diff --git a/modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/tools.go b/modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/tools.go
index afa8482..822fb2b 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/tools.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/tools.go
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ func toolsOf(p *grants.Part) []stdio.Tool {
 			"the assertions, publish each membership that differs from the one last published, and keep what changed in its own " +
 			"state (one revision when an input changed, none when not), saying user-list-changed and membership-changed. Answers " +
 			"the ask and the last pass; grants_user_list shows the pass that answers it. A membership is published unless it would " +
-			"leave a seat a placed module claims with no holder, which stays a shadow difference, named. The user list, assertions and " +
+			"leave a seat a placed module claims with no holder, or drop a capability its holder still asks for (verified-sender), " +
+			"which stays a shadow difference, named. The user list, assertions and " +
 			"grants stay in shadow. It cannot ask the controller to write a module's grant again: the controller serves no such " +
 			"verb, and the answer says so.",
 			Run: func(a map[string]any) (any, error) { return p.AskCompose(stdio.CallerOf(a)) }},
diff --git a/modules/mesh-grants/grants_test.go b/modules/mesh-grants/grants_test.go
index 726ac69..f039e24 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-grants/grants_test.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-grants/grants_test.go
@@ -1314,9 +1314,16 @@ func TestGrants(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	})
 
-	t.Run("memberships: published unless a seat would lose its last holder", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("memberships: published unless a seat would lose its last holder or a holder a capability it asks for", func(t *testing.T) {
 		const key = "a.mod-x"
 		brokerName, brokerVerb := brokerSeat()
+		// The telegram module's claim of its channel, as mesh-catalog's telegram manifest has it (c05aa5e6), on mod-x.
+		const telegramClaim = `[{"name":"channel","scope":"mesh","kind":"telegram","capabilities":["deliver","verified-sender"]}]`
+		verified := func(m map[string]any) map[string]any {
+			m["seat-traffic"] = map[string]any{"kinds": []any{map[string]any{"seat": "channel", "kind": "telegram", "module": "mod-x", "node": "a",
+				"capabilities": []any{"deliver", "verified-sender"}}}}
+			return m
+		}
 		composed := func(b *fakeBus) map[string]any {
 			recs, _ := grants.Records(grants.ReadInputs(b, &grants.Manifests{}))
 			raw, _ := json.Marshal(grants.Memberships(recs)[key].Membership)
@@ -1329,38 +1336,46 @@ func TestGrants(t *testing.T) {
 			last      func(map[string]any) map[string]any
 			published bool
 			names     string
+			// claims, when set, are mod-x's claims in its manifest for the row.
+			claims string
 		}{
-			{"a first membership is published", nil, true, ""},
+			{"a first membership is published", nil, true, "", ""},
 			{"an additive change is published, the private network carried", func(m map[string]any) map[string]any {
 				delete(m, "state")
 				m["mesh"] = []any{"10.0.0.1"}
 				return m
-			}, true, ""},
-			// The lead's decision in review round 1 of the fix of issue 1945: only a seat left with no holder holds a
-			// membership back; a dropped tool, field or capability is published.
+			}, true, "", ""},
+			// The lead's decision in review round 1 of the fix of issue 1945: only a seat left with no holder, or a
+			// capability its holder still asks for (verified-sender, dropped by a root-free word that failed), holds a
+			// membership back; a dropped tool or field is published.
 			{"a change that drops a tool is published", func(m map[string]any) map[string]any {
 				m["serves"] = append(m["serves"].([]any), map[string]any{"subject": "mesh.mod.mod-x.tool.gone"})
 				m["mesh"] = []any{"10.0.0.1"}
 				return m
-			}, true, ""},
+			}, true, "", ""},
+			{"a change that drops verified-sender its holder still asks for is not published, and named", verified, false, "channel telegram verified-sender of a/mod-x", telegramClaim},
+			{"a change that drops verified-sender its holder no longer asks for is published", verified, true, `"published":"published"`, `[{"name":"channel","scope":"mesh","kind":"telegram"}]`},
 			{"a change that takes the last holder from a seat a placed module claims is not published, the seat named", func(m map[string]any) map[string]any {
 				m["seats"] = []any{map[string]any{"seat": brokerName, "verb": brokerVerb, "subject": "mesh.seat." + brokerName + ".tool." + brokerVerb}}
 				return m
-			}, false, "the last holder of " + brokerName},
+			}, false, "the last holder of " + brokerName, ""},
 			// A verb the seat catalogue retired on purpose (mark-ready, mesh-sdk d506f21, ADR 0421) is dropped and named; a
 			// verb of a seat the catalogue does not define is still a loss (issue 1945).
 			{"a change that drops only a retired seat verb is published, the verb named", func(m map[string]any) map[string]any {
 				m["seats"] = []any{map[string]any{"seat": "mesh-delivery", "verb": "mark-ready", "subject": "mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.mark-ready"}}
 				return m
-			}, true, "mesh-delivery mark-ready"},
+			}, true, "mesh-delivery mark-ready", ""},
 			{"a seat no placed module claims dropped is published", func(m map[string]any) map[string]any {
 				m["seats"] = []any{map[string]any{"seat": "mesh-delivery", "verb": "mark-ready", "subject": "mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.mark-ready"},
 					map[string]any{"seat": "telegram-sender", "verb": "send", "subject": "mesh.seat.telegram-sender.tool.send"}}
 				return m
-			}, true, "mesh-delivery mark-ready"},
+			}, true, "mesh-delivery mark-ready", ""},
 		} {
 			t.Run(row.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 				b := fixture()
+				if row.claims != "" {
+					b.manifestOf("mod-x", strings.Replace(xManifest, `"own-secrets"`, `"claims":`+row.claims+`,"own-secrets"`, 1))
+				}
 				b.loaded = shadowOf(t, b)
 				if row.last != nil {
 					raw, _ := json.Marshal(row.last(composed(b)))
diff --git a/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/memberships.go b/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/memberships.go
index fbbcb24..af81735 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/memberships.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/memberships.go
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ func publish(p Publisher, m Membership, h Holdings, held map[string]bool) (Membe
 	}
 	// A membership is held back only when it would take the last holder from a seat some placed module still claims (the
 	// 09:21 kind of issue 1945; the lead's decision in review round 1 of its fix, replacing the hold on any loss of review
-	// 1ff5049): a dropped tool or verb, or a seat handed to another node, is published.
+	// 1ff5049), or drop a capability a kind's holder still asks for (verified-sender, dropped by a root-free word that
+	// failed): a dropped tool or verb, or a seat handed to another node, is published.
 	if found {
 		kept, retired := WithoutRetired(was)
 		m.Retired = retired
@@ -115,6 +116,10 @@ func publish(p Publisher, m Membership, h Holdings, held map[string]bool) (Membe
 				m.Published = ShadowDifference + "the last holder of " + strings.Join(lost, ", ")
 				return m, false
 			}
+			if lost := h.CapabilitiesLost(last, m.Membership); len(lost) > 0 {
+				m.Published = CapabilityDifference + strings.Join(lost, "; ")
+				return m, false
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if err := p.PublishMembership(m.Node, m.Module, body, seq); err != nil {
@@ -200,12 +205,14 @@ const ShadowDifference = "not published, a shadow difference: publishing would l
 type Holdings struct {
 	Claimed map[string]bool
 	Scopes  map[string]string
+	// Asked is every capability an assigned module's claim of a kind asks for, `<node>/<module>/<seat>/<kind>/<capability>`.
+	Asked map[string]bool
 }
 
 // HoldingsOf is the holdings the assigned modules claim now, by their running manifest or the trunk's, each scope as the
 // seat's declaration says (the seat catalogue, or the manifest defining it), else the claim's. Pure.
 func HoldingsOf(in Inputs) Holdings {
-	h := Holdings{Claimed: map[string]bool{}, Scopes: map[string]string{}}
+	h := Holdings{Claimed: map[string]bool{}, Scopes: map[string]string{}, Asked: map[string]bool{}}
 	for _, m := range in.Manifests {
 		for _, d := range m.DefinesSeats {
 			if d.Scope != "" {
@@ -228,6 +235,9 @@ func HoldingsOf(in Inputs) Holdings {
 					h.Scopes[seat] = c.At()
 				}
 				h.Claimed[h.key(seat, node)] = true
+				for _, capability := range c.Capabilities {
+					h.Asked[askedKey(node, module, seat, c.Kind, capability)] = true
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -301,3 +311,40 @@ func (h Holdings) LastHolders(before, now map[string]bool) []string {
 	sort.Strings(out)
 	return out
 }
+
+func askedKey(node, module, seat, kind, capability string) string {
+	return node + "/" + module + "/" + canonicalSeat(seat) + "/" + kind + "/" + capability
+}
+
+// CapabilitiesLost is every capability a kind's holder carries in the membership in force (its seat traffic's kinds) that
+// the composed one lacks while that holder is still assigned and its manifest's claim still asks for it, `<seat> <kind>
+// <capability> of <node>/<module>`, sorted. Such a drop comes from a word that failed for one pass (the controller's
+// root-free verb drops verified-sender), not from a release, and losing verified-sender stops the operator's approvals by
+// a channel (issue 1945; review 1ff5049's protection, kept by the lead in review round 1 of its fix). Pure.
+func (h Holdings) CapabilitiesLost(last, now membership.Membership) []string {
+	if last.SeatTraffic == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	has := map[string]bool{}
+	if now.SeatTraffic != nil {
+		for _, k := range now.SeatTraffic.Kinds {
+			for _, c := range k.Capabilities {
+				has[askedKey(k.Node, k.Module, k.Seat, k.Kind, c)] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	var out []string
+	for _, k := range last.SeatTraffic.Kinds {
+		for _, c := range k.Capabilities {
+			if key := askedKey(k.Node, k.Module, k.Seat, k.Kind, c); !has[key] && h.Asked[key] {
+				out = append(out, k.Seat+" "+k.Kind+" "+c+" of "+k.Node+"/"+k.Module)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return slices.Compact(out)
+}
+
+// CapabilityDifference opens what a membership's pass says when it was not published because it would drop a capability
+// its holder still asks for.
+const CapabilityDifference = ShadowDifference + "a capability its holder still asks for: "
diff --git a/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/part.go b/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/part.go
index 371f873..7756720 100644
--- a/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/part.go
+++ b/modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/part.go
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ type Result struct {
 }
 
 // NothingTakesEffect is what every composition says it did on the bus beyond its own state and the memberships.
-const NothingTakesEffect = "memberships (on the assignments stream, unless one would leave a seat a placed module claims with no holder, which stays a shadow difference), and each bucket, log or stream a manifest declares that the bus lacks, created once with the manifest's limits (the operator, 2026-10-26 08:54); the user list, the grants and any change to a stream the bus holds stay in shadow until take-over"
+const NothingTakesEffect = "memberships (on the assignments stream, unless one would leave a seat a placed module claims with no holder, or drop a capability its holder still asks for, which stays a shadow difference), and each bucket, log or stream a manifest declares that the bus lacks, created once with the manifest's limits (the operator, 2026-10-26 08:54); the user list, the grants and any change to a stream the bus holds stay in shadow until take-over"
 
 // Part is the grants part: it reads, calls and writes through these, and nothing else.
 type Part struct {