The grants part takes a first view of every binding from the seat mesh-broker's list

At each start and on grants_first_view_again with state bindings, the part asks
list, writes the bindings the answer carries that it holds none of or another of,
keeps and raises binding-unlisted for those the answer omits, never writes over
an event heard since the ask, holds the seat's events until the answer or the
bound, and raises first-view-unanswered naming mesh-broker and list past two
minutes while composing as before. grants_first_views shows the first view
beside the others. Cases are rows and subtests of the existing tests.

Builds: design 25 bindings-first-view §1, §3, §4, §5, §6, §7, §8 (hq d0760629, PR 543)

Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01JG73KEq4zoDfM9WtYpcQgZ

modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/integration_test.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/go/clients/nodeengineclient"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/go/seats/meshmoduleassigner"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/go/seats/nodeengine"
+	occ "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/operator-and-conversation/go/clients/operatorchannelclient"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-delivery/contracts/go/clients/meshcatalogclient"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-delivery/contracts/go/seats/meshcatalog"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-delivery/modules/mesh-grants/grantsstate"
@@ -216,6 +217,50 @@ func TestTheGrantsPartWhole(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
+	// Design 25 bindings-first-view §8: the bus module answers the seat mesh-broker's list with an entry whose created was never
+	// said, once it is answering; until then the ask is refused as of a holder not yet connected.
+	var listing atomic.Bool
+	for _, subject := range []string{"mesh.seat.mesh-broker.call.list.>", "mesh.seat.mesh-broker.tool.list"} {
+		if _, err := nc.Subscribe(subject, func(m *nats.Msg) {
+			if !listing.Load() {
+				_ = m.Respond([]byte(`{"error":"not connected yet","node":"a"}`))
+				return
+			}
+			answer(m, map[string]any{"entries": []any{
+				map[string]any{"module": "mod-c", "local-name": "late", "storage-type": "key-value", "template": "state", "bus-name": "mod-c_late",
+					"settings": map[string]any{"mod-c_late": map[string]any{}},
+					"binding":  map[string]any{"local": "late", "storage": "key-value", "template": "state", "bucket": "mod-c_late"}},
+				map[string]any{"module": "mod-c", "local-name": "waiting", "storage-type": "key-value", "template": "state", "bus-name": "mod-c_waiting",
+					"state": "waiting"},
+			}})
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	// The conditions the part said, by key, as last said.
+	conditionsSaid := func() map[string]string {
+		out := map[string]string{}
+		st, err := js.Stream(ctx, "CONDITIONS")
+		if err != nil {
+			return out
+		}
+		info, _ := st.Info(ctx)
+		for seq := info.State.FirstSeq; seq != 0 && seq <= info.State.LastSeq; seq++ {
+			raw, err := st.GetMsg(ctx, seq)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if c, err := occ.DecodeCondition(raw.Data); err == nil {
+				out[c.Key] = string(c.State)
+			}
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+	bindingsBoundAndWaits := func() {
+		bindingsTiming.bound, bindingsTiming.wait, bindingsTiming.max = 300*time.Millisecond, 50*time.Millisecond, 100*time.Millisecond
+	}
+	bindingsBoundAndWaits()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { bindingsTiming.bound, bindingsTiming.wait, bindingsTiming.max = 0, 0, 0 })
 	// A membership is never said on its subject any more (issue 1126).
 	var said atomic.Int32
 	if _, err := nc.Subscribe("mesh.assignment.>", func(*nats.Msg) { said.Add(1) }); err != nil {
@@ -241,7 +286,7 @@ func TestTheGrantsPartWhole(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 		}
-		t.Fatalf("never saw: %s", what)
+		t.Fatalf("never saw: %s\n%s", what, logged.tail("binding"))
 	}
 	until("every first view asked and refused once", func() bool { return refusedAsks.Load() >= int32(len(grants.FirstViews)) })
 	until("the part saying it waits on the indexer and the assigner", func() bool {
@@ -310,13 +355,42 @@ func TestTheGrantsPartWhole(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
+	// With list unanswered the part has composed every account (mod-c's membership is above), says past its bound that the
+	// bindings' first view is unanswered, naming the seat and the verb, and applies the created heard meanwhile.
 	sayBroker("created", membership.BusBinding{Local: "kept", Storage: "key-value", Template: "state", Bucket: "mod-c_kept"})
-	until("mod-c's binding in its membership after created", func() bool {
+	until("mod-c's binding in its membership after created, list unanswered", func() bool {
 		b := bindingOf()
 		return len(b) == 1 && b[0].Bucket == "mod-c_kept"
 	})
+	until("first-view-unanswered raised for mesh-broker's list", func() bool {
+		return conditionsSaid()[grants.FirstViewUnanswered+".mesh-broker.bindings"] == "raised"
+	})
+	// The bus module answers: the entry whose created was never said gets its binding; the one the answer does not list (kept)
+	// stays and raises binding-unlisted; an entry listed without a binding changes nothing; the answer clears the first
+	// view's condition.
+	listing.Store(true)
+	until("the binding of the entry created never said, kept beside the one the answer does not list", func() bool {
+		b := bindingOf()
+		return len(b) == 2 && b[0].Bucket == "mod-c_kept" && b[1].Bucket == "mod-c_late"
+	})
+	until("binding-unlisted raised for the kept binding and first-view-unanswered cleared", func() bool {
+		said := conditionsSaid()
+		return said[grants.BindingUnlisted+".mod-c.kept"] == "raised" && said[grants.FirstViewUnanswered+".mesh-broker.bindings"] == "cleared" &&
+			said[grants.BindingUnlisted+".mod-c.late"] == "" && said[grants.BindingUnlisted+".mod-c.waiting"] == ""
+	})
+	// A person asks again by hand (state bindings): asked once more, the same answer changes nothing it holds.
+	askedAgain, _ := json.Marshal(grants.Ask{By: "jochen@shanks", At: time.Now(), FirstView: grants.FirstViewBindings})
+	if _, err := kvs[grants.Module+"."+grants.StateUserList].Put(ctx, grants.KeyAsked, askedAgain); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	until("the bindings asked once more by hand", func() bool {
+		return logged.has("the first view of the bindings (" + grants.CallBrokerList + ") once more by hand")
+	})
 	sayBroker("dropped", membership.BusBinding{Local: "kept"})
-	until("mod-c's binding gone after dropped", func() bool { return len(bindingOf()) == 0 })
+	until("mod-c's kept binding gone after dropped, its unlisted condition cleared", func() bool {
+		b := bindingOf()
+		return len(b) == 1 && b[0].Bucket == "mod-c_late" && conditionsSaid()[grants.BindingUnlisted+".mod-c.kept"] == "cleared"
+	})
 	for _, bucket := range []string{"mesh-controller_lease", grants.Module + "_lease", grants.Module + "_takeover"} {
 		if _, err := js.KeyValue(ctx, bucket); !errors.Is(err, jetstream.ErrBucketNotFound) {
 			t.Errorf("the bucket %s: %v, want none", bucket, err)
@@ -424,3 +498,16 @@ func (l *lockedLog) has(s string) bool {
 	defer l.mu.Unlock()
 	return strings.Contains(l.buf.String(), s)
 }
+
+// tail is the lines of the log that contain s, for a failure to name what the part said of it.
+func (l *lockedLog) tail(s string) string {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	var out []string
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(l.buf.String(), "\n") {
+		if strings.Contains(line, s) {
+			out = append(out, line)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(out, "\n")
+}

modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/main.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }
 
+// bindingsTiming is the bound and the waits of the first view of the bindings; zero is the design's (two minutes; from ten
+// seconds, doubling, at most five minutes: design 25 bindings-first-view §5). The whole-module test sets small ones.
+var bindingsTiming struct{ bound, wait, max time.Duration }
+
 // keptStates is what the part keeps (ADR 0495 §2-§3): each readable, for the view and a session, but the wanted accounts,
 // by the vault alone (ADR 0561 §2).
 func keptStates() []announce.State { return grants.Announced() }
@@ -131,6 +136,14 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, getenv func(string) string, logOut io.Writer) erro
 		Objects: sealedObjects{ctx: ctx, js: js}, Purging: ownPurging{ctx: ctx, js: js, module: account.Module}, Logf: logger.Printf,
 		Bus: grants.BusAddress{URL: account.URL, Fingerprint: account.Fingerprint}}
 	f.Watch = fv
+	// The first view of the bindings (design 25 bindings-first-view): the seat mesh-broker's list, asked at each start and by
+	// hand, with the seat's events held until its answer is applied or its bound passes.
+	f.Part.Bindings = &grants.BindingsView{Say: sayCond, Changed: f.Wake, Logf: logger.Printf,
+		Bound: bindingsTiming.bound, Wait: bindingsTiming.wait, MaxWait: bindingsTiming.max,
+		Ask: func(context.Context) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+			return grants.Unwrapped(conn.Call)(grants.CallBrokerList, map[string]any{})
+		}}
+	f.Part.Bindings.Start(ctx, f.Part)
 	// The seat list: read over the connection and the hub, given to catalogue at every change, and a pass composes again then.
 	gate := &seatGate{}
 	gate.follow(seatlist.ProcessBus(conn.Call, hub), f.Wake, logger.Printf)

modules/mesh-grants/cmd/mesh-grants/tools.go

@@ -236,13 +236,15 @@ func toolsOf(p *grants.Part) []stdio.Tool {
 		{Name: grants.ToolFirstViews, Description: "The grants part's first views of the owners' states (novox/hq ADR 0615 §4 to §6, " +
 			"ADR 0622): the assigner's assignments and wants, the indexer's manifests, modules and verdicts, each with its owner, tool " +
 			"and the revision its picture holds, when it asked and when it was answered, how many asks and hand acts, and whether " +
-			"its condition is raised, as the part's process last kept them. Read-only.",
+			"its condition is raised, as the part's process last kept them; and the first view of the bindings, asked of the seat " +
+			"mesh-broker's list: how many entries it listed, how many bindings it wrote and rewrote, and the bindings it found " +
+			"unlisted (design 25 bindings-first-view). Read-only.",
 			Run: func(map[string]any) (any, error) { return p.FirstViewsOf() }},
 		{Name: grants.ToolFirstViewAgain, Description: "Ask one of the grants part's first views once more now (assignments, wants, " +
-			"manifests, modules or verdicts; none for all), by a person's act with why, recorded as a hand act: the step after an " +
+			"manifests, modules, verdicts or bindings, the bus module's list of every entry's binding; none for all), by a person's act with why, recorded as a hand act: the step after an " +
 			"owner's state was written again from its sources (an empty answer at revision 0, condition " +
 			"mesh-grants.first-view-empty). Asks the part's process, which alone follows them; grants_first_views shows the answer.",
-			Input: schema(map[string]string{"state": "assignments, wants, manifests, modules or verdicts; none for all", "why": "why, kept in the hand act"}, "why"),
+			Input: schema(map[string]string{"state": "assignments, wants, manifests, modules, verdicts or bindings; none for all", "why": "why, kept in the hand act"}, "why"),
 			Run: func(a map[string]any) (any, error) {
 				return p.AskFirstViewAgain(stdio.CallerOf(a), grants.Answer(a, "state"), grants.Answer(a, "why"), recordHandAct)
 			}},

modules/mesh-grants/grants_test.go

@@ -3051,6 +3051,256 @@ func TestGrants(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	// Design 25 bindings-first-view §3 to §6, §8: the part's first view of the bindings, the seat mesh-broker's list. One row
+	// per case of §4 (a binding written, the same one writes nothing, a different one rewritten, an entry listed without a
+	// binding, a binding the answer omits kept with its condition and cleared when listed again or dropped, an event heard
+	// since the ask not written over, a bus module from before the field), then the start (events held until the answer, a
+	// created heard while the bus module does not answer applied past the bound, the condition naming the seat and the verb)
+	// and the tools.
+	t.Run("bindings first view: the answer of mesh-broker's list is reconciled with what the events brought", func(t *testing.T) {
+		entry := func(local, bucket string) map[string]any {
+			return map[string]any{"module": "mod-x", "local-name": local, "storage-type": "key-value", "template": "state", "bus-name": "mod-x_" + local,
+				"settings": map[string]any{"mod-x_" + local: map[string]any{}},
+				"binding":  map[string]any{"local": local, "storage": "key-value", "template": "state", "bucket": bucket}}
+		}
+		withoutBinding := map[string]any{"module": "mod-x", "local-name": "waiting", "storage-type": "key-value", "bus-name": "mod-x_waiting", "state": "waiting"}
+		oldBusModule := map[string]any{"module": "mod-x", "local-name": "late", "storage-type": "key-value", "bus-name": "mod-x_late",
+			"settings": map[string]any{"mod-x_late": map[string]any{}}}
+		// A bus module's setup: the part with the first view, the conditions it said, the bindings it keeps for mod-x.
+		type setup struct {
+			b      *fakeBus
+			p      *grants.Part
+			v      *grants.BindingsView
+			said   map[string]string
+			raised map[string]oc.Condition
+			logs   []string
+			ask    func() []any
+			mu     sync.Mutex
+		}
+		newSetup := func() *setup {
+			st := &setup{b: fixture(), said: map[string]string{}, raised: map[string]oc.Condition{}}
+			st.p = partOn(st.b)
+			st.p.Compose()
+			st.v = &grants.BindingsView{Changed: func() {}, Pause: func(context.Context, time.Duration) bool { return true },
+				Say: func(c oc.Condition) error {
+					st.mu.Lock()
+					st.said[c.Key] = string(c.State)
+					if string(c.State) == "raised" {
+						st.raised[c.Key] = c
+					}
+					st.mu.Unlock()
+					return nil
+				},
+				Logf: func(f string, a ...any) {
+					st.mu.Lock()
+					st.logs = append(st.logs, fmt.Sprintf(f, a...))
+					st.mu.Unlock()
+				}}
+			st.v.Ask = func(context.Context) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+				return json.Marshal(map[string]any{"entries": st.ask()})
+			}
+			st.p.Bindings = st.v
+			return st
+		}
+		kept := func(st *setup) map[string]string {
+			raw, _, found, _ := st.b.ownGet(grants.StateMemberships, grants.BoundKey("mod-x"))
+			out := map[string]string{}
+			if found {
+				var bound grants.Bound
+				_ = json.Unmarshal(raw, &bound)
+				for local, b := range bound.Bindings {
+					out[local] = b.Bucket
+				}
+			}
+			return out
+		}
+		hear := func(st *setup, event, local, bucket string) {
+			body, _ := json.Marshal(grants.BrokerEvent{V: 1, Module: "mod-x", Local: local, Storage: "key-value", Template: "state",
+				Binding: membership.BusBinding{Local: local, Storage: "key-value", Template: "state", Bucket: bucket}})
+			if _, err := st.p.HearBroker("mesh.seat.mesh-broker.event."+event, body, st.p.Brokers()); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, row := range []struct {
+			name    string
+			held    map[string]string // kept before, by local name
+			answer  []any
+			during  func(*setup) // heard while the ask runs
+			want    map[string]string
+			status  [3]int // written, rewritten, listed
+			said    map[string]string
+			legacy  bool
+			again   []any // a second answer
+			wantAgn map[string]string
+			saidAgn map[string]string
+		}{
+			{name: "a binding the events never brought is written", answer: []any{entry("late", "mod-x_late")}, want: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_late"}, status: [3]int{1, 0, 1}},
+			{name: "the same binding writes nothing", held: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_late"}, answer: []any{entry("late", "mod-x_late")},
+				want: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_late"}, status: [3]int{0, 0, 1}},
+			{name: "a different binding is rewritten", held: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_old"}, answer: []any{entry("late", "mod-x_late")},
+				want: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_late"}, status: [3]int{0, 1, 1}},
+			{name: "an entry listed without a binding changes nothing", held: map[string]string{"waiting": "mod-x_waiting"}, answer: []any{withoutBinding},
+				want: map[string]string{"waiting": "mod-x_waiting"}, status: [3]int{0, 0, 1}},
+			{name: "a binding the answer omits is kept, raises its condition, and a later answer that lists it clears it",
+				held: map[string]string{"gone": "mod-x_gone"}, answer: []any{}, want: map[string]string{"gone": "mod-x_gone"},
+				said:  map[string]string{grants.BindingUnlisted + ".mod-x.gone": "raised"},
+				again: []any{entry("gone", "mod-x_gone")}, wantAgn: map[string]string{"gone": "mod-x_gone"},
+				saidAgn: map[string]string{grants.BindingUnlisted + ".mod-x.gone": "cleared"}},
+			{name: "an event heard since the ask is not written over", answer: []any{entry("late", "mod-x_answer")},
+				during: func(st *setup) { hear(st, "created", "late", "mod-x_event") }, want: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_event"}, status: [3]int{0, 0, 1}},
+			{name: "a dropped heard since the ask is not written back, and raises nothing", held: map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_late"},
+				answer: []any{entry("late", "mod-x_late")}, during: func(st *setup) { hear(st, "dropped", "late", "") },
+				want: map[string]string{}, status: [3]int{0, 0, 1}, said: map[string]string{}},
+			{name: "an answer of a bus module from before the field writes nothing and says so once", answer: []any{oldBusModule},
+				want: map[string]string{}, status: [3]int{0, 0, 1}, legacy: true, again: []any{oldBusModule}, wantAgn: map[string]string{}},
+		} {
+			t.Run(row.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				st := newSetup()
+				for local, bucket := range row.held {
+					hear(st, "created", local, bucket)
+				}
+				answer := row.answer
+				st.ask = func() []any {
+					if row.during != nil {
+						row.during(st)
+					}
+					return answer
+				}
+				check := func(want map[string]string, said map[string]string) {
+					t.Helper()
+					if got := kept(st); !maps.Equal(got, want) {
+						t.Errorf("kept %v, want %v", got, want)
+					}
+					for k, v := range said {
+						if st.said[k] != v {
+							t.Errorf("condition %s is %q, want %q (said %v)", k, st.said[k], v, st.said)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if err := st.v.Run(context.Background(), st.p, "start", false); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				check(row.want, row.said)
+				if s := st.v.Status(); [3]int{s.Written, s.Rewritten, s.Listed} != row.status && !row.legacy && row.again == nil {
+					t.Errorf("status wrote %d, rewrote %d, listed %d; want %v", s.Written, s.Rewritten, s.Listed, row.status)
+				}
+				if row.again != nil {
+					answer, row.during = row.again, nil
+					if err := st.v.Run(context.Background(), st.p, "again", true); err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					check(row.wantAgn, row.saidAgn)
+					if st.v.Status().ByHand != 1 {
+						t.Errorf("by hand %d, want 1", st.v.Status().ByHand)
+					}
+				}
+				if told := strings.Count(strings.Join(st.logs, "\n"), "no binding (a bus module from before the field)"); row.legacy && told != 1 || !row.legacy && told != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("a bus module from before the field was told %d times", told)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+
+		// A dropped for an entry the part holds unlisted clears its condition.
+		t.Run("a dropped clears the unlisted condition of its binding", func(t *testing.T) {
+			st := newSetup()
+			hear(st, "created", "gone", "mod-x_gone")
+			st.ask = func() []any { return []any{} }
+			_ = st.v.Run(context.Background(), st.p, "start", false)
+			if st.said[grants.BindingUnlisted+".mod-x.gone"] != "raised" {
+				t.Fatalf("not raised: %v", st.said)
+			}
+			hear(st, "dropped", "gone", "")
+			if st.said[grants.BindingUnlisted+".mod-x.gone"] != "cleared" || len(kept(st)) != 0 {
+				t.Errorf("after dropped: %v, kept %v", st.said, kept(st))
+			}
+		})
+
+		// The start: the events heard before the answer wait for it and come after it, whichever was said later; with the bus
+		// module not answering the part has composed every account, raises past its bound the condition naming the seat and
+		// the verb, takes the events then, and the answer clears it.
+		t.Run("at a start the answer comes first; unanswered, the part raises past its bound and takes the events", func(t *testing.T) {
+			st := newSetup()
+			now := time.Date(2026, 11, 11, 3, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+			var failures atomic.Int32
+			failures.Store(5)
+			changed := make(chan struct{}, 64)
+			st.v.Changed = func() { changed <- struct{}{} }
+			st.v.Now = func() time.Time { st.mu.Lock(); defer st.mu.Unlock(); return now }
+			st.v.Pause = func(_ context.Context, d time.Duration) bool {
+				st.mu.Lock()
+				now = now.Add(d)
+				st.mu.Unlock()
+				return true
+			}
+			st.v.Ask = func(context.Context) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+				if failures.Add(-1) >= 0 {
+					return nil, errors.New("nats: no responders available for request")
+				}
+				return json.Marshal(map[string]any{"entries": []any{entry("late", "mod-x_event")}})
+			}
+			hold := make(chan struct{})
+			ask := st.v.Ask
+			st.v.Ask = func(ctx context.Context) (json.RawMessage, error) { <-hold; return ask(ctx) }
+			st.v.Start(context.Background(), st.p)
+			hear(st, "created", "late", "mod-x_event") // heard before the answer: held
+			if got := kept(st); len(got) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("an event was taken before the answer: %v", got)
+			}
+			close(hold)
+			deadline := time.After(10 * time.Second)
+			for !st.v.Status().Answered.After(time.Time{}) {
+				select {
+				case <-changed:
+				case <-deadline:
+					t.Fatalf("never answered: %+v", st.v.Status())
+				}
+			}
+			if got := kept(st); !maps.Equal(got, map[string]string{"late": "mod-x_event"}) {
+				t.Errorf("kept %v after the held created", got)
+			}
+			if st.said[grants.FirstViewUnanswered+".mesh-broker.bindings"] != "cleared" {
+				t.Errorf("the unanswered condition after the answer: %v", st.said)
+			}
+			c, ok := st.raised[grants.FirstViewUnanswered+".mesh-broker.bindings"]
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("never raised past its bound: %v", st.said)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(c.Summary, "mesh-broker") || !strings.Contains(c.Summary, "list") {
+				t.Errorf("the condition does not name the seat and the verb: %s", c.Summary)
+			}
+		})
+
+		// The tools: the first view is shown beside the others and asked again by a person's act, recorded as a hand act.
+		t.Run("the tools show and ask the bindings", func(t *testing.T) {
+			st := newSetup()
+			st.ask = func() []any { return []any{entry("late", "mod-x_late")} }
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			t.Cleanup(cancel)
+			st.p.FirstViewContext, st.p.Consumers = ctx, st.b // the process reads a tool's ask only with its consumers
+			st.p.Compose()
+			var acts []string
+			record := func(what, why string) error { acts = append(acts, what+": "+why); return nil }
+			if _, err := st.p.AskFirstViewAgain("jochen@shanks", "bindings", "a created was missed", record); err != nil || len(acts) != 1 || !strings.Contains(acts[0], "bindings") {
+				t.Fatalf("bindings again: %v %v", err, acts)
+			}
+			changed := make(chan struct{}, 64)
+			st.v.Changed = func() { changed <- struct{}{} }
+			st.p.Compose()
+			for st.v.Status().ByHand == 0 || !st.v.Status().Answered.After(time.Time{}) {
+				select {
+				case <-changed:
+				case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+					t.Fatalf("never asked by hand: %+v", st.v.Status())
+				}
+			}
+			st.p.Compose()
+			got, err := st.p.FirstViewsOf()
+			if raw, _ := json.Marshal(got); err != nil || !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"seat":"mesh-broker"`) || !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"by-hand":1`) || !strings.Contains(string(raw), `"written":1`) {
+				t.Errorf("grants_first_views = %s, %v", raw, err)
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
 	// Issue 1966 (F2), the conformance row: an entry asked in `requires` is granted where its old section is. For a
 	// key-value entry and an object store, the old section and the new form compose the same subjects for the module's
 	// own account, its process naming it and the tool runner carrying it, and issue the same state; a stream is granted

modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/bindings.go

@@ -79,11 +79,27 @@ func brokerEvent(event string, brokers map[string]bool) (string, bool) {
 // HearBroker applies one event heard to the kept bindings: a `created` or `recreated` writes the entry's binding, a
 // `dropped` removes it. It answers whether the kept bindings changed (so a pass composes again), or why the event was
 // not applied; an event that is no bus module's is no change and no error. brokers are the modules holding mesh-broker.
+//
+// At a start the answer of the first view comes first (design 25 bindings-first-view §3): an event of the seat heard before
+// the answer is applied, or before its bound passes, is held and taken after it, in the order heard.
 func (p *Part) HearBroker(event string, body []byte, brokers map[string]bool) (bool, error) {
+	if p.Bindings != nil && strings.HasPrefix(event, brokerEventPrefix) && p.Bindings.hold(event, body) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return p.hearBroker(event, body, brokers)
+}
+
+// brokerEventPrefix starts the subject of every event of the seat mesh-broker.
+const brokerEventPrefix = "mesh.seat." + meshbroker.Seat + ".event."
+
+// hearBroker applies one event, the first view's hold already passed.
+func (p *Part) hearBroker(event string, body []byte, brokers map[string]bool) (bool, error) {
 	name, ok := brokerEvent(event, brokers)
 	if !ok {
 		return false, nil
 	}
+	p.bindMu.Lock()
+	defer p.bindMu.Unlock()
 	var e BrokerEvent
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &e); err != nil {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("the bus module's %s does not read: %w", name, err)
@@ -98,6 +114,10 @@ func (p *Part) HearBroker(event string, body []byte, brokers map[string]bool) (b
 		return false, err
 	}
 	was, had := b.Bindings[local]
+	if p.Bindings != nil {
+		// Named since the last ask of the first view was sent, so an answer never writes over it (§4).
+		p.Bindings.touch(e.Module, local, name == BrokerDropped)
+	}
 	switch name {
 	case BrokerDropped:
 		if !had {

modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/bindingsview.go

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+package grants
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/go/seats/meshbroker"
+	occ "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/operator-and-conversation/go/clients/operatorchannelclient"
+	oc "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-contracts/operator-and-conversation/go/seats/operatorchannel"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/membership"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/views"
+)
+
+// **The first view of the bindings** (design 25 bindings-first-view). The bus module's events were the binding's only
+// source, so an event the part never heard lost the binding for good. The part now asks the seat mesh-broker's `list` once
+// at each start (§3) and again when a person asks (grants_first_view_again, state `bindings`), never on a timer, and takes
+// each binding the answer carries into its kept bindings (§4). The live events stay the way a binding changes between starts.
+
+// The first view of the bindings: its name for grants_first_view_again, the seat and verb it asks, and its conditions.
+const (
+	FirstViewBindings = "bindings"
+	BrokerSeat        = meshbroker.Seat
+	BrokerListVerb    = meshbroker.VerbList
+	// CallBrokerList is the seat's verb as the manifest's invokes names it.
+	CallBrokerList = "seat:" + meshbroker.Seat + "." + meshbroker.VerbList
+	// BindingUnlisted is the condition of a binding the part holds that the bus module no longer lists (§4), one per binding.
+	BindingUnlisted = "mesh-grants.binding-unlisted"
+)
+
+// BindingsStatus is what the part's tools say of the first view of the bindings (§6), kept beside the other first views.
+type BindingsStatus struct {
+	Seat     string    `json:"seat"`
+	Verb     string    `json:"verb"`
+	Asked    time.Time `json:"asked,omitzero"`
+	Answered time.Time `json:"answered,omitzero"`
+	// Listed is how many entries the last answer listed; Written and Rewritten how many bindings it wrote and rewrote.
+	Listed    int `json:"listed"`
+	Written   int `json:"written"`
+	Rewritten int `json:"rewritten"`
+	// Unlisted are the bindings the part holds that the last answer did not list, `<module>/<local name>`.
+	Unlisted []string `json:"unlisted,omitempty"`
+	Asks     int      `json:"asks"`
+	ByHand   int      `json:"by-hand"`
+	// Raised is whether the condition first-view-unanswered is raised for it.
+	Raised bool   `json:"raised"`
+	Why    string `json:"why,omitempty"`
+	Error  string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// BindingsView is the first view of the bindings.
+type BindingsView struct {
+	// Ask calls the seat's list and answers its reply as the tool's own text (the process's connection).
+	Ask func(ctx context.Context) (json.RawMessage, error)
+	// Say says a condition; nil says none. Changed wakes a pass; Logf logs; Now is the clock.
+	Say     func(oc.Condition) error
+	Changed func()
+	Logf    func(string, ...any)
+	Now     func() time.Time
+	// Pause waits d between two asks and answers false once ctx ended; nil waits on the context's bound.
+	Pause func(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) bool
+	// Bound is how long it asks before it raises its condition (two minutes: views.Bound when zero); Wait the first wait
+	// between two asks that failed (ten seconds when zero), doubling to MaxWait (five minutes when zero).
+	Bound   time.Duration
+	Wait    time.Duration
+	MaxWait time.Duration
+
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	st      BindingsStatus
+	asking  bool
+	holding bool
+	held    []heldEvent
+	touched map[string]bool
+	raised  map[string]bool // the unlisted conditions raised, by `<module>/<local name>`
+	legacy  bool
+}
+
+type heldEvent struct {
+	event string
+	body  []byte
+}
+
+func (v *BindingsView) now() time.Time {
+	if v.Now != nil {
+		return v.Now().UTC()
+	}
+	return time.Now().UTC()
+}
+
+func (v *BindingsView) logf(format string, args ...any) {
+	if v.Logf != nil {
+		v.Logf(format, args...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *BindingsView) wake() {
+	if v.Changed != nil {
+		v.Changed()
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *BindingsView) say(c oc.Condition) {
+	if v.Say == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := v.Say(c); err != nil {
+		v.logf("the condition %s could not be said: %v", c.Key, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Status is the first view's status now.
+func (v *BindingsView) Status() BindingsStatus {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+	return v.statusLocked()
+}
+
+func (v *BindingsView) statusLocked() BindingsStatus {
+	s := v.st
+	s.Seat, s.Verb = BrokerSeat, BrokerListVerb
+	s.Unlisted = slices.Sorted(func(yield func(string) bool) {
+		for k := range v.raised {
+			if !yield(k) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	return s
+}
+
+func localKey(module, local string) string { return module + "/" + local }
+
+// hold keeps an event of the seat heard before the first view is applied (§3), and says whether it did.
+func (v *BindingsView) hold(event string, body []byte) bool {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+	if !v.holding {
+		return false
+	}
+	v.held = append(v.held, heldEvent{event, slices.Clone(body)})
+	return true
+}
+
+// touch notes that an event named the entry since the last ask was sent, so an answer never writes over it (§4); a dropped
+// one also clears the entry's unlisted condition.
+func (v *BindingsView) touch(module, local string, dropped bool) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	if v.touched == nil {
+		v.touched = map[string]bool{}
+	}
+	v.touched[localKey(module, local)] = true
+	clear := dropped && v.raised[localKey(module, local)]
+	if clear {
+		delete(v.raised, localKey(module, local))
+	}
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	if clear {
+		v.say(unlistedCondition(module, local, false))
+	}
+}
+
+// Run asks the first view and answers when it is answered (or ctx ends); Start runs it on a goroutine of its own.
+func (v *BindingsView) Run(ctx context.Context, p *Part, why string, byHand bool) error {
+	return v.askUntil(ctx, p, why, byHand)
+}
+
+// Start asks the first view once at the part's start, on a goroutine of its own, holding the seat's events until the answer
+// is applied or the bound passes (§3). The unlisted conditions raised before the start are read from the part's kept status.
+func (v *BindingsView) Start(ctx context.Context, p *Part) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	v.holding = true
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	v.seed(p)
+	go func() { _ = v.askUntil(ctx, p, "start", false) }()
+}
+
+// Again asks the first view once more by hand (grants_first_view_again), on a goroutine of its own.
+func (v *BindingsView) Again(ctx context.Context, p *Part, why string) {
+	go func() { _ = v.askUntil(ctx, p, "by hand: "+why, true) }()
+}
+
+// seed reads the unlisted bindings the last run kept, so a later answer that lists them clears their conditions.
+func (v *BindingsView) seed(p *Part) {
+	raw, _, found, err := p.Store.Get(StateUserList, KeyFirstViews)
+	if err != nil || !found {
+		return
+	}
+	var st FirstViewsState
+	if json.Unmarshal(raw, &st) != nil || st.Bindings == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+	v.raised = map[string]bool{}
+	for _, k := range st.Bindings.Unlisted {
+		v.raised[k] = true
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *BindingsView) pause(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) bool {
+	if v.Pause != nil {
+		return v.Pause(ctx, d)
+	}
+	t, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, d)
+	<-t.Done()
+	cancel()
+	return ctx.Err() == nil
+}
+
+// askUntil asks until the bus module answers or ctx ends: from ten seconds, doubling, at most every five minutes (§5).
+// Past the bound it raises first-view-unanswered, releases the events it holds, and keeps asking; the answer clears it.
+func (v *BindingsView) askUntil(ctx context.Context, p *Part, why string, byHand bool) error {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	if v.asking {
+		v.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil // one ask at a time
+	}
+	v.asking = true
+	v.st.Why = why
+	if byHand {
+		v.st.ByHand++
+	}
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	defer func() {
+		v.mu.Lock()
+		v.asking = false
+		v.mu.Unlock()
+	}()
+	bound, wait, max := v.Bound, v.Wait, v.MaxWait
+	if bound == 0 {
+		bound = views.Bound
+	}
+	if wait == 0 {
+		wait = 10 * time.Second
+	}
+	if max == 0 {
+		max = 5 * time.Minute
+	}
+	first := v.now()
+	for {
+		v.mu.Lock()
+		v.touched = map[string]bool{} // what an event names from here on is newer than this ask
+		v.st.Asked = v.now()
+		v.st.Asks++
+		v.mu.Unlock()
+		raw, err := v.Ask(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			err = v.apply(p, raw)
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		v.mu.Lock()
+		v.st.Error = err.Error()
+		raise := !v.st.Raised && v.now().Sub(first) >= bound
+		if raise {
+			v.st.Raised = true
+		}
+		v.mu.Unlock()
+		v.logf("the first view %s of the bindings is not answered (%v): asked again in %s", CallBrokerList, err, wait)
+		if raise {
+			v.say(bindingsUnansweredCondition(true, v.Status()))
+			v.release(p)
+		}
+		v.wake()
+		if !v.pause(ctx, wait) {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		if wait *= 2; wait > max {
+			wait = max
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// release takes the events held, in the order heard, after the answer or past the bound.
+func (v *BindingsView) release(p *Part) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	held := v.held
+	v.held, v.holding = nil, false
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	changed := false
+	for _, e := range held {
+		if c, err := p.hearBroker(e.event, e.body, p.Brokers()); err != nil {
+			v.logf("%v: not applied", err)
+		} else if c {
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	if changed {
+		v.wake()
+	}
+}
+
+// apply takes an answer of list into the kept bindings (§4) and then the events held (§3).
+func (v *BindingsView) apply(p *Part, raw json.RawMessage) error {
+	var answer meshbroker.ListAnswer
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &answer); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s answered what is not a list: %w", CallBrokerList, err)
+	}
+	p.bindMu.Lock()
+	written, rewritten, holdsNoBinding, err := v.take(p, answer.Entries)
+	p.bindMu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if holdsNoBinding > 0 {
+		v.mu.Lock()
+		said := v.legacy
+		v.legacy = true
+		v.mu.Unlock()
+		if !said {
+			v.logf("the seat %s's verb %s lists %d entries whose objects the bus holds with no binding (a bus module from before the field): nothing is written from the answer, and the events are heard as before", BrokerSeat, BrokerListVerb, holdsNoBinding)
+		}
+	}
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	wasRaised := v.st.Raised
+	v.st.Raised, v.st.Error = false, ""
+	v.st.Answered = v.now()
+	v.st.Listed = len(answer.Entries)
+	v.st.Written, v.st.Rewritten = written, rewritten
+	status := v.statusLocked()
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	if wasRaised {
+		v.say(bindingsUnansweredCondition(false, status))
+	}
+	v.release(p)
+	v.wake()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// take writes the bindings of the entries an event did not name since the ask was sent, keeps every binding the answer does
+// not list and raises its unlisted condition, and answers how many bindings it wrote and rewrote, and how many entries it
+// lists with their objects held and no binding. The caller holds the part's bindMu.
+func (v *BindingsView) take(p *Part, entries []meshbroker.Held) (written, rewritten, noBinding int, err error) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	touched := copyOf(v.touched)
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	listed := map[string]bool{}
+	byModule := map[string][]meshbroker.Held{}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		listed[localKey(e.Module, e.LocalName)] = true
+		if e.Binding == nil {
+			if len(e.Settings) > 0 {
+				noBinding++
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		byModule[e.Module] = append(byModule[e.Module], e)
+	}
+	modules := make([]string, 0, len(byModule))
+	for m := range byModule {
+		modules = append(modules, m)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(modules)
+	for _, module := range modules {
+		if strings.Contains(module, ".") || module == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		b, berr := p.bound(module)
+		if berr != nil {
+			return written, rewritten, noBinding, berr
+		}
+		changed := false
+		for _, e := range byModule[module] {
+			if touched[localKey(module, e.LocalName)] || e.LocalName == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			bind, ok := membershipBinding(e)
+			if !ok {
+				v.logf("the binding of %s %s in the answer of %s does not read: not written", module, e.LocalName, CallBrokerList)
+				continue
+			}
+			was, had := b.Bindings[e.LocalName]
+			if had && len(bind.Types) == 0 {
+				bind.Types = was.Types // the bus module's events leave the types to the manifest's verdict (§2)
+			}
+			if had && sameBinding(was, bind) {
+				continue
+			}
+			b.Bindings[e.LocalName] = bind
+			changed = true
+			if had {
+				rewritten++
+				v.logf("the binding of %s %s was rewritten, the cause the first view of the bindings (%s)", module, e.LocalName, CallBrokerList)
+			} else {
+				written++
+				v.logf("the binding of %s %s was written, the cause the first view of the bindings (%s)", module, e.LocalName, CallBrokerList)
+			}
+		}
+		if changed {
+			raw, _ := json.Marshal(b)
+			if _, perr := p.Store.Put(StateMemberships, BoundKey(module), raw); perr != nil {
+				return written, rewritten, noBinding, fmt.Errorf("its own %s %s cannot be written: %w", StateMemberships, BoundKey(module), perr)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return written, rewritten, noBinding, v.unlisted(p, listed, touched)
+}
+
+// unlisted keeps every binding the answer does not list and raises its condition, one per binding; a binding it lists again
+// clears it (§4).
+func (v *BindingsView) unlisted(p *Part, listed, touched map[string]bool) error {
+	keys, err := p.Store.Keys(StateMemberships)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("its own %s cannot be listed: %w", StateMemberships, err)
+	}
+	holds := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		module, ok := strings.CutPrefix(key, BoundPrefix)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		b, berr := p.bound(module)
+		if berr != nil {
+			return berr
+		}
+		for local := range b.Bindings {
+			holds[localKey(module, local)] = true
+		}
+	}
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	if v.raised == nil {
+		v.raised = map[string]bool{}
+	}
+	var raise, clearing []string
+	for k := range holds {
+		switch {
+		case listed[k] && v.raised[k]:
+			clearing = append(clearing, k)
+		case !listed[k] && !touched[k] && !v.raised[k]:
+			raise = append(raise, k)
+		}
+	}
+	for k := range v.raised { // a raised one the part no longer holds is gone with its binding
+		if !holds[k] {
+			clearing = append(clearing, k)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, k := range raise {
+		v.raised[k] = true
+	}
+	for _, k := range clearing {
+		delete(v.raised, k)
+	}
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	sort.Strings(raise)
+	sort.Strings(clearing)
+	for _, k := range raise {
+		module, local, _ := strings.Cut(k, "/")
+		v.logf("the binding of %s %s is held and the bus module no longer lists it: kept, and %s raised", module, local, BindingUnlisted)
+		v.say(unlistedCondition(module, local, true))
+	}
+	for _, k := range clearing {
+		module, local, _ := strings.Cut(k, "/")
+		v.say(unlistedCondition(module, local, false))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copyOf(m map[string]bool) map[string]bool {
+	out := make(map[string]bool, len(m))
+	for k, v := range m {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// membershipBinding is an entry's binding in the form the membership holds: the seat's Binding is that form, so the JSON is
+// the same. Its local name and storage are the entry's where it left them out.
+func membershipBinding(e meshbroker.Held) (membership.BusBinding, bool) {
+	var b membership.BusBinding
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(e.Binding)
+	if err != nil || json.Unmarshal(raw, &b) != nil {
+		return b, false
+	}
+	b.Local = e.LocalName
+	if b.Storage == "" {
+		b.Storage = e.StorageType
+	}
+	if b.Template == "" {
+		b.Template = e.Template
+	}
+	return b, true
+}
+
+// bindingsUnansweredCondition is FirstViewUnanswered for the first view of the bindings, naming the seat mesh-broker and its
+// verb list.
+func bindingsUnansweredCondition(raised bool, s BindingsStatus) oc.Condition {
+	c := oc.Condition{Key: FirstViewUnanswered + "." + BrokerSeat + "." + FirstViewBindings, Subject: oc.ConditionSubject{Scope: "module", ID: Module}}
+	if !raised {
+		c.State = occ.StateCleared
+		c.Resolved = CallBrokerList + " answered"
+		return c
+	}
+	c.State, c.Severity = occ.StateRaised, occ.SeverityWarning
+	c.Summary = fmt.Sprintf("the grants part has no first view of the bindings: the seat %s's verb %s has not answered since %s (%s)",
+		BrokerSeat, BrokerListVerb, s.Asked.Format(time.RFC3339), strings.TrimSpace(s.Error))
+	c.Headline = "The grants part waits for the bus module"
+	needsYou(&c, "a look at the module holding the seat "+BrokerSeat+": is it running and connected?", "The grants part learns a binding it never "+
+		"heard from the seat's "+BrokerListVerb+", and keeps asking it; it composes every account and keeps every binding it holds meanwhile, and "+
+		"takes the bus module's events as they come. The answer clears this.")
+	return c
+}
+
+// unlistedCondition is BindingUnlisted for one binding the part holds that the bus module no longer lists, raised or cleared.
+func unlistedCondition(module, local string, raised bool) oc.Condition {
+	c := oc.Condition{Key: BindingUnlisted + "." + module + "." + local, Subject: oc.ConditionSubject{Scope: "module", ID: Module}}
+	if !raised {
+		c.State = occ.StateCleared
+		c.Resolved = "the bus module lists " + module + " " + local + " again, or dropped it"
+		return c
+	}
+	c.State, c.Severity = occ.StateRaised, occ.SeverityWarning
+	c.Summary = fmt.Sprintf("the grants part holds the binding of %s %s, which the seat %s's verb %s no longer lists", module, local, BrokerSeat, BrokerListVerb)
+	c.Headline = "A binding the bus module no longer lists"
+	needsYou(&c, "read the entry with the seat "+BrokerSeat+"'s show; an entry its manifest no longer asks for leaves by the bus module's drop", "The grants "+
+		"part keeps the binding: it removes one only on the bus module's dropped, so a bus module whose own state was lost or rebuilt strips "+
+		"no module of its data. A later answer that lists the entry, or its dropped, clears this.")
+	return c
+}

modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/firstviews.go

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ func (v *Views) Again(ctx context.Context, state, why string) ([]string, error)
 		asked = append(asked, fv.Tool)
 	}
 	if len(asked) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q is no first view of the grants part: one of assignments, wants, manifests, modules, verdicts, or none for all", state)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q is no first view of the grants part: one of assignments, wants, manifests, modules, verdicts, bindings, or none for all", state)
 	}
 	return asked, nil
 }
@@ -394,20 +394,35 @@ type firstViewsSaid struct {
 type FirstViewsState struct {
 	V     int            `json:"v"`
 	Views []views.Status `json:"views"`
+	// Bindings is the first view of the bindings, asked of the seat mesh-broker's list, beside the others (design 25
+	// bindings-first-view §6); absent where the part's process holds none.
+	Bindings *BindingsStatus `json:"bindings,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // sayFirstViews keeps the first views' statuses in the part's own state (for grants_first_views) when they change, and
 // raises or clears FirstViewEmpty for each answered at revision 0. Each pass calls it; nil Views is none.
 func (p *Part) sayFirstViews(res *Result) {
-	if p.Views == nil {
+	if p.Views == nil && p.Bindings == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	statuses := p.Views.Statuses()
+	state := FirstViewsState{V: 1, Views: []views.Status{}}
+	if p.Views != nil {
+		state.Views = p.Views.Statuses()
+	}
+	statuses := state.Views
 	for i := range statuses {
 		statuses[i].Asked, statuses[i].Answered = statuses[i].Asked.Truncate(time.Second), statuses[i].Answered.Truncate(time.Second)
 	}
-	data, _ := json.Marshal(FirstViewsState{V: 1, Views: statuses})
+	if p.Bindings != nil {
+		b := p.Bindings.Status()
+		b.Asked, b.Answered = b.Asked.Truncate(time.Second), b.Answered.Truncate(time.Second)
+		state.Bindings = &b
+	}
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(state)
 	p.changed(res, StateUserList, KeyFirstViews, data)
+	if p.Views == nil {
+		return
+	}
 	p.fvSaid.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.fvSaid.mu.Unlock()
 	if p.fvSaid.empty == nil {
@@ -443,7 +458,8 @@ func (p *Part) FirstViewsOf() (any, error) {
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &st); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("its own %s %s does not read: %w", StateUserList, KeyFirstViews, err)
 	}
-	return map[string]any{"views": st.Views, "revision": rev, "first-views": FirstViews}, nil
+	return map[string]any{"views": st.Views, "bindings": st.Bindings, "revision": rev, "first-views": FirstViews,
+		"bindings-first-view": map[string]string{"seat": BrokerSeat, "verb": BrokerListVerb}}, nil
 }
 
 // AskFirstViewAgain answers the tool grants_first_view_again: it asks the part's process to ask one first view (by its
@@ -453,13 +469,16 @@ func (p *Part) AskFirstViewAgain(caller, state, why string, record func(what, wh
 	which := AllFirstViews
 	if state != "" {
 		which = ""
+		if state == FirstViewBindings || state == CallBrokerList {
+			which = FirstViewBindings
+		}
 		for _, fv := range FirstViews {
 			if state == fv.State || state == fv.Tool || state == fv.Read {
 				which = fv.State
 			}
 		}
 		if which == "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q is no first view of the grants part: one of assignments, wants, manifests, modules, verdicts, or none for all", state)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q is no first view of the grants part: one of assignments, wants, manifests, modules, verdicts, bindings, or none for all", state)
 		}
 	}
 	if strings.TrimSpace(why) == "" {

modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/inputs.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 // Invokes is every tool the part calls.
-var Invokes = append([]string{CallUsers, CallUserCan, CallStreams, CallRootFree, CallHandAct, CallSeatDefinitions}, firstViewTools()...)
+var Invokes = append([]string{CallUsers, CallUserCan, CallStreams, CallRootFree, CallHandAct, CallSeatDefinitions, CallBrokerList}, firstViewTools()...)
 
 // CallSeatDefinitions reads the seat list (mesh-sdk seatlist): the verb of the seat mesh-catalog.
 const CallSeatDefinitions = "seat:mesh-catalog.seat-definitions"

modules/mesh-grants/internal/grants/part.go

@@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ type Part struct {
 	Views            *Views
 	FirstViewContext context.Context
 	fvSaid           firstViewsSaid
+	// Bindings is the first view of the bindings, asked of the seat mesh-broker's list (bindingsview.go); nil in the tools.
+	Bindings *BindingsView
+	// bindMu orders the writes of the kept bindings: an event's and a first view's answer (bindings.go).
+	bindMu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // keepBrokers keeps the modules whose manifest claims the seat mesh-broker: the only emitters whose created, recreated
@@ -520,15 +524,23 @@ func (p *Part) Compose() Result {
 	}
 	p.consumers(&res, recs, ask.Consumer)
 	p.sayFirstViews(&res)
-	if ask.FirstView != "" && p.Views != nil && p.FirstViewContext != nil {
+	if ask.FirstView != "" && p.FirstViewContext != nil {
 		state := ask.FirstView
 		if state == AllFirstViews {
 			state = ""
 		}
-		if asked, err := p.Views.Again(p.FirstViewContext, state, "by hand: "+ask.By); err != nil {
-			res.Errors = append(res.Errors, err.Error())
-		} else if p.Logf != nil {
-			p.Logf("asked the first views %v once more by hand, for %s", asked, ask.By)
+		if p.Bindings != nil && (state == "" || state == FirstViewBindings) {
+			p.Bindings.Again(p.FirstViewContext, p, "by hand: "+ask.By)
+			if p.Logf != nil {
+				p.Logf("asked the first view of the bindings (%s) once more by hand, for %s", CallBrokerList, ask.By)
+			}
+		}
+		if p.Views != nil && state != FirstViewBindings {
+			if asked, err := p.Views.Again(p.FirstViewContext, state, "by hand: "+ask.By); err != nil {
+				res.Errors = append(res.Errors, err.Error())
+			} else if p.Logf != nil {
+				p.Logf("asked the first views %v once more by hand, for %s", asked, ask.By)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return res

modules/mesh-grants/module.json

@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
     "mesh-delivery-indexer.modules",
     "mesh-delivery-indexer.verdicts",
     "seat:mesh-catalog.seat-definitions",
-    "seat:mesh-hand-acts.hand-act"
+    "seat:mesh-hand-acts.hand-act",
+    "seat:mesh-broker.list"
   ],
   "emits": [
     "asserted",