router reads the condition, and a probe that merely failed to run would leave it
+// approving there (hq ADR 0259 §8, as amended on 2026-10-09).
+
+// kindAgentRoot is the condition an agent able to become root where a trusted party runs raises.
+const kindAgentRoot = "agent-root"
+
+// The tools the probe asks, of the modules on each machine.
+const (
+	agentModule     = "claude-code"
+	agentStatusTool = "claude_code_status"
+	sudoModule      = "sudo"
+	sudoEscalation  = "sudo_escalation"
+	loginShellSeat  = "node-login-shell"
+	// loginShellVerb is the seat's verb that runs a command, and the name of the setting its holder withholds
+	// it by (novox/hq ADR 0268).
+	loginShellVerb = "execute"
+	// executeServes is the one value of that setting that serves the verb; anything else withholds it.
+	executeServes = "serve"
+)
+
+// loginShellServed judges whether the login shell's execute is served on a machine, failing closed (novox/hq
+// ADR 0268): served while the holder's setting there is `serve` (or the holder has no such setting and claims
+// the verb), or while the bus heard the verb answered there, or while the bus could not be asked. why says
+// which, in words, for the condition.
+func loginShellServed(holder string, claims bool, setting *any, heard, asked bool) (bool, string) {
+	var why []string
+	switch {
+	case setting != nil:
+		if v, _ := (*setting).(string); v == executeServes {
+			why = append(why, holder+"'s execute setting there is "+executeServes)
+		}
+	case claims:
+		why = append(why, holder+" claims execute and has no setting that withholds it")
+	}
+	if heard {
+		why = append(why, "the bus hears execute answered there")
+	} else if !asked {
+		why = append(why, "the bus could not be asked whether execute is answered there")
+	}
+	return len(why) > 0, strings.Join(why, "; ")
+}
+
+// claimServes says whether a manifest's claim of a seat names a verb among those it serves.
+func claimServes(m catalogue.Manifest, seat, verb string) bool {
+	for _, c := range m.Claims {
+		if c.Name == seat && slices.Contains(c.Serves, verb) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// escalation is the sudo module's answer for one account.
+type escalation struct {
+	Account string `json:"account"`
+	Root    bool   `json:"root_without_a_person"`
+	Why     string `json:"why"`
+}
+
+// agentRootFacts is what one machine says, as the probe reads it.
+type agentRootFacts struct {
+	Machine    string
+	Trusted    []string // the modules of their own account on it
+	Agent      string   // the account agents run as there; "" when none run there
+	AgentNamed bool     // the coding-agent module named it, rather than it being taken for the operator's
+	Runtime    string   // the account the machine's runtime runs as
+	LoginShell bool     // the login shell's execute is served there, running commands as the runtime's account
+	// LoginShellWhy is why execute counts as served there, in words: its holder's setting, the bus, or both.
+	LoginShellWhy string
+	Answers       map[string]escalation
+}
+
+// agentRootObservations judges one machine's facts: an urgent condition while an agent can become root there
+// without a person, one way or the other, naming which.
+func agentRootObservations(f agentRootFacts) []conditions.Observation {
+	var ways []string
+	if f.Agent != "" {
+		if e := f.Answers[f.Agent]; e.Root {
+			named := "the operator's account, which agents run as while the coding-agent module names no other"
+			if f.AgentNamed {
+				named = "the account agents run as"
+			}
+			ways = append(ways, fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s) can become root without a person: %s", f.Agent, named, e.Why))
+		}
+	}
+	if f.LoginShell && f.Runtime != "" {
+		if e := f.Answers[f.Runtime]; e.Root {
+			served := ""
+			if f.LoginShellWhy != "" {
+				served = " (" + f.LoginShellWhy + ")"
+			}
+			ways = append(ways, fmt.Sprintf("the login shell runs any command an agent gives it as %s%s, which can "+
+				"become root without a person: %s", f.Runtime, served, e.Why))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(ways) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sort.Strings(f.Trusted)
+	return []conditions.Observation{{Scope: conditions.ScopeMachine, ID: f.Machine, Token: kindAgentRoot,
+		Machine: f.Machine, Kind: kindAgentRoot, Severity: conditions.Urgent,
+		Summary: fmt.Sprintf("an agent can become root on %s without a person, where %s run as accounts of their "+
+			"own; until it cannot, the router approves nothing proven there (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): %s",
+			f.Machine, strings.Join(f.Trusted, ", "), strings.Join(ways, "; ")),
+		Headline: "Root without you on " + f.Machine,
+		Needs:    "choose how programs working for you on " + f.Machine + " stop becoming root without asking you.",
+		Explanation: "The modules that prove your answers from your phone run on " + f.Machine + ", and a program " +
+			"working for you there can become root without asking you, so it could answer in your name. Until " +
+			"that changes, answers from your phone can only acknowledge.",
+		Resolved: "Nothing on " + f.Machine + " becomes root without you any more"}}
+}
+
+// probeAgentRoot is the probe: every machine a module of its own account runs on, judged.
+func probeAgentRoot(ctx context.Context, d *doctor) ([]conditions.Observation, error) {
+	inv := d.open.inventory
+	entries, err := inv.Catalogued(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	facts := map[string]*agentRootFacts{}
+	agentOn, sudoOn := map[string]bool{}, map[string]bool{}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		for _, node := range e.On {
+			switch {
+			case e.Manifest.RunsAs != "":
+				f := facts[node]
+				if f == nil {
+					f = &agentRootFacts{Machine: node, Answers: map[string]escalation{}}
+					facts[node] = f
+				}
+				f.Trusted = append(f.Trusted, e.Manifest.Module)
+			case e.Manifest.Module == agentModule:
+				agentOn[node] = true
+			case e.Manifest.Module == sudoModule:
+				sudoOn[node] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	machines := make([]string, 0, len(facts))
+	for m := range facts {
+		machines = append(machines, m)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(machines)
+	var out []conditions.Observation
+	var unread []string
+	if len(machines) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	// Whether the login shell's execute is served where a trusted party runs (novox/hq ADR 0268): the
+	// holder's setting for that machine, and what the bus hears answered there. A discovery that could not be
+	// asked leaves only the setting, which is said: the probe then cannot show the verb withheld.
+	// A discovery that could not be asked counts execute as served (loginShellServed), and says so.
+	heard, derr := discoverSeatVerbs(ctx, d.js.Conn())
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if !e.Manifest.ClaimsSeat(loginShellSeat) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, node := range e.On {
+			f := facts[node]
+			if f == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			var setting *any
+			if _, declared := e.Manifest.Settings[loginShellVerb]; declared {
+				layers, err := inv.SettingsFor(ctx, node, e.Manifest.Module)
+				if err != nil {
+					f.LoginShell, f.LoginShellWhy = true, e.Manifest.Module+"'s setting there could not be read: "+err.Error()
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, s := range catalogue.Effective(e.Manifest, layers) {
+					if s.Key == loginShellVerb {
+						v := s.Value
+						setting = &v
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			f.LoginShell, f.LoginShellWhy = loginShellServed(e.Manifest.Module, claimServes(e.Manifest, loginShellSeat, loginShellVerb),
+				setting, heard[loginShellSeat][loginShellVerb][node], derr == nil)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		f := facts[m]
+		record, err := inv.NodeByName(ctx, m)
+		if err != nil {
+			unread = append(unread, m+": "+err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+		f.Runtime = record.Account
+		if agentOn[m] {
+			f.Agent = record.Account
+			if a, err := link.AskModuleToolOn(ctx, d.js.Conn(), agentModule, agentStatusTool, m, map[string]any{}, 10*time.Second); err == nil && a.Error == "" {
+				var status struct {
+					AgentAccount string `json:"agent_account"`
+				}
+				if json.Unmarshal(a.Result, &status) == nil && status.AgentAccount != "" {
+					f.Agent, f.AgentNamed = status.AgentAccount, true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !sudoOn[m] {
+			unread = append(unread, m+": the sudo module is not assigned there, so who can become root is not measured")
+			continue
+		}
+		var accounts []string
+		for _, a := range []string{f.Agent, f.Runtime} {
+			if a != "" && !slices.Contains(accounts, a) {
+				accounts = append(accounts, a)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(accounts) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		a, err := link.AskModuleToolOn(ctx, d.js.Conn(), sudoModule, sudoEscalation, m, map[string]any{"accounts": accounts}, 15*time.Second)
+		if err == nil && a.Error != "" {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("%s", a.Error)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			unread = append(unread, m+": "+err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+		var answers []escalation
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(a.Result, &answers); err != nil {
+			unread = append(unread, m+": the sudo module's answer could not be read: "+err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, e := range answers {
+			f.Answers[e.Account] = e
+		}
+		out = append(out, agentRootObservations(*f)...)
+	}
+	// Each machine whose measure failed is said as not measured, the same condition: never a pass.
+	for _, m := range machines {
+		var why []string
+		for _, u := range unread {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(u, m+": ") {
+				why = append(why, strings.TrimPrefix(u, m+": "))
+			}
+		}
+		if len(why) > 0 {
+			out = append(out, agentRootUnmeasured(*facts[m], strings.Join(why, "; ")))
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// agentRootUnmeasured is the condition of a machine where a trusted party runs and who can become root was
+// not measured: urgent, like a measured yes, because the router believes a proof only where it is a no.
+func agentRootUnmeasured(f agentRootFacts, why string) conditions.Observation {
+	trusted := append([]string(nil), f.Trusted...)
+	sort.Strings(trusted)
+	return conditions.Observation{Scope: conditions.ScopeMachine, ID: f.Machine, Token: kindAgentRoot,
+		Machine: f.Machine, Kind: kindAgentRoot, Severity: conditions.Urgent,
+		Summary: fmt.Sprintf("whether an agent can become root on %s without a person is not measured, where %s "+
+			"run as accounts of their own; until it is, the router approves nothing proven there (novox/hq ADR "+
+			"0259 §8): %s", f.Machine, strings.Join(trusted, ", "), why),
+		Headline: "Root not checked on " + f.Machine,
+		Needs:    "let the mesh check who can become root on " + f.Machine + ": assign the sudo module there, or bring it back.",
+		Explanation: "The modules that prove your answers from your phone run on " + f.Machine + ", and the mesh " +
+			"could not check whether a program working for you there can become root without asking you. Until " +
+			"it can, answers from your phone can only acknowledge.",
+		Resolved: "The mesh checks who can become root on " + f.Machine + " again"}
+}

cmd/mesh-controller/probe_agent_root_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-controller/internal/conditions"
+)
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0259 §8, rule 3: the probe fails today — agents run as the operator's account, which has
+// passwordless sudo, and the login shell runs their commands as it — and passes only once neither holds.
+func TestAnAgentAbleToBecomeRootWhereTheRouterRunsIsSaid(t *testing.T) {
+	root := escalation{Root: true, Why: "(ALL : ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL"}
+	none := escalation{Why: "no rule lets it without a password"}
+	base := func() agentRootFacts {
+		return agentRootFacts{Machine: "anchor", Trusted: []string{"telegram", "messenger"}, Runtime: "ops",
+			Answers: map[string]escalation{}}
+	}
+
+	today := base()
+	today.Agent, today.LoginShell = "ops", true
+	today.Answers["ops"] = root
+	got := agentRootObservations(today)
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0].Severity != conditions.Urgent || got[0].Kind != kindAgentRoot ||
+		!strings.Contains(got[0].Summary, "the operator's account") || !strings.Contains(got[0].Summary, "the login shell") {
+		t.Fatalf("today: %+v", got)
+	}
+
+	agentsMoved := base()
+	agentsMoved.Agent, agentsMoved.AgentNamed, agentsMoved.LoginShell = "agents", true, true
+	agentsMoved.Answers["agents"], agentsMoved.Answers["ops"] = none, root
+	if got := agentRootObservations(agentsMoved); len(got) != 1 || strings.Contains(got[0].Summary, "agents (") ||
+		!strings.Contains(got[0].Summary, "the login shell") {
+		t.Errorf("agents of their own account, the login shell still the runtime's: %+v", got)
+	}
+
+	closed := base()
+	closed.Agent, closed.AgentNamed = "agents", true
+	closed.Answers["agents"], closed.Answers["ops"] = none, root
+	if got := agentRootObservations(closed); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("agents of their own account and no login shell there: %+v", got)
+	}
+
+	noAgents := base()
+	noAgents.Answers["ops"] = root
+	if got := agentRootObservations(noAgents); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("no agent runs there and no login shell is held: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// Its words are plain, as every condition's are (novox/hq ADR 0253).
+func TestTheRootConditionIsSaidInPlainWords(t *testing.T) {
+	f := agentRootFacts{Machine: "anchor", Trusted: []string{"telegram"}, Runtime: "ops", Agent: "ops",
+		Answers: map[string]escalation{"ops": {Root: true, Why: "x"}}}
+	o := agentRootObservations(f)[0]
+	if why, ok := conditions.PlainWords(conditions.Words{Headline: o.Headline, Explanation: o.Explanation,
+		Needs: o.Needs, Resolved: o.Resolved}, "anchor"); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("not plain: %s", why)
+	}
+}
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0268: the login shell counts only where its execute is served, and fails closed — the holder's
+// setting resolving to anything but serve and the bus hearing no execute there is the one way it is withheld.
+func TestTheLoginShellCountsOnlyWhereExecuteIsServed(t *testing.T) {
+	val := func(v any) *any { return &v }
+	cases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		claims        bool
+		setting       *any
+		heard, asked  bool
+		served        bool
+		saysInTheWhys string
+	}{
+		{"withheld by the setting and silent on the bus", true, val("withhold"), false, true, false, ""},
+		{"withheld by the setting, the machine not yet pushed", true, val("withhold"), true, true, true, "the bus hears"},
+		{"the setting serves", true, val("serve"), false, true, true, "setting there is serve"},
+		{"a wrong value withholds, as the holder does", true, val("Serve"), false, true, false, ""},
+		{"the setting withholds, the bus could not be asked", true, val("withhold"), false, false, true, "could not be asked"},
+		{"a holder with no such setting that claims execute", true, nil, false, true, true, "claims execute"},
+		{"a holder with no such setting that does not claim it, heard all the same", false, nil, true, true, true, "the bus hears"},
+		{"a holder with no such setting that does not claim it, silent", false, nil, false, true, false, ""},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		served, why := loginShellServed("zsh", c.claims, c.setting, c.heard, c.asked)
+		if served != c.served || (c.saysInTheWhys != "" && !strings.Contains(why, c.saysInTheWhys)) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: served %v (%q), want %v saying %q", c.name, served, why, c.served, c.saysInTheWhys)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The control-node with execute withheld and agents of their own account: nothing is said.
+	f := agentRootFacts{Machine: "anchor", Trusted: []string{"telegram"}, Runtime: "ops", Agent: "agents", AgentNamed: true,
+		Answers: map[string]escalation{"ops": {Root: true, Why: "NOPASSWD"}, "agents": {Why: "none"}}}
+	f.LoginShell, f.LoginShellWhy = loginShellServed("zsh", true, val("withhold"), false, true)
+	if got := agentRootObservations(f); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("execute withheld and agents confined: %+v", got)
+	}
+	// Withheld in the setting, still answered on the bus: said, with why.
+	f.LoginShell, f.LoginShellWhy = loginShellServed("zsh", true, val("withhold"), true, true)
+	if got := agentRootObservations(f); len(got) != 1 || !strings.Contains(got[0].Summary, "the bus hears execute answered there") {
+		t.Errorf("execute still answered: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// hq ADR 0259 §8 as amended on 2026-10-09: a machine where a trusted party runs and who can become root is not
+// measured raises the same urgent condition, so the router, which reads the condition, approves nothing there.
+func TestRootNotMeasuredWhereTheRouterRunsIsSaidAndNeverAPass(t *testing.T) {
+	o := agentRootUnmeasured(agentRootFacts{Machine: "anchor", Trusted: []string{"telegram", "messenger"}},
+		"the sudo module is not assigned there, so who can become root is not measured")
+	if o.Kind != kindAgentRoot || o.Severity != conditions.Urgent || o.Machine != "anchor" ||
+		!strings.Contains(o.Summary, "not measured") || !strings.Contains(o.Summary, "messenger, telegram") {
+		t.Errorf("%+v", o)
+	}
+	if why, ok := conditions.PlainWords(conditions.Words{Headline: o.Headline, Explanation: o.Explanation,
+		Needs: o.Needs, Resolved: o.Resolved}, "anchor"); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("not plain: %s", why)
+	}
+	// The same key as a measured yes, so the router's one rule reads both.
+	measured := agentRootObservations(agentRootFacts{Machine: "anchor", Trusted: []string{"telegram"}, Runtime: "ops",
+		Agent: "ops", Answers: map[string]escalation{"ops": {Root: true, Why: "x"}}})[0]
+	if o.Key() != measured.Key() {
+		t.Errorf("keys differ: %s, %s", o.Key(), measured.Key())
+	}
+}

cmd/mesh-controller/probes.go

@@ -637,31 +637,8 @@ const (
 // discoverHolders asks the bus's discovery who serves what, and answers seat → machine for every
 // endpoint a seat's verb is served on.
 func discoverHolders(ctx context.Context, conn *nats.Conn) (map[string]map[string]bool, error) {
-	inbox := conn.NewRespInbox()
-	sub, err := conn.SubscribeSync(inbox)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer func() { _ = sub.Unsubscribe() }()
-	if err := conn.PublishRequest("$SRV.INFO", inbox, nil); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("asking the bus who serves what: %w", err)
-	}
 	out := map[string]map[string]bool{}
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(discoveryPatience)
+	err := discoverServices(ctx, conn, func(info micro.Info) {
-	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
-		wait, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, discoveryQuiet)
-		msg, err := sub.NextMsgWithContext(wait)
-		cancel()
-		if err != nil {
-			if ctx.Err() != nil {
-				return nil, ctx.Err()
-			}
-			break
-		}
-		var info micro.Info
-		if json.Unmarshal(msg.Data, &info) != nil {
-			continue
-		}
 		for _, e := range info.Endpoints {
 			seat, node := e.Metadata["seat"], e.Metadata["node"]
 			if seat == "" {
@@ -680,8 +657,69 @@ func discoverHolders(ctx context.Context, conn *nats.Conn) (map[string]map[strin
 			out[info.Name] = map[string]bool{}
 		}
 		out[info.Name][info.ID] = true
+	})
+	return out, err
+}
+
+// discoverSeatVerbs asks the bus's discovery the same, one level finer: seat → verb → machine, for every
+// seat verb answered (an endpoint's `tool` is its verb). A seat held where a verb is withheld (novox/hq ADR
+// 0268) shows the seat and not that verb.
+func discoverSeatVerbs(ctx context.Context, conn *nats.Conn) (map[string]map[string]map[string]bool, error) {
+	out := map[string]map[string]map[string]bool{}
+	err := discoverServices(ctx, conn, func(info micro.Info) {
+		for _, e := range info.Endpoints {
+			seat, verb, node := e.Metadata["seat"], e.Metadata["tool"], e.Metadata["node"]
+			if seat == "" || verb == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if node == "" {
+				node = info.ID
+			}
+			if out[seat] == nil {
+				out[seat] = map[string]map[string]bool{}
+			}
+			if out[seat][verb] == nil {
+				out[seat][verb] = map[string]bool{}
+			}
+			out[seat][verb][node] = true
+		}
+	})
+	return out, err
+}
+
+// discoverServices asks the bus's discovery once and hands every service's answer to visit, waiting
+// discoveryQuiet after the last and discoveryPatience at the most.
+func discoverServices(ctx context.Context, conn *nats.Conn, visit func(micro.Info)) error {
+	if conn == nil {
+		return errors.New("the controller holds no connection to the bus")
 	}
-	return out, nil
+	inbox := conn.NewRespInbox()
+	sub, err := conn.SubscribeSync(inbox)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = sub.Unsubscribe() }()
+	if err := conn.PublishRequest("$SRV.INFO", inbox, nil); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("asking the bus who serves what: %w", err)
+	}
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(discoveryPatience)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		wait, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, discoveryQuiet)
+		msg, err := sub.NextMsgWithContext(wait)
+		cancel()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return ctx.Err()
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		var info micro.Info
+		if json.Unmarshal(msg.Data, &info) != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		visit(info)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // probeArchives is D4: every archive the mesh keeps is held by its manifest in the artifact store.

cmd/mesh-controller/seats.go

@@ -135,6 +135,12 @@ func handOver(ctx context.Context, seatName, to string, adding bool) error {
 	if !ok || nodeName == "" || module == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("the new holder is named <node>/<module>, not %q", to)
 	}
+	// A kinded bench is held once per kind, by the claims themselves (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2, ADR 0259): the
+	// record of who holds a seat has no kind, so a handover would name one holder for every kind.
+	if catalogue.KindedBenches[seatName] {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is a kinded bench: each kind is held by the module claiming it, and is not handed "+
+			"over by `seat` — assign the module that claims the kind, or unassign the one that does", seatName)
+	}
 	open, err := openStores(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

cmd/mesh-controller/seats_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/novox/mesh-controller/internal/catalogue"
@@ -62,3 +64,13 @@ func TestAClaimOutsideTheSetIsShownNotHidden(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("a claim outside the set was not shown: %+v", outside)
 	}
 }
+
+// A kinded bench is not handed over by `seat`: each kind is held by its claim (novox/hq ADR 0259).
+func TestAKindedBenchIsNotHandedOver(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, bench := range []string{"channel", "intake"} {
+		err := handOver(context.Background(), bench, "anchor/telegram", false)
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "is a kinded bench") {
+			t.Errorf("%s: %v", bench, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/broker/derived.go

@@ -126,7 +126,9 @@ func ConsumerFor(p Principal) (Consumer, bool) {
 	// A module that reacts to anything — a module's events or a role's (novox/hq ADR 0121). Watching
 	// a role was missing here, so the one module that does it got no consumer at all: it started,
 	// connected, and its graph stayed empty with nothing anywhere reporting why.
-	if p.Kind != KindModule || (len(p.Consumes) == 0 && len(p.Watches) == 0) {
+	// And one that hears its own answers on a seat it uses (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3): an asker's warrants.
+	hearsItsOwn := len(SeatTrafficOf(p.Module, nil, p.Uses, nil).Subscribe) > 0
+	if p.Kind != KindModule || (len(p.Consumes) == 0 && len(p.Watches) == 0 && !hearsItsOwn) {
 		return Consumer{}, false
 	}
 	perms, err := PermissionsFor(p)

internal/broker/membership.go

@@ -50,6 +50,12 @@ type Membership struct {
 	// and refuses, with the reason, what is not on it — the bus enforces only the union over every
 	// module on the machine.
 	State []StateIssued `json:"state,omitempty"`
+	// SeatTraffic is what this module's code may submit, say, hear, take, ask, answer and read on seats
+	// that name their caller or their kind (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3). The runtime carrying the module
+	// publishes, takes and answers for it only what is listed here: the bus enforces only the union
+	// over every module on the machine, so one module's code reaching another's name or kind through
+	// the runtime is the runtime's to refuse.
+	SeatTraffic *SeatTraffic `json:"seat-traffic,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Served is one address a tool is answered on.
@@ -78,6 +84,8 @@ type Placements struct {
 	// Interchangeable is each module whose definition says its instances are the same anywhere,
 	// so the module's plain subject is issued to all of them in one queue.
 	Interchangeable map[string]bool
+	// Kinds is every kind held of a kinded bench, by whom and with what capabilities (ADR 0259 §5).
+	Kinds []KindHeld
 }
 
 // AnswersForTheModule says whether an instance of a module on one machine is issued the module's
@@ -109,6 +117,20 @@ func MembershipFor(node string, d Declared, where Placements) Membership {
 		}
 	}
 	m.State = stateIssuedFor(d, node)
+	t := SeatTrafficOf(d.Module, d.Holds, d.Uses, d.Watches)
+	for _, s := range append(append([]Seat{}, d.Uses...), d.Watches...) {
+		if !s.Kinded {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, k := range where.Kinds {
+			if k.Seat == s.Name && !kindListed(t.Kinds, k) {
+				t.Kinds = append(t.Kinds, k)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(t.Publish)+len(t.Subscribe)+len(t.Answers)+len(t.Workers)+len(t.Records)+len(t.Kinds) > 0 {
+		m.SeatTraffic = &t
+	}
 	if len(d.Invokes) > 0 {
 		m.Reaches = map[string][]string{}
 		for _, t := range d.Invokes {
@@ -145,5 +167,48 @@ func PlacementsOf(r Records, interchangeable map[string]bool) Placements {
 	for _, nodes := range p.Nodes {
 		sort.Strings(nodes)
 	}
+	for node, declared := range r.Assigned {
+		for _, d := range declared {
+			for _, s := range d.Holds {
+				if s.Kinded && s.Kind != "" {
+					p.Kinds = append(p.Kinds, KindHeld{Seat: s.Name, Kind: s.Kind, Module: d.Module, Node: node,
+						Capabilities: placedCapabilities(s.Capabilities, d.RunsAs)})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(p.Kinds, func(i, j int) bool {
+		a, b := p.Kinds[i], p.Kinds[j]
+		if a.Seat != b.Seat {
+			return a.Seat < b.Seat
+		}
+		if a.Kind != b.Kind {
+			return a.Kind < b.Kind
+		}
+		return a.Node < b.Node
+	})
 	return p
 }
+
+// placedCapabilities is what a kind's claim promises, as far as its placement lets the router believe it
+// (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): `verified-sender` only from a holder that runs as an account of its own, on a bus
+// account of its own — never one the machine's runtime carries as the operator's account.
+func placedCapabilities(declared []string, runsAs string) []string {
+	var out []string
+	for _, c := range declared {
+		if c == "verified-sender" && runsAs == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, c)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func kindListed(list []KindHeld, k KindHeld) bool {
+	for _, x := range list {
+		if x.Seat == k.Seat && x.Kind == k.Kind && x.Module == k.Module && x.Node == k.Node {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

internal/broker/nats.go

@@ -63,6 +63,23 @@ type Seat struct {
 	Emits    []string
 	Serves   []string
 	Versions []string // protocol versions served beside the current one; empty for v1 only
+
+	// Kinded says the seat is a kinded bench (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2, ADR 0259 §3): each holder claims one
+	// kind, and its verbs' subjects carry it. Kind is the kind this principal's claim names, for a seat it
+	// holds.
+	Kinded bool
+	Kind   string
+	// ByCaller are the accepts and emits whose last token names the calling module (ADR 0259 §3).
+	ByCaller []string
+	// Proofs are the seat's proof verbs: core request and reply, never on a stream (ADR 0259 §3).
+	Proofs []string
+	// Records are the holder's buckets, by their full name, each user reads under its own name.
+	Records []string
+	// Capabilities are what this principal's claim of a kinded bench promises (ADR 0234 §2).
+	Capabilities []string
+	// DeclaredBy is the module that declares the seat. On a kinded bench it alone submits work to a kind
+	// and answers its proofs (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): the router, not any user or watcher of the bench.
+	DeclaredBy string
 }
 
 // A Principal is one user of the bus. Its permissions are derived from what it declares and
@@ -530,6 +547,9 @@ func PermissionsFor(p Principal) (Permissions, error) {
 		// 2b. Events of a role it watches, under the seat's own namespace. Subscribe only: watching a
 		//     role is hearing what it announced, not taking part in it.
 		for _, w := range p.Watches {
+			if w.Kinded {
+				continue // composed by SeatTrafficOf below
+			}
 			for _, e := range w.Emits {
 				sub = append(sub, seatSubject(w, "event", e))
 			}
@@ -548,6 +568,13 @@ func PermissionsFor(p Principal) (Permissions, error) {
 
 		// 3. Seats it holds: full participation.
 		for _, s := range p.Holds {
+			if s.isNewTraffic() {
+				// Composed by SeatTrafficOf below, worker and all; only its tools are served here.
+				for _, t := range s.Serves {
+					sub = append(sub, seatToolSubject(s, t, p.Node))
+				}
+				continue
+			}
 			// Taking work from the role's queue: the worker consumer every holder shares (asked
 			// about, pulled from, acknowledged), on the seat's own stream (novox/hq ADR 0190). A
 			// holder pulls — asks the consumer for its next message, answered on its own inbox —
@@ -590,7 +617,7 @@ func PermissionsFor(p Principal) (Permissions, error) {
 		//    seat's inbound subject and watch other modules' traffic, nor publish its outbound
 		//    events and lie about outcomes (design 29 §2).
 		for _, s := range p.Uses {
-			for _, a := range s.Accepts {
+			for _, a := range plainVerbs(s, s.Accepts) {
 				pub = append(pub, seatSubject(s, "accept", a))
 			}
 			for _, t := range s.Serves {
@@ -603,6 +630,12 @@ func PermissionsFor(p Principal) (Permissions, error) {
 		pub = append(pub, stateGrants(stateAccess{Module: p.Module, Node: p.Node, Keeps: p.State,
 			PerMachine: p.PerMachine, Reads: p.Reads, KeyedReads: p.KeyedReads})...)
 
+		// 6. Its traffic on seats that name their caller or their kind, ask proofs or keep records
+		//    (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3).
+		tp, ts := SeatTrafficOf(p.Module, p.Holds, p.Uses, p.Watches).grants()
+		pub = append(pub, tp...)
+		sub = append(sub, ts...)
+
 	case KindNodeTools:
 		// **One process serves what every module on the machine would have served for itself**
 		// (novox/hq ADR 0175). Each carried module's whole tool namespace — the same grant that
@@ -680,6 +713,25 @@ func PermissionsFor(p Principal) (Permissions, error) {
 			pub = append(pub, stateGrants(stateAccess{Module: d.Module, Node: p.Node, Keeps: stateNames(d.State),
 				PerMachine: perMachineNames(d.State), Reads: d.Reads, KeyedReads: d.KeyedReads})...)
 		}
+		// **Never the traffic of a trusted holder** (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): the machine's runtime runs as the
+		// operator's account, which every agent runs as, so a module saying warrants or speaking for a kind
+		// that proves its sender is never composed into it — refused here, naming it, whatever registration
+		// let through.
+		for _, d := range p.Carries {
+			if why := trustedTraffic(d); why != "" {
+				return Permissions{}, fmt.Errorf("%s on %s is carried by the machine's runtime, and %s: it runs "+
+					"as an account of its own, never the runtime's (novox/hq ADR 0259)", d.Module, p.Node, why)
+			}
+		}
+		// **And the seat traffic of the modules it carries** (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3): a bundle reaches the
+		// bus only through its runtime, so the runtime is granted the union. That one module's code does
+		// not publish under another's name or kind through it is the runtime's to keep, from the seat
+		// traffic each module's membership lists.
+		for _, d := range p.Carries {
+			tp, ts := SeatTrafficOf(d.Module, d.Holds, d.Uses, d.Watches).grants()
+			pub = append(pub, tp...)
+			sub = append(sub, ts...)
+		}
 		sub = unique(sub)
 		pub = unique(pub)
 	}

internal/broker/seattraffic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+package broker
+
+import "sort"
+
+// What a module may say and take on the seats it holds, uses and watches, beyond tools (novox/hq ADR
+// 0259 §3, to-be 46 §10).
+//
+// Three rules are added to the ones a seat always had, each a subject whose last token names who may
+// publish it, granted to that publisher alone — the way a node seat's event about a machine carries the
+// machine (ADR 0219):
+//
+//   - **A verb named by its caller** (`by-caller`). A user of the seat submits that accept, and hears that
+//     event, under its own module's name and no other: `accept.ask.<module>`, `event.decided.<module>`. The
+//     holder takes every caller's accept and says the event to any caller. So an ask's asker is a fact the
+//     server enforces, and a warrant reaches only the asker it is for.
+//   - **A kinded bench** (ADR 0234 §2). A holder claims one kind and takes its own kind's accepts, says its
+//     own kind's events and asks its own kind's proofs, and nothing of another kind; a user submits to any
+//     kind. Each kind has its own worker on the seat's queue, so a holder that is away keeps its work and
+//     holds up no other kind.
+//   - **A proof** (`proofs`): core request and reply on `mesh.seat.<seat>.proof.<verb>.<kind>`. No stream's
+//     subjects cover it, so what travels there — a code typed by the operator — is never persisted. A kinded
+//     holder asks with its own kind; the modules that watch the seat answer.
+//
+// And one read: **a holder's records**, a bucket the seat names, read by each user under its own name only
+// (`$KV.<bucket>.<module>.>`), so an asker reads the state of its own asks and no other asker's.
+
+// Worker is one durable consumer a holder pulls a seat's work from.
+type Worker struct {
+	Stream   string
+	Consumer string
+	Filter   string
+}
+
+// SeatTraffic is one module's seat traffic beyond tools. Publish and Subscribe are subject patterns, in the
+// server's wildcards; the runtime that carries the module checks a bundle's request against them, since
+// the runtime's own principal holds the union of every module it carries.
+type SeatTraffic struct {
+	// Publish is what it submits (accepts of seats it uses), says (events of seats it holds) and asks
+	// (proofs of seats it holds a kind of).
+	Publish []string `json:"publish,omitempty"`
+	// Subscribe is what it hears: events of seats it uses that are named by caller, events of seats it
+	// watches, and accepts of seats it holds.
+	Subscribe []string `json:"subscribe,omitempty"`
+	// Answers is the proof subjects it answers, as a watcher of a kinded seat.
+	Answers []string `json:"answers,omitempty"`
+	// Workers are the work queues it takes from, as a holder.
+	Workers []Worker `json:"workers,omitempty"`
+	// Records is the direct-get subjects of the records it reads under its own name.
+	Records []string `json:"records,omitempty"`
+	// Kinds are the holders of every kinded bench it uses or watches, with what each promises: the one
+	// account of which channel is which, and what it can carry, that the router judges an answer by. The
+	// controller's, from the claims, never a channel's word (novox/hq ADR 0259 §5).
+	Kinds []KindHeld `json:"kinds,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// KindHeld is one kind of a kinded bench and who holds it.
+type KindHeld struct {
+	Seat         string   `json:"seat"`
+	Kind         string   `json:"kind"`
+	Module       string   `json:"module"`
+	Node         string   `json:"node"`
+	Capabilities []string `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// KindedBenches are the seats that may be kinded (ADR 0234 §2): making another is a decision, recorded.
+var KindedBenches = map[string]bool{"channel": true, "intake": true}
+
+// WorkerName is the worker a seat's holders pull from: one for the seat, or one per kind on a kinded bench.
+func WorkerName(seat, kind string) string {
+	if kind == "" {
+		return "SEAT_" + upperSnake(seat) + "_worker"
+	}
+	return "SEAT_" + upperSnake(seat) + "_" + upperSnake(kind) + "_worker"
+}
+
+func namesVerb(list []string, s string) bool {
+	for _, x := range list {
+		if x == s {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// SeatTrafficOf derives one module's seat traffic from the seats it holds, uses and watches. Only seats
+// carrying one of the rules above are read: every other seat is composed as it always was.
+func SeatTrafficOf(module string, holds, uses, watches []Seat) SeatTraffic {
+	var t SeatTraffic
+	for _, s := range holds {
+		if !s.isNewTraffic() {
+			continue
+		}
+		kind := ""
+		if s.Kinded {
+			kind = s.Kind
+			if kind == "" || !safeSubject.MatchString(kind) {
+				// A kinded claim without a usable kind is refused at registration; here it is granted
+				// nothing, which is the same answer at the last place it could be asked.
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		if len(s.Accepts) > 0 {
+			stream := seatStreamName(s.Name)
+			filter := "mesh.seat." + s.Name + ".accept.>"
+			if kind != "" {
+				filter = "mesh.seat." + s.Name + ".accept.*." + kind
+			}
+			t.Workers = append(t.Workers, Worker{Stream: stream, Consumer: WorkerName(s.Name, kind), Filter: filter})
+		}
+		for _, a := range s.Accepts {
+			switch {
+			case kind != "":
+				t.Subscribe = append(t.Subscribe, seatSubject(s, "accept", a+"."+kind))
+			case namesVerb(s.ByCaller, a):
+				t.Subscribe = append(t.Subscribe, seatSubject(s, "accept", a+".*"))
+			}
+		}
+		for _, e := range s.Emits {
+			switch {
+			case kind != "":
+				t.Publish = append(t.Publish, seatSubject(s, "event", e+"."+kind))
+			case namesVerb(s.ByCaller, e):
+				t.Publish = append(t.Publish, seatSubject(s, "event", e+".*"))
+			}
+		}
+		if kind != "" {
+			for _, v := range s.Proofs {
+				t.Publish = append(t.Publish, seatSubject(s, "proof", v+"."+kind))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, s := range uses {
+		if !s.isNewTraffic() {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, a := range s.Accepts {
+			switch {
+			case namesVerb(s.ByCaller, a):
+				t.Publish = append(t.Publish, seatSubject(s, "accept", a+"."+module))
+			case s.Kinded && module == s.DeclaredBy:
+				// Work for a kind is put on its queue by the bench's own router, and by no other user.
+				t.Publish = append(t.Publish, seatSubject(s, "accept", a+".*"))
+			}
+		}
+		for _, e := range s.Emits {
+			if namesVerb(s.ByCaller, e) {
+				t.Subscribe = append(t.Subscribe, seatSubject(s, "event", e+"."+module))
+			}
+		}
+		for _, b := range s.Records {
+			if !safeSubject.MatchString(b) {
+				continue
+			}
+			t.Records = append(t.Records, "$JS.API.DIRECT.GET.KV_"+b+".$KV."+b+"."+module+".>")
+		}
+	}
+	for _, w := range watches {
+		if w.Kinded {
+			for _, e := range w.Emits {
+				t.Subscribe = append(t.Subscribe, seatSubject(w, "event", e+".*"))
+			}
+			if module == w.DeclaredBy {
+				// A code is answered by the bench's own router, and by no other watcher.
+				for _, v := range w.Proofs {
+					t.Answers = append(t.Answers, seatSubject(w, "proof", v+".*"))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	t.Publish = unique(t.Publish)
+	t.Subscribe = unique(t.Subscribe)
+	t.Answers = unique(t.Answers)
+	t.Records = unique(t.Records)
+	sort.Slice(t.Workers, func(i, j int) bool { return t.Workers[i].Consumer < t.Workers[j].Consumer })
+	return t
+}
+
+// grants is the bus permissions seat traffic needs: the subjects themselves, and the JetStream API a
+// worker is pulled and acknowledged through and a record is read through.
+func (t SeatTraffic) grants() (pub, sub []string) {
+	pub = append(pub, t.Publish...)
+	sub = append(sub, t.Subscribe...)
+	sub = append(sub, t.Answers...)
+	for _, w := range t.Workers {
+		pub = append(pub,
+			"$JS.API.CONSUMER.INFO."+w.Stream+"."+w.Consumer,
+			"$JS.API.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT."+w.Stream+"."+w.Consumer,
+			"$JS.ACK."+w.Stream+"."+w.Consumer+".>")
+	}
+	pub = append(pub, t.Records...)
+	return pub, sub
+}
+
+// isNewTraffic says whether a seat carries any of the rules above, so a seat that carries none is
+// composed exactly as before them.
+func (s Seat) isNewTraffic() bool {
+	return s.Kinded || len(s.ByCaller) > 0 || len(s.Proofs) > 0 || len(s.Records) > 0
+}
+
+// plainVerbs is a seat's accepts or emits with those the rules above compose taken out: a verb named by
+// its caller and every verb of a kinded bench are composed by SeatTrafficOf and nowhere else.
+func plainVerbs(s Seat, verbs []string) []string {
+	if s.Kinded {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var out []string
+	for _, v := range verbs {
+		if !namesVerb(s.ByCaller, v) {
+			out = append(out, v)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// SeatTrafficObjects is the work queues and workers the seat traffic of every composed user implies
+// (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3): a queue for each seat a holder takes work from, and each holder's worker on it —
+// one per kind on a kinded bench, filtered to that kind, so the kinds never take each other's work. Only
+// seats carrying the rules above; the mesh's own seats' queues are RaiseSeats'.
+func SeatTrafficObjects(users []Principal) ([]Stream, []Consumer) {
+	streams := map[string]Stream{}
+	consumers := map[string]Consumer{}
+	add := func(module string, holds []Seat) {
+		for _, w := range SeatTrafficOf(module, holds, nil, nil).Workers {
+			seat := ""
+			for _, s := range holds {
+				if seatStreamName(s.Name) == w.Stream {
+					seat = s.Name
+				}
+			}
+			streams[w.Stream] = Stream{
+				Name:      w.Stream,
+				Subjects:  []string{"mesh.seat." + seat + ".accept.>"},
+				Retention: RetentionWorkQueue,
+				MaxAge:    7 * 24 * 60 * 60,
+				Why:       "work submitted to the " + seat + " seat; its holders take it, each kind its own, and it queues while nobody does",
+			}
+			consumers[w.Consumer] = Consumer{
+				Name:           w.Consumer,
+				Stream:         w.Stream,
+				Filters:        []string{w.Filter},
+				AckWaitSeconds: 60,
+				// No bound on redelivery: a channel away for a day keeps its work, offered again later and
+				// later by its holder's runtime (novox/hq ADR 0259; the correctness review of 2026-10-08).
+				MaxDeliver: 0,
+				Why: module + " holds " + seat + "; it pulls one ask at a time and acknowledges once it has " +
+					"recorded it, so a crash redelivers rather than loses",
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range users {
+		switch p.Kind {
+		case KindModule:
+			add(p.Module, p.Holds)
+		case KindNodeTools:
+			for _, d := range p.Carries {
+				add(d.Module, d.Holds)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	var ss []Stream
+	for _, s := range streams {
+		ss = append(ss, s)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(ss, func(i, j int) bool { return ss[i].Name < ss[j].Name })
+	var cs []Consumer
+	for _, c := range consumers {
+		cs = append(cs, c)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(cs, func(i, j int) bool { return cs[i].Name < cs[j].Name })
+	return ss, cs
+}
+
+// trustedTraffic is why a module's seat traffic is the trusted holder's (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8), or "": it
+// says a seat's event to one caller each (a warrant), or holds a kind of a kinded bench that proves its sender.
+func trustedTraffic(d Declared) string {
+	for _, s := range d.Holds {
+		for _, e := range s.Emits {
+			if namesVerb(s.ByCaller, e) {
+				return "it says " + s.Name + "'s " + e + " to one caller each"
+			}
+		}
+		if s.Kinded && namesVerb(s.Capabilities, "verified-sender") {
+			return "it holds " + s.Name + " of kind " + s.Kind + ", which proves its sender"
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// TrafficQueues is the work queue of every seat naming its caller or its kind that accepts work, held or not
+// (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3): what is submitted before a holder is assigned waits for it.
+func TrafficQueues(seats []Seat) []Stream {
+	var out []Stream
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, s := range seats {
+		if len(s.Accepts) == 0 || !s.isNewTraffic() || seen[s.Name] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[s.Name] = true
+		out = append(out, Stream{Name: seatStreamName(s.Name), Subjects: []string{"mesh.seat." + s.Name + ".accept.>"},
+			Retention: RetentionWorkQueue, MaxAge: 7 * 24 * 60 * 60,
+			Why: "work submitted to the " + s.Name + " seat; its holders take it, each kind its own, and it queues while nobody does"})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].Name < out[j].Name })
+	return out
+}

internal/broker/seattraffic_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+package broker
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The seats of novox/hq ADR 0259 §3, as the messenger declares them.
+func operatorChannel() Seat {
+	return Seat{Name: "operator-channel", Scope: "mesh", Accepts: []string{"ask", "cancel"},
+		Emits: []string{"decided"}, Serves: []string{"open", "history", "notify"},
+		ByCaller: []string{"ask", "cancel", "decided"}, Records: []string{"messenger_asks"}}
+}
+
+func channelSeat(kind string) Seat {
+	return Seat{Name: "channel", Scope: "mesh", Accepts: []string{"show", "edit", "send"}, Kinded: true, Kind: kind,
+		DeclaredBy: "messenger"}
+}
+
+func intakeSeat(kind string) Seat {
+	return Seat{Name: "intake", Scope: "mesh", Emits: []string{"choice", "link"}, Proofs: []string{"code"},
+		Kinded: true, Kind: kind, DeclaredBy: "messenger"}
+}
+
+func allowed(patterns []string, subject string) bool {
+	for _, p := range patterns {
+		if subjectMatches(p, subject) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func perms(t *testing.T, p Principal) Permissions {
+	t.Helper()
+	got, err := PermissionsFor(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return got
+}
+
+func TestAnAskerAsksAndHearsUnderItsOwnNameOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	asker := Principal{Kind: KindModule, Node: "anchor", Module: "mesh-delivery", Uses: []Seat{operatorChannel()}}
+	got := perms(t, asker)
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.ask.mesh-delivery",
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.cancel.mesh-delivery",
+		"$JS.API.DIRECT.GET.KV_messenger_asks.$KV.messenger_asks.mesh-delivery.a1",
+	} {
+		if !allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("an asker may not publish %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.ask.mesh-controller",
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.ask.*",
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-delivery",
+		"$JS.API.DIRECT.GET.KV_messenger_asks.$KV.messenger_asks.mesh-controller.a1",
+		"$KV.messenger_asks.mesh-delivery.a1",
+	} {
+		if allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("an asker may publish %s, which is not its own to submit", s)
+		}
+	}
+	if !allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-delivery") {
+		t.Error("an asker does not hear its own warrants")
+	}
+	if allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-controller") {
+		t.Error("an asker hears another asker's warrants")
+	}
+	// And its own consumer carries its warrants, so a restart catches up.
+	c, ok := ConsumerFor(asker)
+	if !ok || !allowed(c.Filters, "mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-delivery") {
+		t.Errorf("the asker's consumer does not carry its warrants: %v", c.Filters)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOnlyTheHolderPublishesAWarrant(t *testing.T) {
+	users, err := Users(Records{
+		Nodes: []string{"anchor"},
+		Assigned: map[string][]Declared{"anchor": {
+			{Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}, Uses: []Seat{channelSeat("")},
+				Watches: []Seat{{Name: "intake", Emits: []string{"choice", "link"}, Kinded: true, Proofs: []string{"code"}, DeclaredBy: "messenger"}}},
+			{Module: "mesh-delivery", Uses: []Seat{operatorChannel()}},
+			{Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("telegram"), intakeSeat("telegram")}},
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, u := range users {
+		got := perms(t, u)
+		says := allowed(got.Publish, "mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-delivery")
+		if says != (u.Module == "messenger") {
+			t.Errorf("%s %s publish a warrant", u.Username(), map[bool]string{true: "may", false: "may not"}[says])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTheHolderTakesEveryCallersAskThroughItsWorker(t *testing.T) {
+	got := perms(t, Principal{Kind: KindModule, Node: "anchor", Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}})
+	if !allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.ask.mesh-delivery") {
+		t.Error("the router does not take an ask")
+	}
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"$JS.API.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.SEAT_OPERATOR_CHANNEL.SEAT_OPERATOR_CHANNEL_worker",
+		"$JS.ACK.SEAT_OPERATOR_CHANNEL.SEAT_OPERATOR_CHANNEL_worker.x",
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-controller",
+	} {
+		if !allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("the router may not publish %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+	if allowed(got.Publish, "mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.ask.messenger") {
+		t.Error("the holder may ask its own seat without using it")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAKindedHolderReachesItsOwnKindAndNoOther(t *testing.T) {
+	got := perms(t, Principal{Kind: KindModule, Node: "anchor", Module: "telegram",
+		Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("telegram"), intakeSeat("telegram")}})
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.telegram", "mesh.seat.intake.event.link.telegram",
+		"mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.telegram",
+		"$JS.API.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.SEAT_CHANNEL.SEAT_CHANNEL_TELEGRAM_worker",
+	} {
+		if !allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("telegram may not publish %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.desktop", "mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.desktop",
+		"mesh.seat.channel.accept.show.telegram",
+		"$JS.API.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.SEAT_CHANNEL.SEAT_CHANNEL_DESKTOP_worker",
+		"mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-delivery",
+	} {
+		if allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("telegram may publish %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+	if !allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.channel.accept.show.telegram") ||
+		allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.channel.accept.show.desktop") {
+		t.Error("telegram does not take exactly its own kind's work")
+	}
+	if allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.telegram") {
+		t.Error("a channel answers its own proofs")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTheWatcherAnswersProofsAndHearsEveryKind(t *testing.T) {
+	got := perms(t, Principal{Kind: KindModule, Node: "anchor", Module: "messenger",
+		Uses:    []Seat{channelSeat("")},
+		Watches: []Seat{{Name: "intake", Emits: []string{"choice"}, Kinded: true, Proofs: []string{"code"}, DeclaredBy: "messenger"}}})
+	for _, s := range []string{"mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.telegram", "mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.desktop"} {
+		if !allowed(got.Subscribe, s) {
+			t.Errorf("the router does not hear %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+	if !allowed(got.Publish, "mesh.seat.channel.accept.show.telegram") {
+		t.Error("the router cannot send a channel its work")
+	}
+	if allowed(got.Publish, "mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.telegram") || allowed(got.Publish, "mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.telegram") {
+		t.Error("the router may say a channel's answer or proof")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNoStreamKeepsAProof(t *testing.T) {
+	users, _ := Users(Records{Nodes: []string{"anchor"}, Assigned: map[string][]Declared{"anchor": {
+		{Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("telegram"), intakeSeat("telegram")}},
+		{Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}},
+	}}})
+	streams, _ := SeatTrafficObjects(users)
+	streams = append(streams, MeshStreams()...)
+	for _, s := range streams {
+		for _, subject := range s.Subjects {
+			if subjectMatches(subject, "mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.telegram") {
+				t.Errorf("%s keeps a proof (%s)", s.Name, subject)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEachKindHasAWorkerOfItsOwn(t *testing.T) {
+	users, _ := Users(Records{Nodes: []string{"anchor"}, Assigned: map[string][]Declared{"anchor": {
+		{Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("telegram")}},
+		{Module: "desk-channel", Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("desktop")}},
+		{Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}},
+	}}})
+	streams, workers := SeatTrafficObjects(users)
+	names := map[string]string{}
+	for _, w := range workers {
+		names[w.Name] = strings.Join(w.Filters, ",")
+	}
+	want := map[string]string{
+		"SEAT_CHANNEL_TELEGRAM_worker": "mesh.seat.channel.accept.*.telegram",
+		"SEAT_CHANNEL_DESKTOP_worker":  "mesh.seat.channel.accept.*.desktop",
+		"SEAT_OPERATOR_CHANNEL_worker": "mesh.seat.operator-channel.accept.>",
+	}
+	for n, f := range want {
+		if names[n] != f {
+			t.Errorf("worker %s filters %q, want %q", n, names[n], f)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(streams) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("want the queues of channel and operator-channel, got %v", streams)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTheRuntimeIsGrantedTheUnionAndTheMembershipEachModulesShare(t *testing.T) {
+	telegram := Declared{Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("telegram"), intakeSeat("telegram")}}
+	desk := Declared{Module: "desk-channel", Holds: []Seat{channelSeat("desktop"), intakeSeat("desktop")}}
+	got := perms(t, Principal{Kind: KindNodeTools, Node: "anchor", Module: RuntimeModule, Carries: []Declared{telegram, desk}})
+	for _, s := range []string{"mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.telegram", "mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.desktop"} {
+		if !allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("the runtime may not publish %s for a module it carries", s)
+		}
+	}
+	m := MembershipFor("anchor", telegram, Placements{})
+	if m.SeatTraffic == nil || !allowed(m.SeatTraffic.Publish, "mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.telegram") ||
+		allowed(m.SeatTraffic.Publish, "mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.desktop") {
+		t.Errorf("telegram's membership does not list exactly its own kind: %+v", m.SeatTraffic)
+	}
+	if plain := MembershipFor("anchor", Declared{Module: "plain"}, Placements{}); plain.SeatTraffic != nil {
+		t.Error("a module with no such seat is given seat traffic")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestASeatWithoutTheNewRulesIsComposedAsBefore(t *testing.T) {
+	old := Seat{Name: "node-build-agent", Scope: "node", Accepts: []string{"build"}, Emits: []string{"built"}}
+	got := perms(t, Principal{Kind: KindModule, Node: "anchor", Module: "builder", Holds: []Seat{old}})
+	for _, s := range []string{"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.event.built",
+		"$JS.API.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.SEAT_NODE_BUILD_AGENT.SEAT_NODE_BUILD_AGENT_worker"} {
+		if !allowed(got.Publish, s) {
+			t.Errorf("an old seat's holder lost %s", s)
+		}
+	}
+	if !allowed(got.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.node-build-agent.accept.build") {
+		t.Error("an old seat's holder lost its accept")
+	}
+}
+
+// The router learns which channel is which, and what each promises, from the controller's membership:
+// the claims, never a channel's word (ADR 0259 §5).
+func TestTheRoutersMembershipNamesEveryKindAndItsCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
+	tg := channelSeat("telegram")
+	tg.Capabilities = []string{"choice", "verified-sender"}
+	desk := channelSeat("desktop")
+	desk.Capabilities = []string{"choice"}
+	router := Declared{Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}, Uses: []Seat{channelSeat("")}}
+	records := Records{Nodes: []string{"anchor", "laptop"}, Assigned: map[string][]Declared{
+		"anchor": {router, {Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{tg}, RunsAs: "telegram"}},
+		"laptop": {{Module: "desk-channel", Holds: []Seat{desk}}},
+	}}
+	where := PlacementsOf(records, nil)
+	m := MembershipFor("anchor", router, where)
+	if m.SeatTraffic == nil || len(m.SeatTraffic.Kinds) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("the router is not told the kinds: %+v", m.SeatTraffic)
+	}
+	byKind := map[string]KindHeld{}
+	for _, k := range m.SeatTraffic.Kinds {
+		byKind[k.Kind] = k
+	}
+	if k := byKind["telegram"]; k.Module != "telegram" || k.Node != "anchor" || !namesVerb(k.Capabilities, "verified-sender") {
+		t.Errorf("telegram is %+v", k)
+	}
+	if k := byKind["desktop"]; k.Module != "desk-channel" || namesVerb(k.Capabilities, "verified-sender") {
+		t.Errorf("the desk is %+v", k)
+	}
+	if other := MembershipFor("anchor", Declared{Module: "mesh-delivery", Uses: []Seat{operatorChannel()}}, where); other.SeatTraffic != nil && len(other.SeatTraffic.Kinds) > 0 {
+		t.Error("an asker is told the channels")
+	}
+}
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0259 §8: only the bench's own router answers its proofs and puts work on a kind's queue.
+func TestOnlyTheBenchsRouterAnswersProofsAndSubmitsWork(t *testing.T) {
+	other := perms(t, Principal{Kind: KindModule, Node: "anchor", Module: "eavesdropper",
+		Uses:    []Seat{channelSeat("")},
+		Watches: []Seat{{Name: "intake", Emits: []string{"choice"}, Kinded: true, Proofs: []string{"code"}, DeclaredBy: "messenger"}}})
+	if allowed(other.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.intake.proof.code.telegram") {
+		t.Error("a watcher that is not the router answers codes")
+	}
+	if allowed(other.Publish, "mesh.seat.channel.accept.show.telegram") {
+		t.Error("a user that is not the router puts work on a kind's queue")
+	}
+	if !allowed(other.Subscribe, "mesh.seat.intake.event.choice.telegram") {
+		t.Error("a watcher no longer hears the bench's events")
+	}
+}
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0259 §8: the machine's runtime runs as the operator's account; it never carries a module
+// that says warrants or speaks for a kind proving its sender, and such a module has its own account.
+func TestTheMachinesRuntimeNeverCarriesATrustedHolder(t *testing.T) {
+	tg := channelSeat("telegram")
+	tg.Capabilities = []string{"choice", "verified-sender"}
+	for name, d := range map[string]Declared{
+		"the router":         {Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}},
+		"a verified channel": {Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{tg}},
+	} {
+		if _, err := PermissionsFor(Principal{Kind: KindNodeTools, Node: "anchor", Module: RuntimeModule,
+			Carries: []Declared{d}}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "an account of its own") {
+			t.Errorf("%s was composed into the machine's runtime: %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+	desk := channelSeat("desktop")
+	desk.Capabilities = []string{"choice"}
+	if _, err := PermissionsFor(Principal{Kind: KindNodeTools, Node: "anchor", Module: RuntimeModule,
+		Carries: []Declared{{Module: "desk-channel", Holds: []Seat{desk}}}}); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("a channel proving nothing was refused: %v", err)
+	}
+	users, err := Users(Records{Nodes: []string{"anchor"}, Assigned: map[string][]Declared{"anchor": {
+		{Module: RuntimeModule}, {Module: "telegram", Holds: []Seat{tg}, RunsAs: "telegram"},
+		{Module: "messenger", Holds: []Seat{operatorChannel()}, RunsAs: "messenger"},
+	}}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, u := range users {
+		if u.Kind == KindNodeTools {
+			for _, d := range u.Carries {
+				if d.RunsAs != "" {
+					t.Errorf("the machine's runtime carries %s", d.Module)
+				}
+			}
+			if _, err := PermissionsFor(u); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("the runtime could not be composed: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0259 §8: verified-sender reaches the router only from a holder of its own account.
+func TestVerifiedSenderIsBelievedOnlyFromAHolderOfItsOwnAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := placedCapabilities([]string{"choice", "verified-sender"}, ""); namesVerb(got, "verified-sender") {
+		t.Errorf("a carried holder keeps verified-sender: %v", got)
+	}
+	if got := placedCapabilities([]string{"choice", "verified-sender"}, "telegram"); !namesVerb(got, "verified-sender") {
+		t.Errorf("a holder of its own account lost verified-sender: %v", got)
+	}
+}

internal/broker/users.go

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ type Declared struct {
 	// Checks are the module's own tools its health asks, each `<module>.<tool>` (novox/hq ADR 0240, to-be
 	// 48 §3): the machine's node-engine asks them of its own node tools, and is granted that and no more.
 	Checks []string
+	// RunsAs is the account the module runs as in a runtime of its own (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): it is never
+	// carried by the machine's runtime, and reaches the bus on its own account.
+	RunsAs string
 }
 
 // Records is what composing a user list needs to know about the mesh, and nothing more.
@@ -120,10 +123,13 @@ func Users(r Records) ([]Principal, error) {
 			})
 		}
 		if runtimeHere {
-			out = append(out, Principal{
+			var carried []Declared
-				Kind: KindNodeTools, Node: node, Module: RuntimeModule,
+			for _, d := range r.Assigned[node] {
-				Carries: append([]Declared(nil), r.Assigned[node]...),
+				if d.RunsAs == "" {
-			})
+					carried = append(carried, d)
+				}
+			}
+			out = append(out, Principal{Kind: KindNodeTools, Node: node, Module: RuntimeModule, Carries: carried})
 		}
 	}
 	for _, node := range sortedCopy(r.Enrolling) {

internal/catalogue/declaration.go

@@ -1073,9 +1073,23 @@ func (r Resolution) compose(with Rendering, owner map[string]string,
 		}
 		owner[fmt.Sprint(process["id"])] = RuntimeModule
 		out = append(out, process)
-		// What each module's bundles are given is read as the account the runtime runs as.
+		// And a runtime of its own for each module of its own account, after it (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8).
+		owns, err := r.ownRuntimes(with)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for _, p := range owns {
+			id := fmt.Sprint(p["id"])
+			owner[id] = strings.TrimSuffix(id, "."+OwnRuntimeID())
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+		// What each module's bundles are given is read as the account the runtime runs as — not what a
+		// module of its own account is given, which its own account reads.
 		words := map[string]map[string]string{}
 		for _, m := range r.Modules {
+			if m.RunsAs != "" {
+				continue
+			}
 			w, err := bundleWords(m, with)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err

internal/catalogue/kinded_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package catalogue
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The router of novox/hq ADR 0259: it declares the operator's seat and the two kinded benches.
+func router() Manifest {
+	return Manifest{Module: "messenger", Tools: []string{"open", "history", "notify"},
+		State: []StateDeclaration{{Name: "asks"}}, RunsAs: "messenger", SecretsOwner: "messenger",
+		DefinesSeats: []SeatDeclaration{
+			{Name: "operator-channel", Scope: ScopeMesh, Accepts: []string{"ask", "cancel"}, Emits: []string{"decided"},
+				ByCaller: []string{"ask", "cancel", "decided"}, Records: []string{"asks"},
+				Serves: []Verb{{Name: "open"}, {Name: "history"}, {Name: "notify"}}},
+			{Name: "channel", Scope: ScopeMesh, Kinded: true, Accepts: []string{"show", "edit", "send"}},
+			{Name: "intake", Scope: ScopeMesh, Kinded: true, Emits: []string{"choice", "link"}, Proofs: []string{"code"}},
+		},
+		Claims: []Claim{{Name: "operator-channel", Scope: ScopeMesh}},
+		Uses:   []string{"channel"}}
+}
+
+func aChannel(module, kind string) Manifest {
+	return Manifest{Module: module, Claims: []Claim{
+		{Name: "channel", Scope: ScopeMesh, Kind: kind}, {Name: "intake", Scope: ScopeMesh, Kind: kind}}}
+}
+
+func TestTwoChannelsOfDifferentKindsHoldTheBenches(t *testing.T) {
+	shelf := Shelf{"messenger": router(), "telegram": aChannel("telegram", "telegram"),
+		"desk-channel": aChannel("desk-channel", "desktop")}
+	if got := problemsFor(t, shelf); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("two kinds were refused: %s", got)
+	}
+	for _, m := range shelf {
+		if got := declaredSeatProblems(m); len(got) > 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", m.Module, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestASecondClaimOfOneKindIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "telegram": aChannel("telegram", "telegram"),
+		"telegram-two": aChannel("telegram-two", "telegram")})
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `of kind "telegram", which telegram already claims`) {
+		t.Fatalf("a second holder of one kind stood: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAKindedBenchNeedsAKindAndNoOtherSeatTakesOne(t *testing.T) {
+	got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "nameless": aChannel("nameless", "")})
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "claims the kinded bench channel and names no kind") {
+		t.Fatalf("a claim without a kind stood: %s", got)
+	}
+	odd := Manifest{Module: "odd", Claims: []Claim{{Name: "operator-channel", Scope: ScopeMesh, Kind: "telegram"}}}
+	got = problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "odd": odd})
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "only a kinded bench takes a kind") {
+		t.Fatalf("a kind on a seat that is not kinded stood: %s", got)
+	}
+	dotted := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "dotted": aChannel("dotted", "a.b")})
+	if !strings.Contains(dotted, "not a usable name") {
+		t.Fatalf("a kind that would widen a subject stood: %s", dotted)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOnlyChannelAndIntakeAreKinded(t *testing.T) {
+	m := Manifest{Module: "x", DefinesSeats: []SeatDeclaration{{Name: "pager", Kinded: true, Accepts: []string{"page"}}}}
+	if got := strings.Join(declaredSeatProblems(m), "; "); !strings.Contains(got, "only channel and intake are kinded") {
+		t.Fatalf("another kinded bench was declared: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTheNewRulesAreHeldToWhatTheSeatSays(t *testing.T) {
+	m := Manifest{Module: "x", DefinesSeats: []SeatDeclaration{{Name: "thing", Accepts: []string{"do"},
+		ByCaller: []string{"undo"}, Proofs: []string{"code"}, Records: []string{"nothing"}}}}
+	got := strings.Join(declaredSeatProblems(m), "; ")
+	for _, want := range []string{"names thing.undo by its caller, which the seat neither accepts nor emits",
+		"declares proofs on thing, which is not kinded", `read its records "nothing", which it keeps no state of`} {
+		if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+			t.Errorf("not refused: %q in %s", want, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Two kinds on one machine are two holders, and one kind on two machines is a second claimant.
+func TestEachKindIsItsOwnHolderWhenResolved(t *testing.T) {
+	modules := []Manifest{aChannel("telegram", "telegram"), aChannel("desk-channel", "desktop")}
+	held, problems := checkClaims(modules, Node{Name: "anchor"}, nil, nil)
+	if len(problems) > 0 || len(held) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("two kinds on one machine: held %v, problems %v", held, problems)
+	}
+	_, problems = checkClaims([]Manifest{aChannel("telegram", "telegram")}, Node{Name: "home"}, held, nil)
+	if len(problems) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("one kind held on two machines was not refused")
+	}
+}
+
+// A channel's capabilities come from the fixed vocabulary, and only a kinded claim carries any.
+func TestCapabilitiesAreTheVocabularysAndOnlyOnAKindedClaim(t *testing.T) {
+	good := aChannel("telegram", "telegram")
+	good.Claims[0].Capabilities = []string{"deliver", "choice", "verified-sender", "max-length:4096"}
+	good.RunsAs = "telegram"
+	if got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "telegram": good}); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("the vocabulary was refused: %s", got)
+	}
+	bad := aChannel("telegram", "telegram")
+	bad.Claims[0].Capabilities = []string{"trusted", "max-length:lots"}
+	got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "telegram": bad})
+	for _, w := range []string{`"trusted"`, `"max-length:lots"`} {
+		if !strings.Contains(got, w+", which channel-capabilities/1 does not have") {
+			t.Errorf("%s was not refused: %s", w, got)
+		}
+	}
+	odd := Manifest{Module: "odd", Claims: []Claim{{Name: "operator-channel", Scope: ScopeMesh, Capabilities: []string{"deliver"}}}}
+	if got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "odd": odd}); !strings.Contains(got, "only a kinded bench's claim carries them") {
+		t.Errorf("capabilities on a seat that is not kinded stood: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0259 §8: a module saying warrants, or speaking for a kind that proves its sender, runs as an
+// account of its own — never carried by the machine's runtime, which runs as the operator's account.
+func TestATrustedHolderMustRunAsAnAccountOfItsOwn(t *testing.T) {
+	r := router()
+	r.RunsAs = ""
+	if got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": r}); !strings.Contains(got, "messenger must run as an account of its own") {
+		t.Errorf("a router on the machine's runtime stood: %s", got)
+	}
+	tg := aChannel("telegram", "telegram")
+	tg.Claims[0].Capabilities = []string{"choice", "verified-sender"}
+	if got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "telegram": tg}); !strings.Contains(got, "telegram must run as an account of its own") {
+		t.Errorf("a verified channel on the machine's runtime stood: %s", got)
+	}
+	desk := aChannel("desk-channel", "desktop")
+	desk.Claims[0].Capabilities = []string{"choice"}
+	if got := problemsFor(t, Shelf{"messenger": router(), "desk-channel": desk}); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("a channel proving nothing was held to it: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunsAsIsAnAccountOfTheModulesOwn(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := Manifest{Module: "telegram", RunsAs: "telegram", SecretsOwner: "telegram",
+		OwnSecrets: OwnSecrets{"broker": {Path: "/var/lib/telegram/broker"}},
+		Resources:  []map[string]any{{"id": "account", "type": "user", "name": "telegram"}}}
+	if got := RunsAsProblems(ok); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a sound runs-as was refused: %v", got)
+	}
+	for want, change := range map[string]func(*Manifest){
+		"never root":                 func(m *Manifest) { m.RunsAs, m.SecretsOwner = "root", "root" },
+		"not an account name":        func(m *Manifest) { m.RunsAs = "${machine:account}" },
+		"which it does not make":     func(m *Manifest) { m.Resources = nil },
+		"declares no own secret":     func(m *Manifest) { m.OwnSecrets = nil },
+		"they are the account's own": func(m *Manifest) { m.SecretsOwner = "" },
+	} {
+		m := ok
+		m.Resources = append([]map[string]any(nil), ok.Resources...)
+		m.OwnSecrets = OwnSecrets{"broker": {Path: "/x"}}
+		change(&m)
+		if got := strings.Join(RunsAsProblems(m), "; "); !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+			t.Errorf("want %q, got %q", want, got)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/catalogue/manifest.go

@@ -64,6 +64,13 @@ type Claim struct {
 	// text/template over one piece — its fields and `module` — in the tool's own grammar (novox/hq ADR
 	// 0255). The data is the mesh's, the format the holder's, as a module's facts template is.
 	Renders map[string]string `json:"renders,omitempty"`
+	// Kind is the kind this module holds a kinded bench as (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2, ADR 0259): `telegram`,
+	// `desktop`. Refused on any other seat, and a second claim of one kind is refused.
+	Kind string `json:"kind,omitempty"`
+	// Capabilities are what a channel of this kind promises, from the fixed vocabulary
+	// channel-capabilities/1 (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2): the router judges an answer by these, read from the
+	// controller's record of this claim and never from the channel.
+	Capabilities []string `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ServesFor is what this claim offers a seat's protocol: the verbs it names, else the module's
@@ -640,6 +647,13 @@ type Manifest struct {
 	// cannot use.
 	SecretsOwner string `json:"secrets-owner,omitempty"`
 
+	// RunsAs is the account this module's tools bundle runs as, in a runtime of its own on a bus account of
+	// its own (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): never the machine's runtime, which runs as the operator's account and
+	// carries every module on the machine. The account is one the module makes (a `user` resource of that
+	// name), owns its secrets (`secrets-owner`), and is neither root nor the operator's. Required of a module
+	// that says a warrant, or speaks for a channel kind that proves its sender.
+	RunsAs string `json:"runs-as,omitempty"`
+
 	// Keeps is where this module wants every operator-sealed secret in the mesh written — the
 	// vault's field, and so far nobody else's (novox/hq ADR 0085, amended).
 	//
@@ -1620,6 +1634,7 @@ func ParseManifest(raw []byte) (Manifest, error) {
 	// prefix. Whether a seat anybody names exists, and whether a holder answers for it, are
 	// facts about the catalogue and are checked at registration (CatalogueProblems).
 	problems = append(problems, declaredSeatProblems(m)...)
+	problems = append(problems, RunsAsProblems(m)...)
 	if m.Computed != "" && len(m.Resources) > 0 {
 		// One or the other. A module that both ships files and has them computed would leave
 		// nobody able to say where a given file came from.

internal/catalogue/resolve.go

@@ -115,6 +115,16 @@ type Held struct {
 	Node   string
 	Module string
 	Site   string
+	// Kind is the kind a kinded bench is held as (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2): each kind is its own holder.
+	Kind string
+}
+
+// heldKey is what one holder holds: the seat, and its kind on a kinded bench.
+func heldKey(claim, kind string) string {
+	if kind == "" {
+		return canonicalSeat(claim)
+	}
+	return canonicalSeat(claim) + "/" + kind
 }
 
 // Resolution is what a node should run, and why.
@@ -864,7 +874,7 @@ func checkClaims(modules []Manifest, node Node, elsewhere []Held, holdings []Hel
 			// **One seat under either of its names** (novox/hq ADR 0122): a manifest registered before
 			// a rename claims the former name, and one written after it the current — two claimants of
 			// one seat, compared by the seat they resolve to and not by how each spelled it.
-			seat := canonicalSeat(c.Name)
+			seat := heldKey(c.Name, c.Kind)
 			if other, taken := byScope[scope][seat]; taken {
 				problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
 					"%s and %s both claim %q, and only one thing may hold it per %s",
@@ -873,14 +883,14 @@ func checkClaims(modules []Manifest, node Node, elsewhere []Held, holdings []Hel
 			}
 			byScope[scope][seat] = m.Module
 			held = append(held, Held{Claim: c.Name, Scope: scope, Node: node.Name,
-				Module: m.Module, Site: node.Site})
+				Module: m.Module, Site: node.Site, Kind: c.Kind})
 		}
 	}
 
 	// And against the rest of the mesh, for the scopes that reach past this machine.
 	for _, h := range held {
 		for _, e := range elsewhere {
-			if e.Node == node.Name || canonicalSeat(e.Claim) != canonicalSeat(h.Claim) || e.Scope != h.Scope {
+			if e.Node == node.Name || heldKey(e.Claim, e.Kind) != heldKey(h.Claim, h.Kind) || e.Scope != h.Scope {
 				continue
 			}
 			switch h.Scope {

internal/catalogue/runtime.go

@@ -165,6 +165,10 @@ func (r Resolution) runtimeProcess(with Rendering) (map[string]any, error) {
 		if with.Adopted && m.Filtering != nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		if m.RunsAs != "" {
+			// Served by a runtime of its own, on its own account (ownRuntimes): never the machine's.
+			continue
+		}
 		words, err := bundleWords(m, with)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -223,6 +227,84 @@ func (r Resolution) runtimeProcess(with Rendering) (map[string]any, error) {
 	return process, nil
 }
 
+// OwnRuntimeID names the process a module of its own account is served by (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8).
+func OwnRuntimeID() string { return "own-runtime" }
+
+// ownRuntimes are the processes the modules of their own account are served by (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): each
+// the machine's runtime program — the same build, run from the same source — serving that one module alone,
+// as the module's own account, on the module's own bus credential. Never the machine's runtime, which runs
+// as the operator's account and carries every module on the machine.
+func (r Resolution) ownRuntimes(with Rendering) ([]map[string]any, error) {
+	var own []Manifest
+	for _, m := range r.Modules {
+		if m.RunsAs != "" && !(with.Adopted && m.Filtering != nil) {
+			own = append(own, m)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(own) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	var runtime *Manifest
+	for i := range r.Modules {
+		if r.Modules[i].Module == RuntimeModule {
+			runtime = &r.Modules[i]
+		}
+	}
+	if runtime == nil || len(runtime.Bundles) != 1 || runtime.Bundles[0].Binary == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s runs as its own account in a runtime of its own, and %s is not here to run it "+
+			"from: assign %s to %s first (novox/hq ADR 0259)", own[0].Module, RuntimeModule, RuntimeModule, r.Node)
+	}
+	program := runtime.Bundles[0]
+	var out []map[string]any
+	for _, m := range own {
+		credential, declared := m.OwnSecrets["broker"]
+		if !declared {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s runs as its own account and declares no own secret broker", m.Module)
+		}
+		var served, restartOn []string
+		for _, b := range m.Bundles {
+			for _, load := range b.Loads {
+				if launcher, has := b.Launchers[load]; has {
+					load = launcher
+				}
+				served = append(served, m.Module+"="+BundlePath(m.Module, b.Name)+"/"+load)
+			}
+			if len(b.Loads) > 0 {
+				restartOn = append(restartOn, m.Module+"."+BundleID(b.Name))
+			}
+		}
+		if len(served) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s runs as its own account and its build produced no bundle to serve", m.Module)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(served)
+		restartOn = append(restartOn, m.Module+"."+NeedID("broker"))
+		sort.Strings(restartOn)
+		env := map[string]string{RuntimeToolModules: strings.Join(served, ","), RuntimeBrokerFile: credential.Path}
+		words, err := bundleWords(m, with)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(words) > 0 {
+			body, err := json.Marshal(map[string]map[string]string{m.Module: words})
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			env[RuntimeToolEnv] = string(body)
+		}
+		process := map[string]any{
+			"id": m.Module + "." + OwnRuntimeID(), "type": "process", "name": m.Module + "-runtime",
+			"source": program.Source, "digest": program.Digest,
+			"run": []any{"./" + program.Binary}, "env": env, "restart-on": toAny(restartOn),
+			"user": m.RunsAs,
+		}
+		if err := artifactsInto(process, RuntimeModule, with); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, process)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func toAny(in []string) []any {
 	out := make([]any, 0, len(in))
 	for _, s := range in {

internal/catalogue/runtime_test.go

@@ -457,3 +457,49 @@ func TestAGoToolsBundleIsServedByItsBinary(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("a Go bundle loading a file it does not contain was admitted")
 	}
 }
+
+// novox/hq ADR 0259 §8: a module of its own account is served by a runtime of its own — the machine's
+// runtime program, as that account, on that module's own credential — and never by the machine's runtime,
+// which runs as the operator's account and is given none of its words.
+func TestAModuleOfItsOwnAccountIsServedByARuntimeOfItsOwn(t *testing.T) {
+	with := Rendering{ArtifactStore: "anchor.internal:5101",
+		Needed: map[string]map[string]string{RuntimeModule: {"broker": "sealed-credential"}, "telegram": {"broker": "own"}}}
+	goRuntime := Manifest{Module: RuntimeModule, Version: "1",
+		OwnSecrets: OwnSecrets{"broker": {Path: "/var/lib/mesh/" + RuntimeModule + "/broker"}},
+		Build: &Build{Artifacts: []Artifact{{Name: "runtime", Kind: ArtifactBundle, Language: "go",
+			System: "arch", From: "cmd/node-tools"}}}}
+	goRuntime, err := goRuntime.Resolve([]Built{{Name: "runtime", Kind: ArtifactBundle,
+		Reference: ArtifactStoreScheme + RuntimeModule + "/runtime/blobs/" + bundleDigest, Digest: bundleDigest}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	telegram := aToolsModule(t, "telegram", "tools/index.js")
+	telegram.RunsAs, telegram.SecretsOwner = "telegram", "telegram"
+	telegram.OwnSecrets = OwnSecrets{"broker": {Path: "/var/lib/telegram/broker"}}
+	out, err := Resolution{Node: "anchor", Account: "ops",
+		Modules: []Manifest{aToolsModule(t, "nftables", "tools/index.js"), telegram, goRuntime}}.Declaration(with)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	machine := fileNamed(out, RuntimeModule+"."+RuntimeProcessID())
+	if served := machine["env"].(map[string]string)[RuntimeToolModules]; strings.Contains(served, "telegram") || !strings.Contains(served, "nftables") {
+		t.Errorf("the machine's runtime serves %q", served)
+	}
+	own := fileNamed(out, "telegram."+OwnRuntimeID())
+	if own == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("telegram has no runtime of its own: %v", ids(out))
+	}
+	env := own["env"].(map[string]string)
+	if own["user"] != "telegram" || fmt.Sprint(own["run"]) != "[./node-tools]" ||
+		env[RuntimeBrokerFile] != "/var/lib/telegram/broker" ||
+		env[RuntimeToolModules] != "telegram="+BundleRoot+"/telegram/tools/tools/index.js" {
+		t.Errorf("its own runtime: user %v run %v env %v", own["user"], own["run"], env)
+	}
+	if _, told := env[RuntimeOperatorAccount]; told {
+		t.Error("a runtime of a module's own account is told the operator's account")
+	}
+	// Without the machine's runtime to run it from, it is refused in words.
+	if _, err := (Resolution{Node: "anchor", Modules: []Manifest{telegram}}).ownRuntimes(with); err == nil {
+		t.Error("a module of its own account composed without a runtime program")
+	}
+}

internal/catalogue/seats_declared.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package catalogue
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 )
@@ -51,6 +52,35 @@ type SeatDeclaration struct {
 	// owns its own, which is why a seat is also the answer for a module that needs retention
 	// its events cannot have.
 	RetainSeconds int `json:"retain-seconds,omitempty"`
+
+	// Kinded makes the seat a kinded bench (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2, ADR 0259 §3): its holders are different
+	// modules, each claiming one kind, and each verb's subject carries the kind. Only the benches in
+	// KindedBenches may be kinded; making another is a decision, recorded.
+	Kinded bool `json:"kinded,omitempty"`
+	// ByCaller are accepts and emits whose subject's last token names the calling module (ADR 0259 §3): a
+	// user submits such an accept, and hears such an event, under its own name and no other.
+	ByCaller []string `json:"by-caller,omitempty"`
+	// Proofs are verbs carried as core request and reply, never on a stream: what travels on them (a code
+	// the operator typed) is never kept (ADR 0259 §3). On a kinded bench a holder asks with its own kind and
+	// the modules watching the seat answer.
+	Proofs []string `json:"proofs,omitempty"`
+	// Records are state buckets of the declaring module that each user reads under its own name — the
+	// keys `<user>.…` and no other (ADR 0259 §3).
+	Records []string `json:"records,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// KindedBenches are the seats that may be kinded (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2): `channel` sends to the operator,
+// `intake` takes what the operator answers. Another is a decision, recorded, as ADR 0223 asks of a bench.
+var KindedBenches = map[string]bool{"channel": true, "intake": true}
+
+// NamedByCaller says whether one of the seat's verbs is named by its caller.
+func (s SeatDeclaration) NamedByCaller(verb string) bool {
+	for _, v := range s.ByCaller {
+		if v == verb {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // At is this declaration's scope, with the default applied. Mesh by default, because a seat
@@ -132,6 +162,7 @@ func declaredSeatProblems(m Manifest) []string {
 					"%s declares %s.%s, which is not a usable verb", m.Module, s.Name, v))
 			}
 		}
+		problems = append(problems, trafficProblems(m, s)...)
 	}
 
 	for _, u := range m.Uses {
@@ -142,6 +173,56 @@ func declaredSeatProblems(m Manifest) []string {
 	return problems
 }
 
+// trafficProblems is what one declaration of the rules of ADR 0259 §3 can be judged on alone.
+func trafficProblems(m Manifest, s SeatDeclaration) []string {
+	var problems []string
+	if s.Kinded && !KindedBenches[s.Name] {
+		problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"%s declares %s as a kinded bench; only channel and intake are kinded, and another is a "+
+				"decision, recorded (novox/hq ADR 0234)", m.Module, s.Name))
+	}
+	if s.Kinded && len(s.ByCaller) > 0 {
+		problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"%s declares %s kinded and names verbs by their caller; a kinded bench's subjects carry the kind",
+			m.Module, s.Name))
+	}
+	for _, v := range s.ByCaller {
+		inAccepts, inEmits := false, false
+		for _, a := range s.Accepts {
+			inAccepts = inAccepts || a == v
+		}
+		for _, e := range s.Emits {
+			inEmits = inEmits || e == v
+		}
+		if !inAccepts && !inEmits {
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+				"%s names %s.%s by its caller, which the seat neither accepts nor emits", m.Module, s.Name, v))
+		}
+	}
+	for _, v := range s.Proofs {
+		if !name.MatchString(v) || strings.Contains(v, ".") {
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf("%s declares the proof %s.%s, which is not a usable verb",
+				m.Module, s.Name, v))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(s.Proofs) > 0 && !s.Kinded {
+		problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"%s declares proofs on %s, which is not kinded; a proof is asked by a holder of a kind",
+			m.Module, s.Name))
+	}
+	for _, r := range s.Records {
+		kept := false
+		for _, st := range m.State {
+			kept = kept || st.Name == r
+		}
+		if !kept {
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+				"%s says %s's users read its records %q, which it keeps no state of", m.Module, s.Name, r))
+		}
+	}
+	return problems
+}
+
 // A Shelf is every manifest the mesh has registered, by module name.
 type Shelf map[string]Manifest
 
@@ -182,8 +263,19 @@ func CatalogueProblems(shelf Shelf) []string {
 		return ok
 	}
 
+	// Who claims each kind of a kinded bench, so a second claim of one kind is refused (ADR 0234 §2).
+	kindsTaken := map[string]string{}
+
 	for _, module := range shelfOrder(shelf) {
 		m := shelf[module]
+		for _, c := range m.Claims {
+			if c.Kind != "" {
+				if _, isModuleSeat := declared[c.Name]; !isModuleSeat {
+					problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+						"%s claims %s of kind %q, and only a kinded bench takes a kind", module, c.Name, c.Kind))
+				}
+			}
+		}
 
 		// A `uses` naming nothing is where ADR 0110's guarantee lands under a derived set: the
 		// same refusal, at the same moment, from a set nobody maintains by hand.
@@ -214,6 +306,7 @@ func CatalogueProblems(shelf Shelf) []string {
 				}
 				continue
 			}
+			problems = append(problems, kindProblems(module, c, s, kindsTaken)...)
 			if c.At() != s.At() {
 				problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
 					"%s claims %s at scope %q, and %s declares it at %s",
@@ -228,6 +321,16 @@ func CatalogueProblems(shelf Shelf) []string {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	// **A trusted holder runs as its own account** (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): a module saying warrants, or
+	// speaking for a kind that proves its sender, is never carried by a machine's runtime.
+	for _, module := range shelfOrder(shelf) {
+		m := shelf[module]
+		if why := TrustedHolding(m, declared); why != "" && m.RunsAs == "" {
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+				"%s must run as an account of its own (runs-as): %s, and the machine's runtime runs as the "+
+					"operator's account, which every agent runs as (novox/hq ADR 0259)", module, why))
+		}
+	}
 	// A read of a module's state that module does not keep (novox/hq ADR 0201) — said only where the
 	// owner is on the shelf, as a consumer may be installed before its emitter.
 	var manifests []Manifest
@@ -239,6 +342,63 @@ func CatalogueProblems(shelf Shelf) []string {
 	return problems
 }
 
+// ChannelCapabilities is the fixed vocabulary `channel-capabilities/1` (novox/hq ADR 0234 §2): a word
+// outside it is refused. `max-length:<N>` takes a number.
+var ChannelCapabilities = map[string]bool{
+	"deliver": true, "reaches-away": true, "loud": true, "silent": true, "edit": true,
+	"reaches-when-mesh-down": true, "private": true,
+	"choice": true, "reply": true, "threads": true, "operator-first": true,
+	"verified-sender": true, "exact-render": true, "code-factor": true, "key-factor": true,
+}
+
+var maxLength = regexp.MustCompile(`^max-length:[1-9][0-9]{0,6}$`)
+
+// capabilityProblems are the words of a claim outside the vocabulary, and capabilities on a claim of a
+// seat that is not kinded.
+func capabilityProblems(module string, c Claim, kinded bool) []string {
+	if len(c.Capabilities) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !kinded {
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s claims %s with capabilities, and only a kinded bench's claim carries them",
+			module, c.Name)}
+	}
+	var problems []string
+	for _, w := range c.Capabilities {
+		if !ChannelCapabilities[w] && !maxLength.MatchString(w) {
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+				"%s claims %s with the capability %q, which channel-capabilities/1 does not have", module, c.Name, w))
+		}
+	}
+	return problems
+}
+
+// kindProblems is a claim judged against a declared seat's kind: a kinded bench takes one claim per kind,
+// a usable name; any other seat takes none.
+func kindProblems(module string, c Claim, s SeatDeclaration, taken map[string]string) []string {
+	if problems := capabilityProblems(module, c, s.Kinded); len(problems) > 0 {
+		return problems
+	}
+	switch {
+	case !s.Kinded && c.Kind != "":
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s claims %s of kind %q, and only a kinded bench takes a kind",
+			module, c.Name, c.Kind)}
+	case !s.Kinded:
+		return nil
+	case c.Kind == "":
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s claims the kinded bench %s and names no kind", module, c.Name)}
+	case !name.MatchString(c.Kind) || strings.Contains(c.Kind, "."):
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s claims %s of kind %q, which is not a usable name", module, c.Name, c.Kind)}
+	}
+	key := c.Name + "/" + c.Kind
+	if first, ok := taken[key]; ok && first != module {
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s claims %s of kind %q, which %s already claims; a kind has one holder",
+			module, c.Name, c.Kind, first)}
+	}
+	taken[key] = module
+	return nil
+}
+
 // unserved is what a seat's protocol promises and the claimant does not answer. Only the tools
 // are checked: `accepts` and `emits` are wired by the runtime from the declaration, while a tool
 // is code the module either has or has not written — under the claim's serves, or among its own.
@@ -266,3 +426,65 @@ func shelfOrder(shelf Shelf) []string {
 	sort.Strings(out)
 	return out
 }
+
+var accountName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]{0,30}$`)
+
+// RunsAsProblems is what one manifest's `runs-as` is held to (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8): an account of the
+// module's own making — a `user` resource of that name — that owns its secrets, with a bus account of its own,
+// and that is neither root nor the operator's.
+func RunsAsProblems(m Manifest) []string {
+	if m.RunsAs == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var problems []string
+	say := func(format string, a ...any) { problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(format, a...)) }
+	switch {
+	case !accountName.MatchString(m.RunsAs):
+		say("%s runs as %q, which is not an account name of the module's own", m.Module, m.RunsAs)
+		return problems
+	case m.RunsAs == "root":
+		say("%s runs as root; a module of its own account runs as an account it makes, never root", m.Module)
+	}
+	made := false
+	for _, r := range m.Resources {
+		if fmt.Sprint(r["type"]) == "user" && fmt.Sprint(r["name"]) == m.RunsAs {
+			made = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !made {
+		say("%s runs as %s, which it does not make: a user resource named %s", m.Module, m.RunsAs, m.RunsAs)
+	}
+	if _, has := m.OwnSecrets["broker"]; !has {
+		say("%s runs as its own account and declares no own secret broker: its runtime reaches the bus on an "+
+			"account of its own", m.Module)
+	}
+	if m.SecretsOwner != m.RunsAs {
+		say("%s runs as %s, and its secrets belong to %q: they are the account's own", m.Module, m.RunsAs, m.SecretsOwner)
+	}
+	return problems
+}
+
+// TrustedHolding is why a module must run as its own account (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8), or "": it holds a seat
+// whose events it says to one caller each (a warrant), or speaks for a kind of a kinded bench that proves
+// its sender. Neither may be carried by the machine's runtime, which runs as the operator's account.
+func TrustedHolding(m Manifest, declared map[string]SeatDeclaration) string {
+	for _, c := range m.Claims {
+		s, ok := declared[c.Name]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, e := range s.Emits {
+			if s.NamedByCaller(e) {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("it holds %s, whose %s it says to one caller each", c.Name, e)
+			}
+		}
+		if s.Kinded {
+			for _, capability := range c.Capabilities {
+				if capability == "verified-sender" {
+					return fmt.Sprintf("it holds %s of kind %s, which proves its sender", c.Name, c.Kind)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

internal/inventory/busrecords.go

@@ -34,9 +34,12 @@ func (i *Inventory) BusRecords(ctx context.Context) (broker.Records, error) {
 	// that seat promises. **Across the whole catalogue, not one manifest**: a seat is declared by
 	// one module and held by another, which is the whole reason a seat exists (ADR 0118).
 	seats := map[string]catalogue.SeatDeclaration{}
+	// And who declared each, so a seat's records are named as the declaring module's buckets (ADR 0259).
+	declarers := map[string]string{}
 	for _, m := range declared {
 		for _, s := range m.DefinesSeats {
 			seats[s.Name] = s
+			declarers[s.Name] = m.Module
 		}
 	}
 	// And the mesh's own, which carry protocol too (novox/hq ADR 0121). Added after the modules'
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ func (i *Inventory) BusRecords(ctx context.Context) (broker.Records, error) {
 					"%s is assigned to %s and is not in the catalogue, so what it may say cannot "+
 						"be derived", module, n.Name)
 			}
-			d := declaredFor(m, seats)
+			d := declaredFor(m, seats, declarers)
 			// And the state offered to it as a seat's holder by the modules beside it (novox/hq ADR 0255).
 			// For this machine's key alone (novox/hq ADR 0260): a bar shows its own machine's draw.
 			for _, sr := range catalogue.ReadsGranted(m, onMachine(declared, modules), n.Name) {
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@ func onMachine(declared map[string]catalogue.Manifest, modules []string) []catal
 
 // declaredFor is one module's manifest as the composer needs it: what it says about itself, and the
 // protocol of every seat it holds or uses.
-func declaredFor(m catalogue.Manifest, seats map[string]catalogue.SeatDeclaration) broker.Declared {
+func declaredFor(m catalogue.Manifest, seats map[string]catalogue.SeatDeclaration, declarers map[string]string) broker.Declared {
 	// A consumed name is a module's event unless it names a seat, and only somebody holding the seat
 	// set can tell (novox/hq ADR 0121). Split here, because the composer cannot look at a name and
 	// know — and a role's event read as a module's is a subscription to a namespace nobody owns.
@@ -132,6 +135,16 @@ func declaredFor(m catalogue.Manifest, seats map[string]catalogue.SeatDeclaratio
 		if named {
 			// A seat's event when the seat says it; else the event of the module of that name — a seat and
 			// the module holding it may share a name (mesh-delivery, novox/hq ADR 0239).
+			if s, isASeat := seats[emitter]; isASeat && s.Kinded {
+				// A kinded bench's event is named `<event>` or `<event>.*` and heard from every kind; its
+				// proofs are answered by whoever watches it (ADR 0259 §3).
+				ev := strings.TrimSuffix(event, ".*")
+				if catalogue.SeatSays(s.Emits, ev) {
+					watches = append(watches, broker.Seat{Name: s.Name, Scope: s.Scope, Emits: []string{ev},
+						Kinded: true, Proofs: s.Proofs, DeclaredBy: declarers[s.Name]})
+					continue
+				}
+			}
 			if s, isASeat := seats[emitter]; isASeat && catalogue.SeatSays(s.Emits, event) {
 				watches = append(watches, broker.Seat{Name: s.Name, Emits: []string{event}})
 				continue
@@ -155,6 +168,8 @@ func declaredFor(m catalogue.Manifest, seats map[string]catalogue.SeatDeclaratio
 		Reads: m.Reads,
 		// And the tools its health asks (novox/hq ADR 0240): the machine's node-engine is granted them.
 		Checks: catalogue.HealthChecks(m),
+		// And whether it runs as an account of its own (novox/hq ADR 0259 §8).
+		RunsAs: m.RunsAs,
 	}
 	// Whether it can be given an account at all: delivered as its own secret named broker, so one
 	// that declares none has nowhere to read it (novox/hq issue 195).
@@ -168,12 +183,15 @@ func declaredFor(m catalogue.Manifest, seats map[string]catalogue.SeatDeclaratio
 		// Every seat with a protocol, the mesh's own included. One that says only who does a job is
 		// not here and grants nothing, which is most of them.
 		if s, hasAProtocol := seats[c.Name]; hasAProtocol {
-			d.Holds = append(d.Holds, asSeat(s))
+			held := asSeat(s, declarers[s.Name])
+			held.Kind = c.Kind
+			held.Capabilities = c.Capabilities
+			d.Holds = append(d.Holds, held)
 		}
 	}
 	for _, name := range m.Uses {
 		if s, declaredSomewhere := seats[name]; declaredSomewhere {
-			d.Uses = append(d.Uses, asSeat(s))
+			d.Uses = append(d.Uses, asSeat(s, declarers[s.Name]))
 		}
 	}
 	return d
@@ -204,9 +222,17 @@ func (i *Inventory) DeclaredBuckets(ctx context.Context) ([]broker.Bucket, error
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func asSeat(s catalogue.SeatDeclaration) broker.Seat {
+func asSeat(s catalogue.SeatDeclaration, declarer string) broker.Seat {
-	return broker.Seat{Name: s.Name, Scope: s.Scope, Accepts: s.Accepts, Emits: s.Emits,
+	seat := broker.Seat{Name: s.Name, Scope: s.Scope, Accepts: s.Accepts, Emits: s.Emits,
-		Serves: catalogue.VerbNames(s.Serves)}
+		Serves: catalogue.VerbNames(s.Serves), Kinded: s.Kinded, ByCaller: s.ByCaller, Proofs: s.Proofs,
+		DeclaredBy: declarer}
+	// A seat's records are its declaring module's buckets, named as the bus holds them (ADR 0259 §3).
+	for _, r := range s.Records {
+		if declarer != "" {
+			seat.Records = append(seat.Records, broker.BucketName(declarer, r))
+		}
+	}
+	return seat
 }
 
 // MeshSeats are the mesh's own seats that carry a protocol, as the bus needs them: what to make a work
@@ -277,3 +303,22 @@ func heldHere(claimed []broker.Seat, holdings []catalogue.Held, node, module str
 	}
 	return out
 }
+
+// DeclaredTrafficSeats is every seat any registered module declares that names its caller or its kind
+// (novox/hq ADR 0259 §3), as the bus needs it: assigned or not, so its work queue exists from registration.
+func (i *Inventory) DeclaredTrafficSeats(ctx context.Context) ([]broker.Seat, error) {
+	declared, err := i.Catalogue(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot read the catalogue: %w", err)
+	}
+	var out []broker.Seat
+	for _, m := range declared {
+		for _, s := range m.DefinesSeats {
+			seat := asSeat(s, m.Module)
+			if seat.Kinded || len(seat.ByCaller) > 0 {
+				out = append(out, seat)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}