diff --git a/node-tools/internal/bus/bus.go b/node-tools/internal/bus/bus.go
index c864de3..51270c8 100644
--- a/node-tools/internal/bus/bus.go
+++ b/node-tools/internal/bus/bus.go
@@ -602,9 +602,13 @@ func (c *Conn) HandleCalled(key string, h CalledHandler) (func(), error) {
 	}
 	var mu sync.Mutex
 	var stops []func()
+	stopped := false
 	serve := func() {
 		mu.Lock()
 		defer mu.Unlock()
+		if stopped {
+			return
+		}
 		for _, s := range stops {
 			s()
 		}
@@ -618,14 +622,18 @@ func (c *Conn) HandleCalled(key string, h CalledHandler) (func(), error) {
 		}
 	}
 	serve()
-	c.OnMembership(func(m Membership) {
+	// Its stop drops the membership handler too: a handler left behind would bind the stopped tool again
+	// on the module's next membership, and call a handler whose bundle was replaced (issue 1945).
+	unfollow := c.onMembership(func(m Membership) {
 		if m.Module == module {
 			serve()
 		}
 	})
 	return func() {
+		unfollow()
 		mu.Lock()
 		defer mu.Unlock()
+		stopped = true
 		for _, s := range stops {
 			s()
 		}
diff --git a/node-tools/internal/launch/launch.go b/node-tools/internal/launch/launch.go
index b4c3af8..6492a39 100644
--- a/node-tools/internal/launch/launch.go
+++ b/node-tools/internal/launch/launch.go
@@ -174,6 +174,11 @@ func (c *child) write(m any) error {
 
 var stackLine = regexp.MustCompile(`^\s+at\s`)
 
+// colour is a terminal's colour or style sequence, which node writes into a stack trace when its
+// environment asks for colour (FORCE_COLOR): taken out before a line is judged or kept as a bundle's
+// reason, so the reason reads the same in every environment.
+var colour = regexp.MustCompile("\x1b\\[[0-9;]*m")
+
 // Start launches one bundle and learns its tools. It fails when the child cannot be started or does
 // not complete the handshake. A child that exits later is started again on its next call.
 func Start(module, entry string, env []string, mesh Bus, logf func(string, ...any)) (*Launched, error) {
@@ -245,9 +250,10 @@ func Start(module, entry string, env []string, mesh Bus, logf func(string, ...an
 					continue
 				}
 				logf("[%s] %s", module, line)
-				if !stackLine.MatchString(line) && !strings.HasPrefix(line, "Node.js v") {
+				plain := colour.ReplaceAllString(line, "")
+				if !stackLine.MatchString(plain) && !strings.HasPrefix(plain, "Node.js v") {
 					saidMu.Lock()
-					lastSaid = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+					lastSaid = strings.TrimSpace(plain)
 					saidMu.Unlock()
 				}
 			}
@@ -456,14 +462,24 @@ func Start(module, entry string, env []string, mesh Bus, logf func(string, ...an
 
 	asking := func(method string, params any, timeout time.Duration) (json.RawMessage, error) {
 		mu.Lock()
-		c := current
+		c, gone := current, stopped
 		mu.Unlock()
+		if gone {
+			// A stopped bundle is never started again by a call: a process started now would be one
+			// nothing stops (issue 1945).
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s's bundle is stopped; it answers no call", module)
+		}
 		if c == nil {
 			fresh, err := start()
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			mu.Lock()
+			if stopped {
+				mu.Unlock()
+				_ = fresh.cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s's bundle is stopped; it answers no call", module)
+			}
 			if current == nil {
 				current = fresh
 				startedAt = time.Now()
diff --git a/node-tools/internal/runtime/reload_test.go b/node-tools/internal/runtime/reload_test.go
index 109a1e2..52599df 100644
--- a/node-tools/internal/runtime/reload_test.go
+++ b/node-tools/internal/runtime/reload_test.go
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ func fastSettle(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type reloadBed struct {
+	mesh      *mt.Mesh
 	nodeTools *bus.Conn
 	asker     *bus.Conn
 	logs      *syncLogs
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ func newReloadBed(t *testing.T) *reloadBed {
 	mesh := mt.New(t)
 	mesh.Issue(t, mt.MembershipOf("ledger", "anchor", false, nil))
 	return &reloadBed{
+		mesh:      mesh,
 		nodeTools: connect(t, "node-tools", "anchor"),
 		asker:     connect(t, "console", "workstation"),
 		logs:      &syncLogs{},
@@ -259,6 +261,27 @@ func TestAReplacedBundleIsReloaded(t *testing.T) {
 	b.answers(t, "fourth")
 }
 
+// A replaced bundle's old tool stays gone when the module's membership is issued again: a stopped tool
+// leaves no membership handler behind to bind it once more, and a call on it starts no unmanaged second
+// copy of the bundle (issue 1945, review round 2).
+func TestAReplacedBundlesOldToolStaysGoneOnTheNextMembership(t *testing.T) {
+	b := newReloadBed(t)
+	place(t, b.entry, "first")
+	b.run(t)
+	b.answers(t, "first")
+	place(t, b.entry, "second")
+	b.answers(t, "second")
+	b.silent(t, "first")
+
+	b.mesh.Issue(t, mt.MembershipOf("ledger", "anchor", false, nil))
+	b.answers(t, "second")
+	// Long enough for the reissued membership to have been heard, before the old tool is asked.
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	if got, err := call(t, b.asker, "ledger.first@anchor", map[string]any{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ledger.first is served again after the membership was reissued, and answered %s\n%s", got, b.logs.All())
+	}
+}
+
 // 1945/AC21: a bundle removed while served is no longer served, and its module says why.
 func TestARemovedBundleIsNoLongerServed(t *testing.T) {
 	b := newReloadBed(t)
diff --git a/node-tools/internal/runtime/runtime.go b/node-tools/internal/runtime/runtime.go
index d7b013c..5cd47f9 100644
--- a/node-tools/internal/runtime/runtime.go
+++ b/node-tools/internal/runtime/runtime.go
@@ -480,8 +480,9 @@ func (r *runner) reload(module, what string) {
 	old := r.of[module]
 	r.of[module] = &loadedModule{served: old.served, seen: old.seen}
 	r.mu.Unlock()
-	old.unload()
+	// Its events are refused first, so one heard while the old bundle stops is refused at once.
 	r.events.dropModule(module)
+	old.unload()
 
 	r.logf("[mesh-tools] %s's bundle %s; loading it again", module, what)
 	fresh := r.load(old.served)
diff --git a/node-tools/internal/runtime/watch.go b/node-tools/internal/runtime/watch.go
index d51c347..7ae673b 100644
--- a/node-tools/internal/runtime/watch.go
+++ b/node-tools/internal/runtime/watch.go
@@ -61,26 +61,40 @@ func watchBundles(paths []string, changed func(), logf func(string, ...any)) (fu
 }
 
 // arm watches, for every entrypoint, its directory, or the nearest directory above it that exists. A
-// watch already held on the same directory is kept (inotify answers its descriptor again).
+// watch already held on the same directory is kept (inotify answers its descriptor again). A directory
+// made below the watched one between its stat and its watch would be heard by nobody, so after each watch
+// the path is looked at again, and a deeper directory that came to be is watched in turn.
 func (w *bundleWatch) arm() {
 	for _, p := range w.paths {
-		dir := filepath.Dir(p)
+		target := filepath.Dir(p)
+		watched := ""
 		for {
-			if info, err := os.Stat(dir); err == nil && info.IsDir() {
+			dir := nearestDir(target)
+			if dir == watched {
 				break
 			}
-			up := filepath.Dir(dir)
-			if up == dir {
+			wd, err := unix.InotifyAddWatch(w.fd, dir, watchMask)
+			if err != nil {
+				w.logf("[mesh-tools] cannot watch %s for %s's bundle: %v; a bundle placed or changed there is served only after a restart", dir, p, err)
 				break
 			}
-			dir = up
+			w.byWD[wd] = dir
+			watched = dir
 		}
-		wd, err := unix.InotifyAddWatch(w.fd, dir, watchMask)
-		if err != nil {
-			w.logf("[mesh-tools] cannot watch %s for %s's bundle: %v; a bundle placed or changed there is served only after a restart", dir, p, err)
-			continue
+	}
+}
+
+// nearestDir is dir when it is a directory, else the nearest directory above it.
+func nearestDir(dir string) string {
+	for {
+		if info, err := os.Stat(dir); err == nil && info.IsDir() {
+			return dir
 		}
-		w.byWD[wd] = dir
+		up := filepath.Dir(dir)
+		if up == dir {
+			return dir
+		}
+		dir = up
 	}
 }