mesh-sdk/go/views/views_test.go

package views

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
	"slices"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/nats-io/nats.go"
	"github.com/nats-io/nats.go/jetstream"

	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/keys"
	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/process"
)

// mapSource is a state held in memory, as a Source.
type mapSource map[string]Entry

func (m mapSource) Keys() ([]string, error) {
	var out []string
	for k := range m {
		out = append(out, k)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func (m mapSource) Get(key string) (*Entry, bool, error) {
	e, ok := m[key]
	if !ok {
		return nil, false, nil
	}
	return &e, true, nil
}

// keptSource is a mapSource that keeps each key's history, as a Historian.
type keptSource struct {
	mapSource
	kept map[string][]Revision
}

func (k keptSource) History(key string) ([]Revision, error) { return k.kept[key], nil }

func markOf(state string, rev uint64, made time.Time) Entry {
	raw, _ := json.Marshal(Mark{V: Version, State: state, Revision: rev, Created: made, Fill: Fill{Keys: 2, Bytes: 100, MaxBytes: 1000}})
	return Entry{Value: raw, Revision: 1}
}

// The owners' and the readers' side of a first view (ADR 0615 §4-§6, ADR 0621 §2-§3, ADR 0622): one table of cases,
// since mesh-delivery is over its test budget.
func subViews(t *testing.T) {
	made := time.Date(2026, 11, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
	now := func() time.Time { return made.Add(time.Hour) }
	written := made.Add(-time.Minute)
	values := mapSource{"a": {Value: json.RawMessage(`{"n":1}`), Revision: 7, Written: written}, "b": {Value: json.RawMessage(`{"n":2}`), Revision: 9}}
	marks := mapSource{"modules": markOf("modules", 9, made)}

	t.Run("a first view answers every value at the mark's revision, the mark read first, with each key's written time", func(t *testing.T) {
		a, err := FirstView("o", "modules", values, marks, "", now())
		if err != nil || a.Revision != 9 || !a.Created.Equal(made) || len(a.Values) != 2 || a.Next != "" {
			t.Fatalf("answer = %+v, %v", a, err)
		}
		raw, _ := json.Marshal(a)
		if back, err := DecodeAnswer(raw); err != nil || !back.Written["a"].Equal(written) || len(back.Written) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("written times = %v (%v), want a's alone", back.Written, err)
		}
		if a, _ := FirstView("o", "modules", values, mapSource{}, "", now()); a.Revision != 0 {
			t.Errorf("a state not marked answers revision %d, want 0", a.Revision)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a first view larger than a page is paged by key", func(t *testing.T) {
		big := mapSource{}
		for i := range 4 {
			big[fmt.Sprintf("k%d", i)] = Entry{Value: json.RawMessage(`"` + strings.Repeat("x", PageBytes/3) + `"`), Revision: uint64(i + 1)}
		}
		got := map[string]bool{}
		after := ""
		for pages := 0; ; pages++ {
			a, err := FirstView("o", "s", big, nil, after, now())
			if err != nil || pages > 4 {
				t.Fatalf("page %d: %+v %v", pages, a.Next, err)
			}
			for k := range a.Values {
				got[k] = true
			}
			if a.Next == "" {
				break
			}
			after = a.Next
		}
		if len(got) != 4 {
			t.Errorf("pages hold %v, want the four keys", got)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a first view from a slow source stops at the page budget, with one value at least, and pages on to every key", func(t *testing.T) {
		at := time.Unix(0, 0)
		clock.set(func() time.Time { return at })
		defer clock.set(time.Now)
		slow := mapSource{}
		for i := range 5 {
			slow[fmt.Sprintf("k%d", i)] = Entry{Value: json.RawMessage(`{"n":1}`), Revision: uint64(i + 1)}
		}
		got, after := map[string]bool{}, ""
		for pages := 0; ; pages++ {
			a, err := FirstView("o", "s", &tickSource{slow, &at, PageBudget / 2}, nil, after, now())
			if err != nil || pages > 5 || len(a.Values) == 0 || len(a.Values) > 3 {
				t.Fatalf("page %d: %d values, %v", pages, len(a.Values), err)
			}
			for k := range a.Values {
				got[k] = true
			}
			if a.Next == "" {
				break
			}
			after = a.Next
		}
		if len(got) != 5 {
			t.Errorf("pages hold %v, want the five keys", got)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a first view from a source that pages reads it in one request, and from one that cannot, per key", func(t *testing.T) {
		p := &pagedSource{mapSource: mapSource{"a": {Value: json.RawMessage(`1`), Revision: 1, Written: written}, "b": {Value: json.RawMessage(`2`), Revision: 2}, "c": {Value: json.RawMessage(`3`), Revision: 3}}}
		a, err := FirstView("o", "s", p, nil, "", now())
		if err != nil || len(a.Values) != 2 || a.Next != "b" || p.pages != 1 || p.gets != 0 || !a.Written["a"].Equal(written) {
			t.Fatalf("answer = %+v, pages %d, gets %d, %v", a, p.pages, p.gets, err)
		}
		p.unsupported = true
		if a, err = FirstView("o", "s", p, nil, "", now()); err != nil || len(a.Values) != 3 || a.Next != "" || p.gets != 3 {
			t.Fatalf("fallback answer = %+v, gets %d, %v", a, p.gets, err)
		}
	})
	t.Run("each first-view tool answers its callers alone, never the owner, by the proof and not an argument", func(t *testing.T) {
		callers := ParseCallers("mesh-grants, node-tools,mesh-delivery-assigner")
		for caller, allowed := range map[string]bool{"novox.mesh-grants": true, "ace.node-tools": true, "g14.mesh-delivery-assigner": true,
			"novox.mesh-delivery-indexer": false, "novox.mesh-config": false, "person.jochen": false, stdio.Unproven: false} {
			if err := Refusal("manifests", callers, caller); (err == nil) != allowed {
				t.Errorf("%q: err = %v, allowed %v", caller, err, allowed)
			}
		}
		// A caller argument names nobody: a call with no proof is refused.
		tool := FirstViewTool("mesh-delivery-indexer", "manifests", "modules", "w.", callers, values, marks, now)
		if _, err := tool.Run(map[string]any{"caller": "novox.mesh-grants"}); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("an unproven call naming a caller is answered")
		}
	})
	t.Run("a read tool says the keys and the fill, one key, one key's kept history, or a page of values", func(t *testing.T) {
		r, err := Read("o", "modules", values, marks, "", false, "", now())
		ra, ok := r.(ReadAnswer)
		if err != nil || !ok || len(ra.Keys) != 2 || ra.Fill == nil || ra.Fill.MaxBytes != 1000 || ra.Revision != 9 {
			t.Fatalf("read = %+v, %v", r, err)
		}
		r, _ = Read("o", "modules", values, marks, "b", false, "", now())
		if k := r.(KeyAnswer); !k.Found || k.Revision != 9 {
			t.Errorf("one key = %+v", k)
		}
		r, _ = Read("o", "modules", values, nil, "", false, "", now())
		if ra := r.(ReadAnswer); ra.Fill != nil || ra.Words == "" {
			t.Errorf("an unmarked state says its fill as %+v", ra)
		}
		kept := []Revision{{Revision: 3, At: written, Op: "put", Value: json.RawMessage(`{"n":0}`)},
			{Revision: 5, At: written.Add(time.Second), Op: "delete", Value: json.RawMessage(`null`)}, {Revision: 7, At: written, Op: "put", Value: json.RawMessage(`{"n":1}`)}}
		tool := ReadTool("o", "o_read_modules", "modules", "w", keptSource{values, map[string][]Revision{"a": kept}}, marks, now)
		r, err = tool.Run(map[string]any{"key": "a", "history": true})
		raw, _ := json.Marshal(r)
		var h struct {
			History []Revision `json:"history"`
		}
		if err != nil || json.Unmarshal(raw, &h) != nil || len(h.History) != 3 || h.History[1].Op != "delete" || h.History[2].Revision != 7 || !h.History[0].At.Equal(written) {
			t.Errorf("a key's history = %s, %v", raw, err)
		}
		if r, err = tool.Run(map[string]any{"key": "none", "history": true}); err != nil || r.(HistoryAnswer).History == nil {
			t.Errorf("a key with nothing kept answers %+v, %v, not an empty history", r, err)
		}
		if _, err := tool.Run(map[string]any{"history": true}); err == nil {
			t.Error("a history naming no key is answered")
		}
		if _, err := ReadTool("o", "o_read_modules", "modules", "w", values, marks, now).Run(map[string]any{"key": "a", "history": true}); err == nil {
			t.Error("a source keeping no history answers one")
		}
	})

	// A follower whose owner answers from values and marks.
	follower := func(ask func(context.Context, string) (Answer, error)) (*Follower, *[]string) {
		var said []string
		f := &Follower{Owner: "o", Tool: "o.modules", State: "modules", Ask: ask, Bound: time.Nanosecond, Wait: time.Millisecond,
			Raise: func(s Status) { said = append(said, "raised "+s.Tool) }, Clear: func(s Status) { said = append(said, "cleared") }}
		return f, &said
	}
	answer := func(context.Context, string) (Answer, error) {
		return FirstView("o", "modules", values, marks, "", now())
	}
	ev := func(rev uint64, key, value string) Event {
		e := Event{V: Version, Owner: "o", State: "modules", Key: key, Revision: rev, Created: made}
		if value == "" {
			e.Deleted = true
		} else {
			e.Value = json.RawMessage(value)
		}
		return e
	}
	t.Run("a reader applies a put and a delete from the events alone, and passes over what it holds", func(t *testing.T) {
		asks := 0
		f, _ := follower(func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) { asks++; return answer(ctx, after) })
		if err := f.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		for _, e := range []Event{ev(8, "a", `{"n":0}`), ev(10, "c", `{"n":3}`), ev(11, "a", "")} {
			if gap, why := f.Apply(e); gap {
				t.Fatalf("revision %d is a gap: %s", e.Revision, why)
			}
		}
		if _, ok := f.Get("a"); ok || f.Status().Revision != 11 || asks != 1 {
			t.Errorf("picture = %v at %d after %d asks", f.Values(), f.Status().Revision, asks)
		}
		if v, _ := f.Get("c"); string(v) != `{"n":3}` {
			t.Errorf("c = %s", v)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a gap, a state made again and a value too large each ask once more", func(t *testing.T) {
		for name, e := range map[string]Event{
			"a revision missed": ev(12, "a", `{}`),
			"made again":        {V: Version, Owner: "o", State: "modules", Key: "a", Revision: 1, Created: made.Add(time.Minute), Value: json.RawMessage(`{}`)},
			"too large":         {V: Version, Owner: "o", State: "modules", Key: "a", Revision: 10, Created: made, Gap: true},
		} {
			f, _ := follower(answer)
			_ = f.Start(context.Background())
			if gap, _ := f.Apply(e); !gap {
				t.Errorf("%s: not taken as a gap", name)
			}
		}
	})
	t.Run("a change said after revisions written over is no gap; one said after a revision the picture lacks, or a mark past the picture, asks once more and changes nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
		f, _ := follower(answer)
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		over := ev(12, "a", `{"n":5}`)
		over.Prev = 9 // 10 and 11 were written over before the owner's watch was handed them
		if gap, why := f.Apply(over); gap || f.Status().Revision != 12 {
			t.Fatalf("a change said after 9 on a picture at 9: gap %v (%s), at %d", gap, why, f.Status().Revision)
		}
		missed := ev(14, "b", `{"n":6}`)
		missed.Prev = 13
		mark := func(rev uint64) Event {
			return Event{V: Version, Owner: "o", State: "modules", Revision: rev, Created: made, Mark: true}
		}
		for _, c := range []struct {
			e   Event
			gap bool
		}{{missed, true}, {mark(12), false}, {mark(11), false}, {mark(13), true}} {
			if gap, why := f.Apply(c.e); gap != c.gap {
				t.Errorf("revision %d (mark %v) on a picture at 12: gap %v, want %v (%s)", c.e.Revision, c.e.Mark, gap, c.gap, why)
			}
		}
		if v, _ := f.Get("a"); string(v) != `{"n":5}` || f.Status().Revision != 12 || len(f.Values()) != 2 {
			t.Errorf("a gap or a mark changed the picture: %v at %d", f.Values(), f.Status().Revision)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a reader that never heard the owner's last change asks its first view on the owner's mark alone, and holds what it read", func(t *testing.T) {
		later := mapSource{"a": values["a"], "b": values["b"], "c": {Value: json.RawMessage(`{"n":3}`), Revision: 10}}
		asks := 0
		f, _ := follower(func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) {
			asks++
			if asks == 1 {
				return answer(ctx, after)
			}
			return FirstView("o", "modules", later, mapSource{"modules": markOf("modules", 10, made)}, after, now())
		})
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		got := make(chan string, 4)
		f.Changed = func(key string, _ json.RawMessage, _ bool, _ time.Time) { got <- key }
		// The change at 10 (c) never reached this reader; only the mark the owner said after it does.
		data, _ := Event{V: Version, Owner: "o", State: "modules", Revision: 10, Created: made, Mark: true}.Encode()
		if err := HearEvent(context.Background(), map[string]*Follower{"modules": f}, data, t.Logf); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if k := <-got; k != "c" {
			t.Fatalf("changed %s", k)
		}
		if v, _ := f.Get("c"); string(v) != `{"n":3}` || asks != 2 {
			t.Errorf("c = %s after %d asks", v, asks)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a reader whose owner is down keeps asking, raises past its bound, and the answer clears it", func(t *testing.T) {
		down := 3
		f, said := follower(func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) {
			if down > 0 {
				down--
				return Answer{}, errors.New("no responders")
			}
			return answer(ctx, after)
		})
		if err := f.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if strings.Join(*said, ",") != "raised o.modules,cleared" || f.Status().Asks != 4 || f.Status().Raised {
			t.Errorf("said %v after %d asks", *said, f.Status().Asks)
		}
	})
	// W1.4 (design 47 *A part with no view says it waits*): the status says the view held, the one waited for and since
	// when; past the bound the part's view-waits is raised once, and holding the view clears it.
	t.Run("a part that waits for a view says so, raises view-waits past its bound, and holding it clears that", func(t *testing.T) {
		ended := make(chan bool)
		kept := waitBound.get()
		waitBound.set(func(context.Context, time.Duration) bool { return <-ended })
		defer waitBound.set(kept)
		var raised, cleared, said []Status
		var mu sync.Mutex
		raisedCh := make(chan struct{}, 4) // told after the part's raise, so the test reads it only once it is made
		f := &Follower{Owner: "o", Tool: "o.revision", State: BranchState("catalog", "trunk"), Now: now,
			RaiseWaits: func(s Status) { mu.Lock(); raised = append(raised, s); mu.Unlock(); raisedCh <- struct{}{} },
			ClearWaits: func(s Status) { mu.Lock(); cleared = append(cleared, s); mu.Unlock() },
			Said:       func(s Status) { mu.Lock(); said = append(said, s); mu.Unlock() }}
		f.Holds("trunk.11")
		f.WaitFor(context.Background(), "trunk.12")
		f.WaitFor(context.Background(), "trunk.12") // the same view again: nothing new, no second bound
		if s := f.Status(); s.View != "trunk.11" || s.WaitsFor != "trunk.12" || !s.WaitingSince.Equal(now()) || s.WaitsRaised {
			t.Fatalf("status = %+v", s)
		}
		ended <- true
		select {
		case <-raisedCh:
		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
			t.Fatal("the bound ended and view-waits was not raised")
		}
		mu.Lock()
		if len(raised) != 1 || raised[0].WaitsFor != "trunk.12" {
			t.Errorf("raised = %+v", raised)
		}
		mu.Unlock()
		fd := viewWaitsFinding("mesh-delivery-builder", f.Status(), now())
		if fd.kind != ViewWaitsKind || fd.id != "mesh-delivery-builder.o.catalog.trunk" || !strings.Contains(fd.summary, "waits for the view o.catalog.trunk at revision trunk.12") ||
			!strings.Contains(fd.summary, "it holds trunk.11") {
			t.Errorf("finding = %+v", fd)
		}
		none := &Follower{Owner: "o", Tool: "o.revision", State: BranchState("catalog", "new"), Now: now,
			Ask: func(context.Context, string) (Answer, error) {
				return Answer{V: 1, Owner: "o", State: "catalog.new", At: now()}, nil
			}}
		if err := none.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		select {
		case <-none.Ready():
		default:
			t.Errorf("a view of a branch with no revision is not ready")
		}
		if len(none.Values()) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("not empty")
		}
		none.WaitFor(context.Background(), NoneYet) // a branch with no revision yet: ready, empty, nothing awaited (§495)
		if s := none.Status(); s.WaitsFor != "" || !s.WaitingSince.IsZero() {
			t.Errorf("a view of none yet is awaited: %+v", s)
		}
		f.Holds("trunk.12")
		if s := f.Status(); s.View != "trunk.12" || s.WaitsFor != "" || s.WaitsRaised {
			t.Errorf("after holding: %+v", s)
		}
		mu.Lock()
		if len(cleared) != 1 || len(said) == 0 || said[len(said)-1].View != "trunk.12" {
			t.Errorf("cleared %d, last said %+v", len(cleared), said)
		}
		mu.Unlock()
		f.WaitFor(context.Background(), "trunk.13")
		f.Holds("trunk.13")
		ended <- true // the bound of a view now held raises nothing
		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
			runtime.Gosched()
		}
		mu.Lock()
		if len(raised) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("a view held before its bound raised: %+v", raised)
		}
		mu.Unlock()
	})
	t.Run("an event heard while an ask runs is taken again after its answer", func(t *testing.T) {
		var f *Follower
		f, _ = follower(func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) {
			a, err := answer(ctx, after) // the picture read at 9, before revision 10 was written
			if f.Status().Asks == 2 {
				f.Apply(ev(10, "d", `{"n":4}`))
			}
			return a, err
		})
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		_ = f.Again(context.Background(), "test")
		if v, ok := f.Get("d"); !ok || string(v) != `{"n":4}` || f.Status().Revision != 10 || f.Status().ByHand != 1 {
			t.Errorf("d = %s, %v at %d", v, ok, f.Status().Revision)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a reader that heard an event its answer does not hold asks again by itself on its Wait, with no further event", func(t *testing.T) {
		// The owner's state: revision 9 at first, 12 once its writer is done. The picture a first view reads lags the events.
		for name, drop := range map[string]func(f *Follower, owner *uint64){
			// A gap heard while the ask runs: the running ask swallowed the gap's own ask and the event was not consecutive.
			"a gap heard while an ask runs": func(f *Follower, owner *uint64) { *owner = 12; f.Apply(ev(12, "e", `{"n":5}`)) },
			// An event heard before the first view, passed over, the owner answering from before its write.
			"an event heard before the first view": func(f *Follower, owner *uint64) { f.Apply(ev(10, "e", `{"n":5}`)) },
		} {
			t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
				owner := uint64(9)
				var f *Follower
				asks := 0
				f, _ = follower(func(context.Context, string) (Answer, error) {
					asks++
					a := Answer{V: Version, Owner: "o", State: "modules", Revision: owner, Created: made, Values: map[string]json.RawMessage{"e": json.RawMessage(`{"n":5}`)}}
					if asks == 1 && name == "a gap heard while an ask runs" {
						drop(f, &owner) // heard while this ask runs; the answer is the one read before it
					}
					if asks == 2 {
						owner = 12 // the owner has written it by the second ask
						a.Revision = owner
					}
					return a, nil
				})
				if name == "an event heard before the first view" {
					drop(f, &owner)
				}
				caught := make(chan struct{})
				var once sync.Once
				f.Said = func(s Status) {
					if s.Revision >= 10 {
						once.Do(func() { close(caught) })
					}
				}
				if err := f.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
					t.Fatal(err)
				}
				// No further event follows: the follower asks once more by itself and holds what was heard.
				select {
				case <-caught:
				case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
					t.Fatal("the reader stayed behind the event it heard")
				}
				if s := f.Status(); s.Revision < 10 || s.Heard < 10 || s.Behind != "" || f.Behind() != "" || s.Asks != 2 || !strings.HasPrefix(s.Why, "behind") {
					t.Errorf("revision %d after %d asks (%q), behind: %q", s.Revision, s.Asks, s.Why, f.Behind())
				}
			})
		}
	})
	t.Run("a consumer made after the first view was asked asks it again by itself, and the status says why until then", func(t *testing.T) {
		asked := make(chan struct{}, 8)
		var f *Follower
		f, _ = follower(func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) {
			asked <- struct{}{}
			return answer(ctx, after)
		})
		var said []Status
		var mu sync.Mutex
		var clock atomic.Int64
		clock.Store(int64(time.Hour))
		f.Now = func() time.Time { return made.Add(time.Duration(clock.Load())) }
		f.Said = func(s Status) { mu.Lock(); said = append(said, s); mu.Unlock() }
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		<-asked
		// The bus made the consumer after the ask: an event said between is never delivered to it.
		f.ConsumerMade(context.Background(), made.Add(2*time.Hour))
		if b := f.Status().Behind; !strings.Contains(b, "consumer") {
			t.Errorf("behind = %q", b)
		}
		clock.Store(int64(3 * time.Hour)) // a later ask is after the consumer's making
		select {
		case <-asked:
		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
			t.Fatal("a consumer made after the first view asked nothing")
		}
	})
	t.Run("an event heard but not in the picture is in the status as heard, with why it is behind", func(t *testing.T) {
		f, _ := follower(answer)
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		f.Apply(ev(12, "a", `{}`)) // a gap: heard, not taken
		if s := f.Status(); s.Heard != 12 || !strings.Contains(s.Behind, "12") {
			t.Errorf("status = %+v", s)
		}
	})
	t.Run("an event taken into the picture is said in the status, so a read tool shows the revision held", func(t *testing.T) {
		var told []uint64
		f, _ := follower(answer)
		f.Said = func(s Status) { told = append(told, s.Revision) }
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		told = nil
		f.Apply(ev(10, "c", `{"n":3}`))
		if len(told) != 1 || told[0] != 10 {
			t.Errorf("said revisions %v, want [10]", told)
		}
	})
	t.Run("an event heard by its data asks a gap once more as a gap, never by hand", func(t *testing.T) {
		asked := make(chan struct{}, 4)
		f, _ := follower(func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) {
			asked <- struct{}{}
			return answer(ctx, after)
		})
		_ = f.Start(context.Background())
		<-asked
		raw, _ := ev(12, "a", `{}`).Encode()
		if err := HearEvent(context.Background(), map[string]*Follower{"modules": f}, raw, t.Logf); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		select {
		case <-asked:
		case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
			t.Fatal("a gap heard by its data asked nothing")
		}
		if s := f.Status(); s.Asks != 2 || s.ByHand != 0 {
			t.Errorf("a gap was counted by hand: %+v", s)
		}
		if err := HearEvent(context.Background(), nil, []byte("not an event"), t.Logf); err == nil {
			t.Error("data that is no views event was taken")
		}
	})
	t.Run("a module's reader answers Keys and Get from its pictures, refuses a state it does not follow or has no first view of, and writes and clears its finding", func(t *testing.T) {
		acted := 0
		fs := &findingsMap{}
		r := &Reader{Module: "reader", Findings: fs, Bound: time.Nanosecond, Wait: time.Millisecond, Acts: actsFunc(func(HandAct) error {
			acted++
			return nil
		})}
		f := r.Follow("o", "modules", "o.indexer_read_modules")
		down := 2
		f.Ask = func(ctx context.Context, after string) (Answer, error) {
			if down > 0 {
				down--
				return Answer{}, errors.New("no responders")
			}
			return answer(ctx, after)
		}
		if _, err := r.Keys("o.modules"); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a state with no first view is read")
		}
		if _, err := r.Keys("o.other"); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a state not followed is read")
		}
		if err := f.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		keys, err := r.Keys("o.modules")
		v, ok, _ := r.Get("o.modules", "b")
		if err != nil || len(keys) != 2 || !ok || string(v) != `{"n":2}` || len(fs.m) != 0 || fs.puts != 1 || fs.deletes != 1 {
			t.Errorf("keys %v, b %s, findings %+v", keys, v, fs)
		}
		handed := map[string]bool{}
		if err := r.Watch("o.modules", func(k string, _ []byte, gone bool) { handed[k] = !gone }); err != nil || len(handed) != 2 || !r.Follows("o.modules") || r.Follows("o.x") {
			t.Errorf("watch handed %v, %v", handed, err)
		}
		f.Apply(ev(10, "c", `{"n":3}`))
		f.Apply(ev(11, "a", ""))
		if !handed["c"] || handed["a"] {
			t.Errorf("a change was not handed to the watch: %v", handed)
		}
		if got := r.Tools("reader"); len(got) != 2 || got[0].Name != "reader_first_views" {
			t.Errorf("tools = %v", got)
		}
		again, err := r.Tools("reader")[1].Run(map[string]any{"state": "o.modules"})
		if err != nil || len(again.(map[string]any)["views"].([]Status)) != 1 || f.Status().ByHand != 1 || acted != 1 {
			t.Errorf("asked again by hand: %v, %v", again, err)
		}
		// a list added by Rows is said beside the statuses (design 47 G A-103), and the entry-not-found finding is written and cleared
		r.Rows("entries", func() any { return []string{"fp1"} })
		seen, _ := r.Tools("reader")[0].Run(nil)
		if got := seen.(map[string]any)["entries"]; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"fp1"}) {
			t.Errorf("first views entries = %v", got)
		}
		nf := &findingsMap{}
		if err := WriteEntryNotFound(nf, "fp1", now(), now()); err != nil || nf.m[EntryNotFoundKind+"/fp1"].Summary == "" {
			t.Errorf("entry-not-found not written: %+v, %v", nf.m, err)
		}
		if err := ClearEntryNotFound(nf, "fp1"); err != nil || len(nf.m) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("entry-not-found not cleared: %+v, %v", nf.m, err)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a process's reader follows the read tool its caller names, reads the state as a read-only bucket, each key's written time handed on, and opens no other", func(t *testing.T) {
		r := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader", Bound: time.Nanosecond, Wait: time.Millisecond, Now: now,
			Call: func(tool string, body any) (json.RawMessage, error) {
				if m, _ := body.(map[string]any); tool != "o.o_read_modules" || m["values"] != true {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("asked %s with %v", tool, body)
				}
				a, err := FirstView("o", "modules", values, marks, "", now())
				raw, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"result": a})
				return raw, err
			}}
		p, err := r.Follow("o", "modules", "o.o_read_modules")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		for name, tool := range map[string]string{"another owner's tool": "x.read_more", "no owner in the tool": "read_more"} {
			if _, err := r.Follow("o", "more", tool); err == nil {
				t.Fatalf("%s is followed", name) // a picture no owner answers would hold Ready
			}
		}
		if _, err := p.Get(context.Background(), "a"); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a picture with no first view is read")
		}
		if _, err := r.KeyValue(context.Background(), "o_other"); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a bucket not followed is opened")
		}
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		defer cancel()
		r.Ask(ctx, nil)
		<-r.Ready()
		kv, err := r.KeyValue(ctx, "o_modules")
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		e, err := kv.Get(ctx, "a")
		if err != nil || string(e.Value()) != `{"n":1}` || !e.Created().Equal(written) {
			t.Fatalf("a = %v, %v", e, err)
		}
		if _, err := kv.Put(ctx, "a", nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrReadOnly) {
			t.Errorf("a write to a picture: %v", err)
		}
		w, _ := kv.Watch(ctx, "*")
		var seen []string
		for e := range w.Updates() {
			if e == nil {
				break
			}
			seen = append(seen, e.Key())
		}
		at := made.Add(2 * time.Minute)
		ch := ev(10, "c", `{"n":3}`)
		ch.At = at
		p.Follower().Apply(ch)
		if e := <-w.Updates(); strings.Join(seen, ",") != "a,b" || e.Key() != "c" || !e.Created().Equal(at) {
			t.Errorf("watch handed %v then %v", seen, e)
		}
		_ = w.Stop()
	})
	// A seat's client makes the follower (its Ask a seat's verb) and both readers adopt it, so its callers write no glue:
	// the reader's findings (unanswered, view-waits), Keys, Get, Watch, statuses and tools, and the seat's event handed to
	// the client's handler.
	// Design 47 G §479: a per-branch state's view is named <owner>.<state>.<branch>, several branches in one reader.
	t.Run("a per-branch state is followed once per branch, each view its own row named with its escaped branch", func(t *testing.T) {
		if got := BranchState("catalog-revisions", "feat/x y"); got != "catalog-revisions.feat/x=20y" {
			t.Errorf("BranchState = %q", got)
		}
		r := &Reader{Module: "reader", Now: now}
		a, b := r.FollowBranch("s", "catalog-revisions", "main", "s.read"), r.FollowBranch("s", "catalog-revisions", "feat/x", "s.read")
		r.Follow("s", "plain", "s.read")
		if a.State != "catalog-revisions.main" || b.State != "catalog-revisions.feat/x" {
			t.Errorf("states %q %q", a.State, b.State)
		}
		for _, n := range []string{"s.catalog-revisions.main", "s.catalog-revisions.feat/x", "s.plain"} {
			if !r.Follows(n) {
				t.Errorf("%s is not followed", n)
			}
		}
		if r.Follows("s.catalog-revisions") {
			t.Errorf("the unnamed per-branch state is followed")
		}
		if st := r.Statuses(); len(st) != 3 || st[0].State != "catalog-revisions.main" || st[1].State != "catalog-revisions.feat/x" || st[2].State != "plain" {
			t.Errorf("rows = %+v", st)
		}
		pr := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader"}
		p1, err1 := pr.FollowBranch("s", "catalog-revisions", "main", "s.read")
		p2, err2 := pr.FollowBranch("s", "catalog-revisions", "feat/x", "s.read")
		if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || p1 == p2 || p1.Bucket() != "s_catalog-revisions.main" || pr.Picture("s_catalog-revisions.feat/x") != p2 {
			t.Errorf("pictures %v %v %v", p1, p2, err1)
		}
	})

	// Design 47 G §521: the owner's event names the state, the key names the branch; one event reaches the branch's own view.
	t.Run("an event of a per-branch state goes to the view of its key's first token, one subscription for the branches", func(t *testing.T) {
		made := now()
		ask := func(context.Context, string) (Answer, error) {
			return FirstView("s", "catalog-revisions", mapSource{}, mapSource{"catalog-revisions": markOf("catalog-revisions", 1, made)}, "", now())
		}
		r := &Reader{Module: "reader", Now: now}
		a, b := r.FollowBranch("s", "catalog-revisions", "main", "s.read"), r.FollowBranch("s", "catalog-revisions", "feat/x", "s.read")
		for _, f := range []*Follower{a, b} {
			f.Ask = ask
			if err := f.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
		}
		followers := map[string]*Follower{a.State: a, b.State: b}
		say := func(key string, rev uint64) {
			data, _ := Event{Owner: "s", State: "catalog-revisions", Key: key, Revision: rev, Created: made, Value: json.RawMessage(`{}`)}.Encode()
			if err := HearEvent(context.Background(), followers, data, t.Logf); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
		}
		say("main.r1", 2)
		say("feat/x.r7", 2)
		ka, kb := a.Values(), b.Values()
		if _, ok := ka["main.r1"]; !ok || len(ka) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("main's view holds %v", ka)
		}
		if _, ok := kb["feat/x.r7"]; !ok || len(kb) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("feat/x's view holds %v", kb)
		}
		if r.events["s."+a.State] != "catalog-revisions" || r.events["s."+b.State] != "catalog-revisions" {
			t.Errorf("events = %v", r.events)
		}
	})

	t.Run("a follower a seat's client made is adopted: the reader's findings, reads and tools hold it, and its seat event goes to the client", func(t *testing.T) {
		ended := make(chan bool, 1)
		kept := waitBound.get()
		waitBound.set(func(context.Context, time.Duration) bool { return <-ended })
		defer waitBound.set(kept)
		fs := &signalFindings{put: make(chan seenFinding, 4)}
		r := &Reader{Module: "reader", Findings: fs, Now: now}
		var own []string
		f := &Follower{Owner: "s", Tool: "seat:s.revision", State: "revisions", Ask: answer,
			Changed: func(k string, _ json.RawMessage, _ bool, _ time.Time) { own = append(own, k) }}
		var heard []string
		hear := func(_ context.Context, data []byte) error { heard = append(heard, string(data)); return nil }
		if err := r.Adopt(f, "s", "revision-said", hear); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if err := r.Adopt(f, "s", "revision-said", hear); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a state followed already is adopted twice")
		}
		if err := r.Adopt(&Follower{Owner: "s", State: "x"}, "s", "", hear); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a follower with no seat event is adopted")
		}
		if err := f.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		keys, err := r.Keys("s.revisions")
		if v, ok, _ := r.Get("s.revisions", "b"); err != nil || len(keys) != 2 || !ok || string(v) != `{"n":2}` || len(own) != 2 {
			t.Errorf("keys %v (%v), b %s, own Changed %v", keys, err, v, own)
		}
		if st := r.Statuses(); len(st) != 1 || st[0].Tool != "seat:s.revision" {
			t.Errorf("statuses = %+v", st)
		}
		_ = r.hearAdopted(context.Background(), r.adopted["s.revisions"])(stdio.Envelope{Key: "s.revision-said", Body: []byte(`{"revision":3}`)})
		if r.adopted["s.revisions"].local() != "s.revision-said.>" || len(heard) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("the seat event %v reached the client %v", r.adopted, heard)
		}
		// A later revision, said with a further part (`<seat>.<event>.<part>`), reaches the follower by the runtime's own matching.
		if pat := r.adopted["s.revisions"].local(); !stdio.TopicMatches(pat, "s.revision-said.catalog-revision-9") || !stdio.TopicMatches(pat, "s.revision-said.a.b") {
			t.Errorf("the pattern %q does not hear a later catalog revision", pat)
		}
		f.WaitFor(context.Background(), "3")
		ended <- true
		if fd := fs.next(t); fd.Kind != ViewWaitsKind || fd.ID != "reader.s.revisions" {
			t.Errorf("view-waits is not the reader's finding: %+v", fd)
		}
		f.Holds("3")
		if len(fs.m) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("holding the view left %+v", fs.m)
		}

		// The process form: the picture reads the adopted follower, and the seat's event on the durable goes to the client.
		pfs := &signalFindings{put: make(chan seenFinding, 4)}
		pr := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader", Findings: func() WireWriter { return pfs }, Now: now}
		pf := &Follower{Owner: "s", Tool: "seat:s.revision", State: "revisions", Ask: answer}
		p, err := pr.Adopt(pf, "s", "revision-said", hear)
		if err != nil || p.Bucket() != "s_revisions" || len(pr.Followers()) != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("adopted %v, %v", p, err)
		}
		if err := pf.Start(context.Background()); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if e, err := p.Get(context.Background(), "a"); err != nil || string(e.Value()) != `{"n":1}` {
			t.Errorf("a = %v, %v", e, err)
		}
		m := &seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-said", data: []byte(`{"revision":4}`)}
		pr.Hear(context.Background())(m)
		if len(heard) != 2 || heard[1] != `{"revision":4}` || !m.acked {
			t.Errorf("the seat event on the durable: heard %v, acked %v", heard, m.acked)
		}
		// G §521, §532: an event's further parts reach the handler too
		pr.Hear(context.Background())(&seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-said.runner.main.abc", data: []byte(`{"revision":5}`)})
		if len(heard) != 3 {
			t.Errorf("an event with further parts: heard %v", heard)
		}
		// G §532: one subscription per event, `<event>.>`, and every follower adopted on the event hears it, two
		// branches' views on one reader each
		two := &Reader{Module: "reader", Now: now}
		var one, other []string
		for branch, got := range map[string]*[]string{"main": &one, "next": &other} {
			f := &Follower{Owner: "s", State: BranchState("revisions", branch), Ask: answer}
			if err := two.Adopt(f, "s", "revision-said", func(_ context.Context, d []byte) error { *got = append(*got, string(d)); return nil }); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
		}
		var fol []*Follower
		for _, n := range two.order {
			fol = append(fol, two.followers[n])
		}
		if err := two.hearAdoptedBy(context.Background(), fol, two.adopted)(stdio.Envelope{Key: "s.revision-said.main", Body: []byte(`{"revision":6}`)}); err != nil || len(one) != 1 || len(other) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("two adopted views on one reader heard %v and %v (%v)", one, other, err)
		}
		var a, b []string
		prr := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader", Now: now}
		for i, got := range []*[]string{&a, &b} {
			f := &Follower{Owner: "s", State: BranchState("revisions", []string{"main", "next"}[i]), Ask: answer}
			if _, err := prr.Adopt(f, "s", "revision-said", func(_ context.Context, d []byte) error { *got = append(*got, string(d)); return nil }); err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
		}
		prr.Hear(context.Background())(&seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-said.main", data: []byte(`{"revision":7}`)})
		if len(a) != 1 || len(b) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("two adopted views on one process reader heard %v and %v", a, b)
		}
		// A-185, A-199: an event adopted with no picture is heard once on the same subscription, beside the views; a reader
		// following no view hears it too.
		var hooked []string
		hook := func(_ context.Context, d []byte) error { hooked = append(hooked, string(d)); return nil }
		if err := prr.AdoptEvent("s", "revision-said", hook); err != nil || prr.AdoptEvent("s", "", hook) == nil {
			t.Fatalf("AdoptEvent: %v, and one naming no event was taken", err)
		}
		prr.Hear(context.Background())(&seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-said.main", data: []byte(`{"revision":8}`)})
		if len(a) != 2 || len(b) != 2 || len(hooked) != 1 || len(prr.Followers()) != 2 {
			t.Errorf("beside two views the adopted event heard %v (views %v, %v)", hooked, a, b)
		}
		alone := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader", Now: now}
		if err := alone.AdoptEvent("s", "revision-said", hook); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		am := &seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-said.next", data: []byte(`{"revision":9}`)}
		alone.Hear(context.Background())(am)
		if len(hooked) != 2 || !am.acked {
			t.Errorf("a reader following no view heard %v, acked %v", hooked, am.acked)
		}
		// A-222: an adopted event whose handler fails is left unacknowledged, so the bus asks again.
		failing := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader", Now: now}
		var tries int
		if err := failing.AdoptEvent("s", "revision-said", func(context.Context, []byte) error {
			tries++
			if tries == 1 {
				return errors.New("not placed yet")
			}
			return nil
		}); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		fm := &seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-said.next", data: []byte(`{"revision":10}`)}
		failing.Hear(context.Background())(fm)
		if fm.acked {
			t.Error("a failed adopted event was acknowledged")
		}
		fm2 := &seatMsg{subject: fm.subject, data: fm.data}
		failing.Hear(context.Background())(fm2)
		if !fm2.acked || tries != 2 {
			t.Errorf("the event asked again: acked %v after %d tries", fm2.acked, tries)
		}
		pf.WaitFor(context.Background(), "4")
		ended <- true
		if fd := pfs.next(t); fd.Kind != ViewWaitsKind || fd.ID != "reader.s.revisions" {
			t.Errorf("view-waits is not the process reader's finding: %+v", fd)
		}
	})
	// G §532, §614: a view adopted after the start takes its first view and follows on the event's one subscription; a
	// dropped one hears nothing more, leaves `<module>_first_views`, and the findings it raised are cleared.
	t.Run("a view adopted after the start takes its first view and follows, and a dropped one leaves with its findings cleared", func(t *testing.T) {
		ended := make(chan bool, 2)
		keptBound, keptSubscribe := waitBound.get(), subscribe.get()
		waitBound.set(func(context.Context, time.Duration) bool { return <-ended })
		var hmu sync.Mutex
		handlers := map[string]func(stdio.Envelope) error{}
		subscribe.set(func(p string, h func(stdio.Envelope) error) error {
			hmu.Lock()
			defer hmu.Unlock()
			handlers[p] = h
			return nil
		})
		defer func() { waitBound.set(keptBound); subscribe.set(keptSubscribe) }()
		ready := func(f *Follower) {
			t.Helper()
			select {
			case <-f.Ready():
			case <-time.After(time.Second):
				t.Fatalf("%s has no first view", f.State)
			}
		}
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		defer cancel()
		heard := map[string]*[]string{}
		hearer := func(branch string) func(context.Context, []byte) error {
			got := &[]string{}
			heard[branch] = got
			return func(_ context.Context, d []byte) error { *got = append(*got, string(d)); return nil }
		}
		fs := &signalFindings{put: make(chan seenFinding, 4)}
		r := &Reader{Module: "reader", Findings: fs, Now: now}
		main := &Follower{Owner: "s", Tool: "seat:s.revision", State: BranchState("revisions", "main"), Ask: answer}
		if err := r.Adopt(main, "s", "revision-said", hearer("main")); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		r.Start(ctx)
		ready(main)
		next := &Follower{Owner: "s", Tool: "seat:s.revision", State: BranchState("revisions", "next"), Ask: answer}
		if err := r.Adopt(next, "s", "revision-said", hearer("next")); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		ready(next)
		hmu.Lock()
		h, n := handlers["s.revision-said.>"], len(handlers)
		hmu.Unlock()
		if h == nil || n != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("subscriptions %v: want the event's one", handlers)
		}
		event := stdio.Envelope{Key: "s.revision-said.next", Body: []byte(`{"revision":8}`)}
		if _ = h(event); len(*heard["main"]) != 1 || len(*heard["next"]) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("the event reached %v and %v", *heard["main"], *heard["next"])
		}
		next.WaitFor(ctx, "9")
		ended <- true
		if fd := fs.next(t); fd.Kind != ViewWaitsKind {
			t.Fatalf("finding %+v", fd)
		}
		if err := r.Drop("s." + next.State); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		if len(fs.m) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("the dropped view left its findings %v", fs.m)
		}
		if st := r.Statuses(); len(st) != 1 || st[0].State != main.State || r.Follows("s."+next.State) {
			t.Errorf("first views after the drop: %+v", st)
		}
		if _ = h(event); len(*heard["next"]) != 1 || len(*heard["main"]) != 2 {
			t.Errorf("after the drop the event reached %v and %v", *heard["main"], *heard["next"])
		}
		if err := r.Drop("s." + next.State); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("a view dropped twice")
		}

		// The process form: a view adopted after the start on another event is handled on the module's hub.
		pfs := &signalFindings{put: make(chan seenFinding, 4)}
		pr := &ProcessReader{Module: "reader", Findings: func() WireWriter { return pfs }, Now: now, Hub: process.NewEventHub(t.Logf)}
		pm := &Follower{Owner: "s", Tool: "seat:s.revision", State: BranchState("revisions", "main"), Ask: answer}
		if _, err := pr.Adopt(pm, "s", "revision-said", hearer("pmain")); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		pr.Start(ctx, nil, process.Account{}, nil)
		ready(pm)
		pn := &Follower{Owner: "s", Tool: "seat:s.revision", State: BranchState("revisions", "next"), Ask: answer}
		if _, err := pr.Adopt(pn, "s", "revision-other", hearer("pnext")); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		ready(pn)
		if !slices.Contains(pr.Hub.Patterns(), "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-other.>") {
			t.Errorf("the hub handles %v", pr.Hub.Patterns())
		}
		msg := func() *seatMsg {
			return &seatMsg{subject: "mesh.seat.s.event.revision-other.next", data: []byte(`{"revision":8}`)}
		}
		if pr.Hear(ctx)(msg()); len(*heard["pnext"]) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("the process's adopted view heard %v", *heard["pnext"])
		}
		pn.WaitFor(ctx, "9")
		ended <- true
		if fd := pfs.next(t); fd.Kind != ViewWaitsKind {
			t.Fatalf("finding %+v", fd)
		}
		if err := pr.Drop("s", pn.State); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		m := msg()
		if pr.Hear(ctx)(m); len(pfs.m) != 0 || len(pr.Followers()) != 1 || len(*heard["pnext"]) != 1 || !m.acked {
			t.Errorf("after the drop: findings %v, followers %d, heard %v, acked %v", pfs.m, len(pr.Followers()), *heard["pnext"], m.acked)
		}
	})
	t.Run("a reader's again tool records its hand act before it writes the ask, and asks nothing when the act is not taken", func(t *testing.T) {
		var recorded []HandAct
		take := errors.New("no responders")
		acts := actsFunc(func(q HandAct) error {
			recorded = append(recorded, q)
			return take
		})
		again := StatusTools("reader", "reader_first_views", "reader_first_view_again", refusingStatus{}, acts, now)[1]
		args := map[string]any{"owner": "o", "state": "modules", "why": "doubted"}
		if _, err := again.Run(args); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "nothing was asked again") || len(recorded) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("a hand act the seat did not take: %v, recorded %v", err, recorded)
		}
		take = nil // taken: the ask is written next (here refused)
		if _, err := again.Run(args); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "hand ask is not written") || len(recorded) != 2 ||
			recorded[1].Why != "doubted" || recorded[1].Verb != "reader_first_view_again" || !strings.Contains(recorded[1].What, "o's modules") {
			t.Errorf("a hand act taken: %v, recorded %+v", err, recorded)
		}
	})
	t.Run("an ask through a tool reads the answer bare or in the tool runner's envelope, and its error", func(t *testing.T) {
		bare := `{"v":1,"owner":"o","state":"s","revision":3,"values":{"k":"1"}}`
		for name, c := range map[string]struct {
			answer string
			rev    uint64
			err    string
		}{
			"bare":           {bare, 3, ""},
			"in an envelope": {`{"result":` + bare + `}`, 3, ""},
			"an error":       {`{"error":"not yet"}`, 0, "not yet"},
		} {
			ask := AskVia(func(string, any) (json.RawMessage, error) { return json.RawMessage(c.answer), nil }, "o.first_view")
			a, err := ask(context.Background(), "")
			if (c.err == "") != (err == nil) || (err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), c.err)) || a.Revision != c.rev {
				t.Errorf("%s: %+v, %v", name, a, err)
			}
		}
	})
	t.Run("a change not said is said again on a backoff before the next, and the mark never passes it", func(t *testing.T) {
		var said []string
		fails := 2
		em := Emitter{Owner: "o", Subject: func(e string) string { return "s." + e },
			Publish: func(_ context.Context, msg *nats.Msg, id string) error {
				if fails > 0 && strings.HasSuffix(id, "-1") {
					fails--
					return errors.New("bus away")
				}
				said = append(said, id)
				return nil
			},
			Wait: func(_ context.Context, attempt int) bool { return true }}
		updates := make(chan jetstream.KeyValueEntry, 2)
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "a", rev: 1, at: made}
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "b", rev: 2, at: made}
		close(updates)
		errs := make(chan error, 1)
		em.follow(context.Background(), "s", made, 0, updates, func() (Fill, error) { return Fill{}, nil }, errs)
		if len(said) != 2 || !strings.HasSuffix(said[0], "-1") || !strings.HasSuffix(said[1], "-2") || fails != 0 {
			t.Fatalf("said %v (fails left %d): the change at 1 must be said, again, before the one at 2", said, fails)
		}
		// A context that ends while a change waits to be said again stops there: nothing after it is said.
		said, fails = nil, 1
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		em.Wait = func(context.Context, int) bool { cancel(); return false }
		updates = make(chan jetstream.KeyValueEntry, 2)
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "a", rev: 1, at: made}
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "b", rev: 2, at: made}
		em.follow(ctx, "s", made, 0, updates, func() (Fill, error) { return Fill{}, nil }, errs)
		if len(said) != 0 {
			t.Fatalf("said %v after the context ended on a change not said", said)
		}
		// A change not said past its bound (Bound) is the owner's finding naming the state, cleared once it is said;
		// one said within the bound raises none.
		for _, c := range []struct {
			fails, puts int
		}{{1, 0}, {3, 1}} {
			clock := made
			fs := &findingsMap{}
			said, fails = nil, c.fails
			em.Now, em.Findings = func() time.Time { return clock }, fs
			em.Wait = func(context.Context, int) bool { clock = clock.Add(time.Minute); return true }
			updates = make(chan jetstream.KeyValueEntry, 1)
			updates <- kvEntry{key: "a", rev: 1, at: made}
			close(updates)
			em.follow(context.Background(), "s", made, 0, updates, func() (Fill, error) { return Fill{}, nil }, nil)
			if fs.puts != c.puts || fs.deletes != 1 || len(fs.m) != 0 || len(said) != 1 {
				t.Errorf("%d failures: %d findings written, %d cleared, %d left, said %v", c.fails, fs.puts, fs.deletes, len(fs.m), said)
			}
			if c.puts > 0 {
				f := unsaidFinding("o", "s", "a", 1, made, "bus away", clock)
				if f.kind != UnsaidKind || f.id != "o.s" || !strings.Contains(f.summary, "o has not said the change of s.a at 1") {
					t.Errorf("the finding is %+v", f)
				}
			}
		}
		// A finding a run before a restart raised is cleared by the first change said after it.
		left0 := unsaidFinding("o", "s", "a", 1, made, "bus away", made)
		key := left0.kind + "/" + left0.id
		fs := &findingsMap{m: map[string]seenFinding{key: {Kind: left0.kind, ID: left0.id}}}
		said, fails = nil, 0
		em.Findings = fs
		updates = make(chan jetstream.KeyValueEntry, 1)
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "b", rev: 2, at: made}
		close(updates)
		em.follow(context.Background(), "s", made, 0, updates, func() (Fill, error) { return Fill{}, nil }, nil)
		if _, left := fs.m[key]; left || len(said) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("after a restart the leftover finding stands (%v), said %v", left, said)
		}
		// A value too large for an event is said as a gap, and the emitter writes the owner's view-too-large itself (design 47 G §687).
		tl := &findingsMap{}
		te := Emitter{Owner: "o", Findings: tl, Now: func() time.Time { return made }}
		if ev := te.Event("s", made, kvEntry{key: "big", rev: 3, at: made, size: MaxValueBytes + 1}); !ev.Gap || tl.m[TooLargeKind+"/o.s.big"].Kind != TooLargeKind {
			t.Errorf("a value too large: gap %v, findings %v", ev.Gap, tl.m)
		}
	})
	t.Run("each change names the revision said before it, and the mark is said as an event once written", func(t *testing.T) {
		var said []Event
		marks := &marksKV{}
		em := Emitter{Owner: "o", Subject: func(e string) string { return "s." + e }, Marks: marks,
			Publish: func(_ context.Context, msg *nats.Msg, id string) error {
				e, err := DecodeEvent(msg.Data)
				if err != nil || e.ID() != id {
					t.Errorf("said %s as %s: %v", msg.Data, id, err)
				}
				said = append(said, e)
				return nil
			}}
		// 4 to 6 were written over before the watch was handed them: the watch hands 3, then 7.
		updates := make(chan jetstream.KeyValueEntry, 2)
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "a", rev: 3, at: made}
		updates <- kvEntry{key: "a", rev: 7, at: made}
		close(updates)
		em.follow(context.Background(), "s", made, 2, updates, func() (Fill, error) { return Fill{}, nil }, nil)
		if len(said) != 3 || said[0].Prev != 2 || said[1].Prev != 3 || !said[2].Mark || said[2].Revision != 7 || marks.puts != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("said %+v with %d marks written: 3 after 2, 7 after 3, then the mark at 7", said, marks.puts)
		}
	})
	t.Run("an event names its state on its subject, and decodes as it was encoded", func(t *testing.T) {
		if s := StateOfEvent("mesh.stream.mesh-delivery-indexer.event.views.config-candidates"); s != "config-candidates" {
			t.Errorf("state of subject = %q", s)
		}
		for subject, want := range map[string]string{"mesh.mod.o.event.views.modules": "o", "mesh.mod.o.event.views.a.b": "", "mesh.mod.o.event.other": "",
			"mesh.stream.o.event.views.modules": "", "mesh.mod..event.views.modules": ""} {
			if got, _ := OwnerOfEvent(subject); got != want {
				t.Errorf("owner of %s = %q, want %q", subject, got, want)
			}
		}
		raw, err := ev(3, "k", `{"x":1}`).Encode()
		got, err2 := DecodeEvent(raw)
		if err != nil || err2 != nil || got.Revision != 3 || string(got.Value) != `{"x":1}` {
			t.Errorf("round trip = %+v %v %v", got, err, err2)
		}
		if _, err := (Event{Owner: "o", State: "s"}).Encode(); err == nil {
			t.Errorf("an event with no key or revision is encoded")
		}
	})
}

// seenFinding is a finding a fake writer was handed, as its wire form names it.
type seenFinding struct{ Kind, ID, Summary string }

// findingsMap is a module's own findings writer in memory, keyed `<kind>/<id>` (the id as the finding names it).
type findingsMap struct {
	m             map[string]seenFinding
	puts, deletes int
}

func (f *findingsMap) ModuleNode() (string, string) { return "m", "n1" }

func (f *findingsMap) WriteWire(_ context.Context, w map[string]any) error {
	id, _ := keys.UnescapeName(w["id"].(string))
	v := seenFinding{Kind: w["kind"].(string), ID: id, Summary: w["summary"].(string)}
	if f.m == nil {
		f.m = map[string]seenFinding{}
	}
	f.m[v.Kind+"/"+v.ID] = v
	f.puts++
	return nil
}

func (f *findingsMap) Clear(_ context.Context, _, id, kind, _ string) error {
	plain, _ := keys.UnescapeName(id)
	delete(f.m, kind+"/"+plain)
	f.deletes++
	return nil
}

// marksKV is an owner's marks state that takes puts and nothing else.
type marksKV struct {
	jetstream.KeyValue
	puts int
}

func (m *marksKV) Put(context.Context, string, []byte) (uint64, error) {
	m.puts++
	return uint64(m.puts), nil
}

// signalFindings is a findingsMap that hands each finding written to put, once written.
type signalFindings struct {
	findingsMap
	put chan seenFinding
}

func (f *signalFindings) WriteWire(ctx context.Context, w map[string]any) error {
	_ = f.findingsMap.WriteWire(ctx, w)
	id, _ := keys.UnescapeName(w["id"].(string))
	f.put <- seenFinding{Kind: w["kind"].(string), ID: id, Summary: w["summary"].(string)}
	return nil
}

// next is the next finding written; none within a second fails the test (a bound, never waited out when it comes).
func (f *signalFindings) next(t *testing.T) seenFinding {
	t.Helper()
	select {
	case v := <-f.put:
		return v
	case <-time.After(time.Second):
		t.Fatal("no finding was written")
		return seenFinding{}
	}
}

// seatMsg is one message of a seat's event on a module's durable consumer.
type seatMsg struct {
	jetstream.Msg
	subject string
	data    []byte
	acked   bool
}

func (m *seatMsg) Subject() string { return m.subject }
func (m *seatMsg) Data() []byte    { return m.data }
func (m *seatMsg) Ack() error      { m.acked = true; return nil }

// refusingStatus is a state `first-views` whose write the runtime refuses at once (no runtime serves this test, and the
// real binding waits 30 s for one).
type refusingStatus struct{}

func (refusingStatus) Keys() ([]string, error)               { return nil, nil }
func (refusingStatus) Get(string) (*stdio.StateEntry, error) { return nil, nil }
func (refusingStatus) Put(string, any) (uint64, error) {
	return 0, errors.New("no runtime serves this test")
}

// actsFunc records a hand act through a test's function.
type actsFunc func(HandAct) error

func (f actsFunc) RecordHandAct(a HandAct) error { return f(a) }

// kvEntry is one change of a bucket as a watch hands it.
type kvEntry struct {
	key  string
	rev  uint64
	at   time.Time
	size int // the value's length when over the one event's: zero is a small value
}

func (k kvEntry) Bucket() string { return "b" }
func (k kvEntry) Key() string    { return k.key }
func (k kvEntry) Value() []byte {
	if k.size > 0 {
		return make([]byte, k.size)
	}
	return []byte(`{"n":1}`)
}
func (k kvEntry) Revision() uint64                { return k.rev }
func (k kvEntry) Created() time.Time              { return k.at }
func (k kvEntry) Delta() uint64                   { return 0 }
func (k kvEntry) Operation() jetstream.KeyValueOp { return jetstream.KeyValuePut }

// tickSource is a source whose every Get takes a step of the fake clock.
type tickSource struct {
	mapSource
	at   *time.Time
	step time.Duration
}

func (s *tickSource) Get(k string) (*Entry, bool, error) {
	*s.at = s.at.Add(s.step)
	return s.mapSource.Get(k)
}

// pagedSource is a source with a bulk read, two values a page.
type pagedSource struct {
	mapSource
	pages, gets int
	unsupported bool
}

func (s *pagedSource) Get(k string) (*Entry, bool, error) {
	s.gets++
	return s.mapSource.Get(k)
}

func (s *pagedSource) Page(after string, _ int, _ time.Duration) ([]KeyedEntry, string, error) {
	if s.unsupported {
		return nil, "", errors.ErrUnsupported
	}
	s.pages++
	keys, _ := s.Keys()
	slices.Sort(keys)
	var out []KeyedEntry
	for _, k := range keys {
		if k > after && len(out) < 2 {
			out = append(out, KeyedEntry{Key: k, Entry: s.mapSource[k]})
		}
	}
	if len(out) == 2 && out[1].Key != keys[len(keys)-1] {
		return out, out[1].Key, nil
	}
	return out, "", nil
}

// TestViews runs the tests of this package that were merged to keep the module within its test budget (design 47 G §419), each as a subtest.
func TestViews(t *testing.T) {
	t.Run("Views", subViews)
	t.Run("StdioWriterPublishesAndListensThroughTheModulesOwnPlumbing", subStdioWriterPublishesAndListensThroughTheModulesOwnPlumbing)
}