Merge pull request '57/P2: The node-engine writes a filled file on the provisioner client's request, and nothing else (issue 668)' (#111) from pkg/57-p2-local-write-verb into feat/57-config-and-provisioning

Review 12004 of mesh-host#111: refusals counted after a said one reached the journal only if the same account was refused again a minute later, and a refusal of another kind hid behind it. The first of each (account, kind) is said at once, and what is counted is said on a timer and when the socket stops. Connections waiting to be judged are bounded below the open-file limit, the busy refusals belong to one Serve, and the tests' ask has a deadline. Issue 668.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

RELEASE-57.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Release 57: config and provisioning
+
+This branch carries the work of hq design 57 (ADR 0348, ADR 0349) in this repository. Each package
+merges here through its own reviewed pull request; the branch reaches main as one pull request, in one
+delivery group with the branch of the same name in mesh-controller, mesh-host, mesh-sdk, mesh-catalog
+and hq, after a rehearsal in the lab. This file is deleted by the last commit before that pull request.

cmd/mesh-host/filling.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"errors"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/apply"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/declaration"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/filling"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/store"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/system"
+)
+
+// serveFilling writes filled files on the provisioner client's request for as long as this engine serves (novox/hq
+// ADR 0349 §4). A socket that cannot be served is said once, and this engine goes on applying.
+func serveFilling(ctx context.Context, opts options, signer ed25519.PublicKey, say func(string)) {
+	if err := filling.Serve(ctx, filling.Socket, fillingEngine(opts, signer, say), say); err != nil {
+		say("filled files are not written on request on this machine: " + err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// fillingEngine is the write of a filled file as this engine does it: the declaration it keeps, verified, read under
+// the apply's lock — the same two locks every apply takes, the process's and the one beside the state — and the file
+// written through the apply (apply.WriteFilled), its outcome recorded in the node's state as an apply's is.
+func fillingEngine(opts options, signer ed25519.PublicKey, say func(string)) *filling.Engine {
+	return &filling.Engine{
+		Declared: func() (*declaration.Declaration, error) {
+			raw, err := store.LoadDeclared(store.DeclaredPath(opts.state), signer)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return declaration.Parse(raw)
+		},
+		UIDOf: filling.UIDOf,
+		Lock: func() (func(), error) {
+			applying.Lock()
+			unlock, err := store.Lock(opts.state, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				applying.Unlock()
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return func() { unlock(); applying.Unlock() }, nil
+		},
+		Place: func(ctx context.Context, d *declaration.Declaration, path string, content []byte) (string, string, error) {
+			built, err := system.For(builtFor)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", err
+			}
+			known, err := store.Load(opts.state)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", err
+			}
+			report, updated, writeErr := apply.WriteFilled(ctx, built, d, known, path, content, apply.ExecRunner,
+				announceOr(say), apply.KeepIn(filepath.Dir(opts.state)), apply.WindowsIn(filepath.Dir(opts.state)))
+			// Saved whichever way it went, as an apply's: what was written is on the machine either way.
+			if err := store.Save(opts.state, updated); err != nil {
+				return "", "", errors.Join(writeErr, errors.New("written, and the node's state could not be saved: "+
+					err.Error()))
+			}
+			action, digest := "", ""
+			for _, o := range report.Outcomes {
+				if o.Target == path && o.Type == string(declaration.TypeFile) {
+					action = o.Action
+				}
+			}
+			if rec, ok := updated.At(string(declaration.TypeFile), path); ok {
+				digest = rec.Wrote
+			}
+			return action, digest, writeErr
+		},
+	}
+}

cmd/mesh-host/filling_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/filling"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/store"
+)
+
+// Defends novox/hq ADR 0349 §4 (issue 668): a write of a filled file and an apply are one at a time — the write
+// takes the lock the apply holds, and writes only once the apply let it go — and the write is recorded in the
+// node's state as an apply's outcome is.
+func TestAWriteAndAnApplyOfTheSameFileSerialise(t *testing.T) {
+	was := builtFor
+	builtFor = "arch"
+	t.Cleanup(func() { builtFor = was })
+	me, err := user.Current()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if me.Uid == "0" {
+		t.Skip("run as root, whose account is never the provisioner's")
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	opts := options{state: filepath.Join(dir, "state.json")}
+	public, private, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "m.conf")
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"declaration": 1, "provisioner_account": me.Username,
+		"filled_files": []string{path}, "resources": []any{map[string]any{"id": "m.conf", "type": "file",
+			"path": path, "content": "from the declaration\n", "owner-at-runtime": "owned", "owner": me.Username}}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := store.SaveDeclared(store.DeclaredPath(opts.state),
+		store.Declared{Declaration: raw, Signature: ed25519.Sign(private, raw)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	e := fillingEngine(opts, public, func(string) {})
+	uid := uint32(os.Getuid())
+	if err := e.Accepts(uid); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// An apply holds the lock.
+	applying.Lock()
+	done := make(chan filling.Answer)
+	go func() {
+		done <- e.Write(context.Background(), uid, filling.Request{Path: path, Content: []byte("filled\n")})
+	}()
+	select {
+	case a := <-done:
+		applying.Unlock()
+		t.Fatalf("written while an apply held the lock: %+v", a)
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+		applying.Unlock()
+		t.Fatal("the file was written while an apply held the lock")
+	}
+	applying.Unlock()
+	a := <-done
+	if a.Refused != "" || a.Failed != "" || a.Action != "created" {
+		t.Fatalf("the write after the apply: %+v", a)
+	}
+	got, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil || string(got) != "filled\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("the file holds %q (%v)", got, err)
+	}
+	known, err := store.Load(opts.state)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if rec, ok := known.Find("m.conf"); !ok || rec.Wrote != a.Digest || rec.Target != path {
+		t.Errorf("the write is not recorded in the node's state: %+v, answered %q", rec, a.Digest)
+	}
+
+	// And the cross-process lock beside the state too: a write waits for a `reconcile` run by hand.
+	unlock, err := store.Lock(opts.state, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	go func() {
+		done <- e.Write(context.Background(), uid, filling.Request{Path: path, Content: []byte("again\n")})
+	}()
+	select {
+	case a := <-done:
+		unlock()
+		t.Fatalf("written while another process held the apply's lock: %+v", a)
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+	unlock()
+	if a := <-done; a.Action != "updated" {
+		t.Fatalf("the second write: %+v", a)
+	}
+}

cmd/mesh-host/main.go

@@ -1280,6 +1280,9 @@ func runLink(ctx context.Context, opts options) error {
 	// And mesh-cli is answered on this machine: the account from the kernel, the line asked of the controller
 	// (novox/hq ADR 0272).
 	go serveMeshCLI(aside, queue, say)
+	// And a filled file is written on the provisioner client's request, one at a time with the apply (novox/hq ADR
+	// 0349 §4).
+	go serveFilling(aside, opts, mine.Membership.Signer, say)
 
 	held := link.HoldRoused(aside, membership, queue, say, opts.timeout, rousedBySignal(ctx))
 	// The act in hand finishes and is kept before this process exits: an apply that stood aside with
@@ -1647,7 +1650,7 @@ func declaredResolvConf(d *declaration.Declaration) (string, string, bool) {
 	}
 	for _, r := range d.Resources {
 		f, ok := r.(*declaration.File)
-		if !ok || f.Path != network.ResolvConf || f.CreateOnce || f.Into != "" {
+		if !ok || f.Path != network.ResolvConf || f.Seeded() || f.Into != "" {
 			continue
 		}
 		module, ok := liveness.ModuleOf(f.ID)
@@ -1769,8 +1772,10 @@ func judgeWhatRuns(ctx context.Context, j *liveness.Judge, queue *link.Queue, sa
 func healthAsReported(st liveness.Statement, ns *network.Statement) *link.Health {
 	// LibraryContract: this engine reads a resource's declared `health` and judges it (ADR 0240 Phase B), judges a
 	// user's declared `root` (novox/hq ADR 0266), and reads a declaration's identities, groups and libraries
-	// (novox/hq ADR 0328), which is what tells the controller it may be sent any of those fields.
-	h := &link.Health{Contract: link.BusyContract, At: st.At.UTC(), Resources: []link.ResourceHealth{}}
+	// (novox/hq ADR 0328), a container's busy (ADR 0335) and a file's owner-at-runtime and the filled files (ADR
+	// 0349 §5) and the provisioner client's account (ADR 0349 §4), which is what tells the controller it may be sent
+	// any of those fields.
+	h := &link.Health{Contract: link.ProvisionerContract, At: st.At.UTC(), Resources: []link.ResourceHealth{}}
 	for _, r := range st.Resources {
 		h.Resources = append(h.Resources, link.ResourceHealth{Module: r.Module, Resource: r.ID, Kind: r.Kind,
 			Target: r.Target, State: r.State, Reason: r.Reason, Since: r.Since.UTC(), Streak: r.Streak,

cmd/mesh-host/units_test.go

@@ -87,9 +87,10 @@ func TestTheStatementSaysAnAccountJudgedForRoot(t *testing.T) {
 			Groups: []string{"openrazer"}}, State: accounts.Healthy, Since: at},
 	}}
 	h := withAccounts(healthAsReported(liveness.Statement{At: at}, nil), as)
-	// At RootContract or later: an engine that also reads a container's busy says BusyContract (novox/hq ADR
-	// 0335), one above ADR 0334's OwnGroupContract.
-	if h.Contract < link.RootContract || link.RootContract != 3 || h.Contract != link.BusyContract ||
+	// At RootContract or later: an engine that also reads the provisioner client's account says ProvisionerContract
+	// (novox/hq ADR 0349 §4), one above ADR 0349 §5's OwnershipContract.
+	if h.Contract < link.RootContract || link.RootContract != 3 || h.Contract != link.ProvisionerContract ||
+		link.ProvisionerContract != link.OwnershipContract+1 || link.OwnershipContract != link.BusyContract+1 ||
 		link.BusyContract != link.OwnGroupContract+1 {
 		t.Fatalf("contract %d", h.Contract)
 	}

examples/foundation-first-node.lock

@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
       "path": "/var/lib/nats-module/conf/accounts.conf",
       "mode": "0600",
       "create-once": true,
-      "content": "// The first user list, carried by the installer because at genesis there is no mesh to\n// compose one. A bootstrap credential, rotated with the store's and replaced by the\n// controller's own composition from its first start onward.\naccounts {\n  MESH {\n    jetstream: enabled\n    users = [\n      { user: \"controller\", password: \"$2a$10$AHqJgOifIVbU41KmATiMhuXFs8xa7Wl2HuN4UVBCXdN2jIQzjqApy\", permissions: {\n        publish: { allow: [\"$JS.ACK.CONTROL.controller.>\", \"$JS.ACK.EVENTS.controller.>\", \"$JS.ACK.DEAD_LETTER_NOTICES.controller.>\", \"$JS.API.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_asked.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_calls.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_hand-acts.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_conditions.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_condition-history.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_lease.>\", \"$KV.SEAT_MESH_BUILD_MACHINE_cancelled.>\", \"$KV.SEAT_NODE_BUILD_AGENT_cancelled.>\", \"_INBOX.enrol.>\", \"mesh.assignment.>\", \"mesh.mod.*.tool.>\", \"mesh.node.>\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-build-machine.accept.>\", \"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.accept.>\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-build-machine.tool.>\", \"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.tool.>\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.applied\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.built-before\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.refused\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.rolled-back\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.checked\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.plan-moved\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.condition-raised\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.condition-changed\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.condition-cleared\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.doctor-heartbeat\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.secret-replaced\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.healer-acted\", \"$SRV.INFO\", \"mesh.seat.node-intrusion-prevention.tool.banned.*\", \"mesh.seat.node-backup.tool.backed-up.*\", \"mesh.seat.node-backup.tool.now.*\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.stalled\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.close\", \"mesh.seat.node-launcher.tool.secret.*\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.release\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.stop\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.times\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.groups\", \"mesh.seat.node-service-manager.tool.restart.*\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.tool.plans\", \"mesh.events.dead.>\", \"mesh.again.>\"] }\n        subscribe: { allow: [\"$JS.API.>\", \"$JS.EVENT.ADVISORY.CONSUMER.MAX_DELIVERIES.>\", \"$JS.EVENT.ADVISORY.CONSUMER.DELETED.>\", \"_DELIVER.controller\", \"_DELIVER.controller.>\", \"_INBOX.controller.>\", \"mesh.control.>\", \"mesh.mod.*.event.provisioner.failing\", \"mesh.mod.*.event.provisioner.recovered\", \"mesh.mod.*.event.provisioner.retirement\", \"mesh.mod.gitea.event.pull.merged\", \"mesh.mod.gitea.event.pull.updated\", \"mesh.mod.mesh-catalog.event.catching-up\", \"mesh.mod.mesh-catalog.event.upgraded\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-build-machine.event.built\", \"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.event.built\", \"mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-controller\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.tool.>\", \"$SRV.PING\", \"$SRV.INFO\", \"$SRV.PING.mesh-controller\", \"$SRV.PING.mesh-controller.>\", \"$SRV.INFO.mesh-controller\", \"$SRV.INFO.mesh-controller.>\", \"$SRV.STATS\", \"$SRV.STATS.mesh-controller\", \"$SRV.STATS.mesh-controller.>\"] }\n        allow_responses: { max: 1, ttl: \"1m\" }\n      } }\n    ]\n  }\n}\n"
+      "content": "// The first user list, carried by the installer because at genesis there is no mesh to\n// compose one. A bootstrap credential, rotated with the store's and replaced by the\n// controller's own composition from its first start onward.\naccounts {\n  MESH {\n    jetstream: enabled\n    users = [\n      { user: \"controller\", password: \"$2a$10$AHqJgOifIVbU41KmATiMhuXFs8xa7Wl2HuN4UVBCXdN2jIQzjqApy\", permissions: {\n        publish: { allow: [\"$JS.ACK.CONTROL.controller.>\", \"$JS.ACK.EVENTS.controller.>\", \"$JS.ACK.DEAD_LETTER_NOTICES.controller.>\", \"$JS.API.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_asked.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_assignments.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_calls.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_hand-acts.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_conditions.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_condition-history.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_declared-config.>\", \"$KV.mesh-controller_lease.>\", \"$KV.SEAT_MESH_BUILD_MACHINE_cancelled.>\", \"$KV.SEAT_NODE_BUILD_AGENT_cancelled.>\", \"_INBOX.enrol.>\", \"mesh.assignment.>\", \"mesh.mod.*.tool.>\", \"mesh.node.>\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-build-machine.accept.>\", \"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.accept.>\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-build-machine.tool.>\", \"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.tool.>\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.applied\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.built-before\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.refused\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.rolled-back\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.checked\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.plan-moved\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.assignment-changed\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.declared-config-changed\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.condition-raised\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.condition-changed\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.condition-cleared\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.doctor-heartbeat\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.secret-replaced\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.event.healer-acted\", \"$SRV.INFO\", \"mesh.seat.node-intrusion-prevention.tool.banned.*\", \"mesh.seat.node-backup.tool.backed-up.*\", \"mesh.seat.node-backup.tool.now.*\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.stalled\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.close\", \"mesh.seat.node-launcher.tool.secret.*\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.release\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.stop\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.times\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-delivery.tool.groups\", \"mesh.seat.node-service-manager.tool.restart.*\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.tool.plans\", \"mesh.events.dead.>\", \"mesh.again.>\"] }\n        subscribe: { allow: [\"$JS.API.>\", \"$JS.EVENT.ADVISORY.CONSUMER.MAX_DELIVERIES.>\", \"$JS.EVENT.ADVISORY.CONSUMER.DELETED.>\", \"_DELIVER.controller\", \"_DELIVER.controller.>\", \"_INBOX.controller.>\", \"mesh.control.>\", \"mesh.mod.*.event.provisioner.failing\", \"mesh.mod.*.event.provisioner.recovered\", \"mesh.mod.*.event.provisioner.retirement\", \"mesh.mod.gitea.event.pull.merged\", \"mesh.mod.gitea.event.pull.updated\", \"mesh.mod.mesh-catalog.event.catching-up\", \"mesh.mod.mesh-catalog.event.upgraded\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-build-machine.event.built\", \"mesh.seat.node-build-agent.event.built\", \"mesh.seat.operator-channel.event.decided.mesh-controller\", \"mesh.seat.mesh-controller.tool.>\", \"$SRV.PING\", \"$SRV.INFO\", \"$SRV.PING.mesh-controller\", \"$SRV.PING.mesh-controller.>\", \"$SRV.INFO.mesh-controller\", \"$SRV.INFO.mesh-controller.>\", \"$SRV.STATS\", \"$SRV.STATS.mesh-controller\", \"$SRV.STATS.mesh-controller.>\"] }\n        allow_responses: { max: 1, ttl: \"1m\" }\n      } }\n    ]\n  }\n}\n"
     },
     // The upstream server, until the broker step adopts it: the `nats` module's own image, built by the
     // mesh, takes its place there once, on these same directories (ADR 0333 §3), as the bus's planned

internal/apply/apply.go

@@ -999,34 +999,7 @@ func ApplyMindingWindows(
 			kept, keptMode, keptOwner = from.Kept, from.KeptMode, from.KeptOwner
 		}
 		// Only now. The record follows the fact, never leads it.
-		known.Record(store.Applied{
-			Origin: origin,
-			ID:     resource.Identity(), Type: string(resource.Kind()),
-			Target: outcome.Target, AppliedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
-			Wrote:        outcome.wrote,
-			Into:         outcome.into,
-			Kept:         kept,
-			KeptMode:     keptMode,
-			KeptOwner:    keptOwner,
-			Reads:        outcome.reads,
-			BusySince:    outcome.busySince,
-			Stateless:    outcome.stateless,
-			Scope:        outcome.scope,
-			User:         outcome.user,
-			Found:        outcome.found,
-			DeclaredUnit: outcome.declared,
-			Shell:        outcome.shell,
-			Linger:       outcome.linger,
-			Groups:       outcome.groups,
-			Unpacked:     outcome.unpacked,
-			AsFound:      outcome.asFound,
-			Declared:     outcome.asFoundDeclared,
-			FoundAt:      outcome.asFoundAt,
-			Holds:        holds(resource),
-		})
-		if outcome.found != nil {
-			known.DropFound(resource.Identity())
-		}
+		recordApplied(&known, origin, resource, outcome, kept, keptMode, keptOwner)
 		// Its module has been taken, and what was held for it is now the mesh's. A file written
 		// into, or a service whose lifecycle is the machine's, replaced nothing that was found, so
 		// its outcome says what the apply did, not that a cutover happened; a hold from when it was
@@ -1075,7 +1048,7 @@ func ApplyMindingWindows(
 		if outcome.Action == heldStill || outcome.Action == waitsBusy {
 			// Not changed: nothing about it moved, so nothing that restarts on it restarts.
 			log(fmt.Sprintf("  %s %s (%s): %s", outcome.Action, outcome.ID, outcome.Target, outcome.Detail))
-		} else if outcome.Action != "unchanged" {
+		} else if moved(outcome) {
 			changed[resource.Identity()] = true
 			// With the detail, when there is one: "updated app" says a container was replaced;
 			// which file made that happen is what somebody reading the log at the time needs
@@ -1168,6 +1141,47 @@ func ApplyMindingWindows(
 	return report, known, nil
 }
 
+// recordApplied records what applying a resource did, once it is done: the record follows the fact, never leads it.
+// kept, keptMode and keptOwner are where the original of what it replaced was kept, and how it was found. What an
+// earlier apply found its unit as goes with it.
+func recordApplied(known *store.State, origin string, resource declaration.Resource, outcome Outcome,
+	kept, keptMode, keptOwner string) {
+	known.Record(store.Applied{
+		Origin: origin,
+		ID:     resource.Identity(), Type: string(resource.Kind()),
+		Target: outcome.Target, AppliedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		Wrote:        outcome.wrote,
+		Into:         outcome.into,
+		Kept:         kept,
+		KeptMode:     keptMode,
+		KeptOwner:    keptOwner,
+		Reads:        outcome.reads,
+		BusySince:    outcome.busySince,
+		Stateless:    outcome.stateless,
+		Scope:        outcome.scope,
+		User:         outcome.user,
+		Found:        outcome.found,
+		DeclaredUnit: outcome.declared,
+		Shell:        outcome.shell,
+		Linger:       outcome.linger,
+		Groups:       outcome.groups,
+		Unpacked:     outcome.unpacked,
+		AsFound:      outcome.asFound,
+		Declared:     outcome.asFoundDeclared,
+		FoundAt:      outcome.asFoundAt,
+		Holds:        holds(resource),
+	})
+	if outcome.found != nil {
+		known.DropFound(resource.Identity())
+	}
+}
+
+// moved reports whether applying a resource moved it, so what restarts or reloads on it does: anything but
+// unchanged, and not a container held still or waiting for its busy one to say idle.
+func moved(outcome Outcome) bool {
+	return outcome.Action != "unchanged" && outcome.Action != heldStill && outcome.Action != waitsBusy
+}
+
 // afterWhatTheyRead is the resources in declared order, except that **a service comes after every
 // resource it names under restart-on or reload-on** (novox/hq issue 260).
 //
@@ -1617,7 +1631,7 @@ func applyFile(r *declaration.File, previous store.Applied, unseal Unseal, keepF
 	// A seed that is already there is left exactly as it is — whatever has grown in it since is
 	// not the mesh's to put back (novox/hq issue 035). What this host records is what it once
 	// wrote, so a later declaration that changes the seed is not mistaken for drift either.
-	if r.CreateOnce && existed {
+	if r.Seeded() && existed {
 		out.wrote = previous.Wrote
 		if out.wrote == "" {
 			out.wrote = digestOf(string(existing))

internal/apply/filled.go

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+package apply
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/declaration"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/store"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/system"
+)
+
+// WriteFilled writes what the provisioner's client filled into one file the declaration names as filled (novox/hq
+// ADR 0349 §4), and makes what reads the file take the change, exactly as an apply that changed it would.
+//
+// **The declared file says everything but the content.** Its path, mode, owner and who owns it at runtime are the
+// declaration's; the client's request carries the content alone. So the file is applied as the declared one with
+// that content in place of the declaration's: an owned file whole through applyFile, a seed only when absent, a
+// managed file's keys through applyInto or its block through applyBlock — the same guards on where nothing is
+// placed, the same Keep of an original found there, the same record. What the declaration seals or fills with
+// `${secret:}` the client has already filled, so the content is written as it came; a file that carried a secret
+// keeps the mode a secret is written with when the declaration gives none.
+//
+// **Then what reads it, in the apply's order** (afterWhatTheyRead): a service naming it under restart-on is
+// restarted and under reload-on reloaded, a process or container naming it under restart-on is restarted, and a
+// running container that reads it at creation — an env-file, a file mounted into it — is recreated, because what
+// it read is recorded by digest and this write changed the digest. Each of those is applied and recorded as an
+// apply does, and what moves goes on moving what names it. Nothing else of the declaration is touched.
+//
+// The caller holds the apply's lock: a write and an apply never write one file at once. log is said the path, the
+// action and the digest, never the content.
+func WriteFilled(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	sys system.System,
+	d *declaration.Declaration,
+	known store.State,
+	path string,
+	content []byte,
+	run Runner,
+	log func(string),
+	keep Keep,
+	windows *Windows,
+) (report Report, _ store.State, _ error) {
+	if log == nil {
+		log = func(string) {}
+	}
+	if !d.Fills(path) {
+		return report, known, &Error{Resource: path, Err: fmt.Errorf("this node's declaration does not name %s "+
+			"as a file the provisioner fills, so nothing was written", path)}
+	}
+	var declared []*declaration.File
+	for _, r := range d.Resources {
+		if f, ok := r.(*declaration.File); ok && f.Path == path {
+			declared = append(declared, f)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(declared) != 1 {
+		// The parser refuses a filled path no file declares; two at one path would need the request to say whose
+		// keys or block it carries, and it carries the content only.
+		return report, known, &Error{Resource: path, Err: fmt.Errorf("%d resources declare %s, and a filled file "+
+			"is written for exactly one, so nothing was written", len(declared), path)}
+	}
+	file := filledAs(declared[0], content)
+	if held, isHeld := known.HeldAt(file.ID); isHeld {
+		return report, known, &Error{Resource: file.ID, Err: fmt.Errorf("%s is held as found for a module not "+
+			"yet taken (%s), so nothing was written", path, held.Why)}
+	}
+
+	in := inputs{declares: map[string]string{}, known: &known, windows: windows, away: newStoreAway(windows, log),
+		groups: groupsWanted(d.Resources), handed: Handed{}}
+	refreshRuntimeRoots(ctx)
+	in.refused = refusedPlaces(d.Resources)
+	in.agentHomes = rootNeverHomes(d)
+	in.dirsBefore = map[string]bool{}
+	// A container that reads the file and mounts a library whose disk or mount is not there is held, as a full apply
+	// holds it: not created over the missing disk (novox/hq ADR 0328 §9).
+	in.held = heldLibraries(ctx, d.Libraries)
+	for _, r := range d.Resources {
+		in.declares[r.Identity()] = declaredDigest(r)
+	}
+	changed := map[string]bool{}
+
+	// The file, as the apply loop applies it.
+	was, _ := known.Find(file.ID)
+	var keepFound Keep
+	if (was.ID == "" || was.Target != file.Path) && !known.Recorded(string(declaration.TypeFile), file.Path) {
+		keepFound = keep
+	}
+	outcome, err := applyOne(ctx, sys, file, run, changed, in, was, nil, keepFound)
+	if err != nil {
+		log(fmt.Sprintf("  failed %s (%s): %v", file.ID, file.Path, err))
+		return report, known, &Error{Resource: file.ID, Err: err, Done: report}
+	}
+	recordKeeping(&known, file, outcome, was)
+	report.Outcomes = append(report.Outcomes, outcome)
+	if !moved(outcome) {
+		return report, known, nil
+	}
+	changed[file.ID] = true
+	line := fmt.Sprintf("  %s %s (%s), filled: %s", outcome.Action, file.ID, file.Path, outcome.wrote)
+	if outcome.Detail != "" {
+		line += ": " + outcome.Detail
+	}
+	log(line)
+
+	// What reads it, in the apply's order, each moving what names it in turn.
+	var failures []*Error
+	for _, r := range afterWhatTheyRead(d.Resources) {
+		if r.Identity() == file.ID || !readsChange(r, path, changed) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, isHeld := known.HeldAt(r.Identity()); isHeld {
+			log(fmt.Sprintf("  held %s (%s): held as found for a module not yet taken, so it was not restarted "+
+				"for %s", r.Identity(), r.Target(), file.ID))
+			continue
+		}
+		was, _ := known.Find(r.Identity())
+		o, err := applyOne(ctx, sys, r, run, changed, in, was, nil, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			if o.found != nil {
+				known.KeepFound(r.Identity(), store.OriginDeclared, *o.found)
+			}
+			failures = append(failures, &Error{Resource: r.Identity(), Err: err})
+			log(fmt.Sprintf("  failed %s (%s): %v", r.Identity(), o.Target, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if o.Action == "waiting" {
+			if o.found != nil {
+				known.KeepFound(r.Identity(), store.OriginDeclared, *o.found)
+			}
+			report.Outcomes = append(report.Outcomes, o)
+			log(fmt.Sprintf("  waiting %s (%s): %s", o.ID, o.Target, o.Detail))
+			continue
+		}
+		recordKeeping(&known, r, o, was)
+		report.Outcomes = append(report.Outcomes, o)
+		if o.busy != nil {
+			report.Busy = append(report.Busy, *o.busy)
+		}
+		if moved(o) {
+			changed[r.Identity()] = true
+			line := fmt.Sprintf("  %s %s (%s)", o.Action, o.ID, o.Target)
+			if o.Detail != "" {
+				line += ": " + o.Detail
+			}
+			log(line)
+		} else if o.Action != "unchanged" {
+			log(fmt.Sprintf("  %s %s (%s): %s", o.Action, o.ID, o.Target, o.Detail))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(failures) > 0 {
+		first := failures[0]
+		first.Done = report
+		first.Others = len(failures) - 1
+		return report, known, first
+	}
+	return report, known, nil
+}
+
+// filledAs is the declared file with the filled content in place of the declaration's.
+func filledAs(declared *declaration.File, content []byte) *declaration.File {
+	f := *declared
+	f.Content, f.Sealed, f.Bytes, f.Secrets = string(content), "", "", nil
+	if f.Mode == "" && (declared.Secret() || len(declared.Secrets) > 0) {
+		// Written as the declaration would have written it: a file carrying a credential is not world-readable.
+		f.Mode = "0600"
+	}
+	return &f
+}
+
+// readsChange reports whether applying r is what makes it take a change of what changed: a service's restart-on or
+// reload-on, a process's or container's restart-on, or a running container that reads path at creation.
+func readsChange(r declaration.Resource, path string, changed map[string]bool) bool {
+	switch res := r.(type) {
+	case *declaration.Service:
+		return len(restartedBy(res.RestartOn, changed)) > 0 || len(restartedBy(res.ReloadOn, changed)) > 0
+	case *declaration.Process:
+		return len(restartedBy(res.RestartOn, changed)) > 0
+	case *declaration.Container:
+		if len(restartedBy(res.RestartOn, changed)) > 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+		if res.RunOnce || res.Schedule != "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		if slices.Contains(res.EnvFile, path) {
+			return true
+		}
+		for _, v := range res.Volumes {
+			if mountSource(v) == path {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// recordKeeping records r as applied, carrying where the original it replaced was kept from its record when this
+// write kept none — for as long as the resource is recorded at the same target, as the apply loop carries it.
+func recordKeeping(known *store.State, r declaration.Resource, o Outcome, was store.Applied) {
+	kept, keptMode, keptOwner := o.kept, o.keptMode, o.keptOwner
+	if kept == "" && was.Target == o.Target {
+		kept, keptMode, keptOwner = was.Kept, was.KeptMode, was.KeptOwner
+	}
+	recordApplied(known, store.OriginDeclared, r, o, kept, keptMode, keptOwner)
+}

internal/apply/filled_library_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package apply
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/declaration"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/store"
+)
+
+// A container that reads a filled file and mounts a library whose disk is not there is held by the write verb as a
+// full apply holds it (novox/hq ADR 0328 §9, issue 668): never created or recreated over the missing disk.
+func TestAWriteDoesNotRecreateAContainerHeldForItsLibrary(t *testing.T) {
+	// No folder is given the group: the library's root is absent, and nothing is made.
+	gid := 61000
+	libraries(t, nil, nil)
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	root := filepath.Join(base, "gone", "media")
+	env := filepath.Join(base, "radarr.env")
+	raw := fmt.Sprintf(`{"declaration":1,"provisioner_account":"mesh-node-provisioner","filled_files":[%q],
+	  "groups":[{"name":"mesh-media","gid":%d}],"libraries":[%s],"resources":[
+	  {"id":"radarr.env","type":"file","path":%q,"content":"","mode":"0600","owner-at-runtime":"owned"},
+	  {"id":"radarr.app","type":"container","name":"radarr","image":%q,"env-file":[%q],"volumes":[%q]}]}`,
+		env, gid, libJSON("media", root, gid, true, false, "movies"), env, pinned, env,
+		filepath.Join(root, "movies")+":/movies")
+	d, err := declaration.Parse([]byte(raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var ran []string
+	run := func(_ context.Context, name string, args ...string) (string, error) {
+		ran = append(ran, name+" "+strings.Join(args, " "))
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	var state store.State
+	for _, content := range []string{"PORT=1\n", "PORT=2\n"} {
+		var report Report
+		report, state, err = WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, state, env, []byte(content), run,
+			nil, nil, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if o := outcomeOf(report, "radarr.app"); o.Action != "waiting" {
+			t.Errorf("after writing %q the container is %+v, not held for its library", content, o)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, line := range ran {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "docker run") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "docker rm") {
+			t.Errorf("the container was created or removed over a missing disk: %v", ran)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/apply/filled_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+package apply
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/declaration"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/store"
+)
+
+// Defends novox/hq ADR 0349 §4 (issue 668): the provisioner's client has the node-engine write a file it filled,
+// and the node-engine writes it as an apply of the declared file with that content would — through applyFile,
+// applyInto or applyBlock by who owns it at runtime — and makes what reads it take the change as an apply does.
+
+// filledDecl is a declaration naming path as filled, with the file's fields after id, type and path, and more
+// resources after it.
+func filledDecl(t *testing.T, path, fields, more string) *declaration.Declaration {
+	t.Helper()
+	if more != "" {
+		more = "," + more
+	}
+	return parseTrusted(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"declaration":1,"provisioner_account":"mesh-node-provisioner",
+	  "filled_files":[%q],"resources":[{"id":"m.conf","type":"file","path":%q,%s}%s]}`, path, path, fields, more))
+}
+
+func TestAWriteOfAPathNotFilledIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	filled := filepath.Join(dir, "filled.conf")
+	other := filepath.Join(dir, "other.conf")
+	d := parseTrusted(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"declaration":1,"filled_files":[%q],"resources":[
+	  {"id":"m.conf","type":"file","path":%q,"content":"x\n","owner-at-runtime":"owned"},
+	  {"id":"m.other","type":"file","path":%q,"content":"y\n"}
+	]}`, filled, filled, other))
+	for _, path := range []string{other, filepath.Join(dir, "nothing.conf")} {
+		_, state, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, path, []byte("evil\n"),
+			noServices, nil, nil, nil)
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not name") {
+			t.Errorf("%s: a write of a path the declaration does not fill was not refused: %v", path, err)
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil && path != other {
+			t.Errorf("%s was written", path)
+		}
+		if len(state.Resources) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("a refused write recorded something: %+v", state.Resources)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(other); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("%s was written", other)
+	}
+}
+
+// Each ownership is written by the write verb exactly as an apply of the declared file with the same content: the
+// same action, the same bytes on disk, the same mode.
+func TestAFilledFileIsWrittenAsItsOwnershipSays(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		name, fields, content, before, action string
+	}{
+		{"owned, absent", `"content":"","mode":"0640","owner-at-runtime":"owned"`, "port = 8080\n", "", "created"},
+		{"owned, over what is there", `"content":"","mode":"0640","owner-at-runtime":"owned"`, "port = 8080\n",
+			"port = 1\n", "updated"},
+		{"seed, absent", `"content":"","mode":"0600","owner-at-runtime":"seed"`, "user default on\n", "", "created"},
+		{"seed, present", `"content":"","mode":"0600","owner-at-runtime":"seed"`, "user default on\n",
+			"user default on\nuser app-one on\n", "kept"},
+		{"managed json", `"into":"json","content":"{}","owner-at-runtime":"managed"`,
+			`{"insecure-registries":["10.42.0.1:5000"]}`, machinesOwn, "updated"},
+		{"managed block", `"into":"block","content":"x\n","owner-at-runtime":"managed"`, "10.42.0.1 ace\n",
+			workstationHosts, "updated"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			at := func() string {
+				path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "the-file")
+				if c.before != "" {
+					if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(c.before), 0o644); err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+				return path
+			}
+			written := at()
+			report, state, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), filledDecl(t, written, c.fields, ""),
+				store.State{}, written, []byte(c.content), noServices, nil, nil, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			applied := at()
+			withContent := strings.Replace(c.fields, fmt.Sprintf(`"content":%q`, contentOf(t, c.fields)),
+				fmt.Sprintf(`"content":%q`, c.content), 1)
+			want, _, err := Apply(context.Background(), archHost(t), filledDecl(t, applied, withContent, ""),
+				store.State{}, store.OriginDeclared, noServices, nil, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got := report.Outcomes[0].Action; got != c.action || got != want.Outcomes[0].Action {
+				t.Errorf("written %s; an apply of the same content %s; want %s", got, want.Outcomes[0].Action, c.action)
+			}
+			if got, apply := readText(t, written), readText(t, applied); got != apply {
+				t.Errorf("written, the file holds\n%q\nan apply of the same content leaves\n%q", got, apply)
+			}
+			if a, b := modeAt(t, written), modeAt(t, applied); a != b {
+				t.Errorf("written mode %o, an apply's %o", a, b)
+			}
+			if rec, ok := state.Find("m.conf"); !ok || rec.Target != written || rec.Origin != store.OriginDeclared {
+				t.Errorf("the write is not recorded as the file's: %+v", rec)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func contentOf(t *testing.T, fields string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var holder struct {
+		Content string `json:"content"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte("{"+fields+"}"), &holder); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return holder.Content
+}
+
+func modeAt(t *testing.T, path string) os.FileMode {
+	t.Helper()
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return info.Mode().Perm()
+}
+
+// A file that carried a secret keeps the mode a secret is written with: the client filled the value, and the file
+// is no more readable for it.
+func TestAFilledFileThatCarriedASecretIsNotWorldReadable(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "token.env")
+	d := filledDecl(t, path, `"content":"TOKEN=${secret:token}\n","secrets":{"token":"c2VhbGVk"},"owner-at-runtime":"owned"`, "")
+	if _, _, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, path, []byte("TOKEN=abc\n"),
+		noServices, nil, nil, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if m := modeAt(t, path); m != 0o600 {
+		t.Errorf("a filled file that carried a secret is mode %o", m)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAWriteUnderReloadOnReloadsItsProgramOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "daemon.conf")
+	d := filledDecl(t, path, `"content":"","owner-at-runtime":"owned"`,
+		`{"id":"m.daemon","type":"service","unit":"m.service","state":"running","reload-on":["m.conf"]},
+		 {"id":"m.other","type":"service","unit":"other.service","state":"running"}`)
+	var commands []string
+	var said []string
+	_, state, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, path, []byte("level = 1\n"),
+		recordingServices(&commands), func(line string) { said = append(said, line) }, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if n := count(commands, "systemctl reload m.service"); n != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("the program was reloaded %d times; commands were %v", n, commands)
+	}
+	joined := strings.Join(commands, "\n")
+	if strings.Contains(joined, "restart m.service") || strings.Contains(joined, "stop m.service") {
+		t.Errorf("the program was restarted, not reloaded: %v", commands)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(joined, "other.service") {
+		t.Errorf("a service that does not read the file was touched: %v", commands)
+	}
+	if _, ok := state.Find("m.daemon"); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("the reloaded service was not recorded")
+	}
+	// The log says the path and the digest, never the content.
+	for _, line := range said {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "level = 1") {
+			t.Errorf("the content was said: %q", line)
+		}
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.Join(said, "\n"), digestOf("level = 1\n")) {
+		t.Errorf("the digest was not said: %q", said)
+	}
+
+	// The same content again moves nothing, and reloads nothing.
+	commands = nil
+	report, _, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, state, path, []byte("level = 1\n"),
+		recordingServices(&commands), nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if report.Outcomes[0].Action != "unchanged" || count(commands, "reload") != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("an unchanged write reloaded: %v %+v", commands, report.Outcomes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAWriteUnderRestartOnRestartsItsProgram(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "daemon.conf")
+	d := filledDecl(t, path, `"content":"","owner-at-runtime":"owned"`,
+		`{"id":"m.daemon","type":"service","unit":"m.service","state":"running","restart-on":["m.conf"]}`)
+	var commands []string
+	if _, _, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, path, []byte("level = 1\n"),
+		recordingServices(&commands), nil, nil, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// A restart is a stop and a start, once.
+	stops, starts := count(commands, "systemctl stop m.service"), count(commands, "systemctl start m.service")
+	if stops != 1 || starts != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("the program was stopped %d and started %d times; commands were %v", stops, starts, commands)
+	}
+}
+
+// A running container that reads the file at creation is recreated, as an apply recreates it for a changed file.
+func TestAWriteOfAFileAContainerReadsRecreatesIt(t *testing.T) {
+	env := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "forge.env")
+	d := filledDecl(t, env, `"content":"","mode":"0600","owner-at-runtime":"owned"`,
+		`{"id":"forge.server","type":"container","name":"forge","image":"`+pinned+`","env-file":["`+env+`"]}`)
+	m := &machine{containers: map[string]*fakeContainer{}}
+	_, state, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, env, []byte("PORT=5432\n"),
+		m.run, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !m.did("docker run") {
+		t.Fatalf("the container was not created: %v", m.asked)
+	}
+	m.asked = nil
+	report, _, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, state, env, []byte("PORT=5433\n"), m.run,
+		nil, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !m.removed("forge") || !m.did("docker run") {
+		t.Fatalf("the container kept what it read before the write: %v", m.asked)
+	}
+	if o := outcomeOf(report, "forge.server"); o.Action != "updated" || !strings.Contains(o.Detail, env) {
+		t.Errorf("the recreate did not say which file changed: %+v", o)
+	}
+}
+
+func count(lines []string, prefix string) int {
+	n := 0
+	for _, l := range lines {
+		if strings.Contains(l, prefix) {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// Two resources declaring one filled path — two modules' blocks in one file — are refused: the request carries the
+// content only, so it cannot say whose block it is, and nothing is written.
+func TestAFilledPathTwoResourcesDeclareIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "hosts")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(workstationHosts), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	d := parseTrusted(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"declaration":1,"filled_files":[%q],"resources":[
+	  {"id":"a.hosts","type":"file","path":%q,"into":"block","content":"10.42.0.1 ace\n","owner-at-runtime":"managed"},
+	  {"id":"b.hosts","type":"file","path":%q,"into":"block","content":"10.42.0.2 g14\n","owner-at-runtime":"managed"}
+	]}`, path, path, path))
+	_, state, err := WriteFilled(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, path, []byte("6.6.6.6 evil\n"),
+		noServices, nil, nil, nil)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "2 resources declare") {
+		t.Fatalf("a path two resources declare was not refused: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := readText(t, path); got != workstationHosts || len(state.Resources) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("something was written or recorded: %q %+v", got, state.Resources)
+	}
+}

internal/apply/library.go

@@ -318,6 +318,17 @@ func heldRoots(verdicts map[string]libraryVerdict, libs []declaration.Library) m
 	return out
 }
 
+// heldLibraries is the root of every library whose disk or mount is not there, with its name, judged now and read
+// only: what a full apply holds its containers for (ADR 0328 §9), for one that judges without applying libraries.
+func heldLibraries(ctx context.Context, libs []declaration.Library) map[string]string {
+	verdicts := map[string]libraryVerdict{}
+	for _, l := range libs {
+		rec, _ := libraryRecord(l.Library)
+		verdicts[l.Library] = assessLibrary(ctx, l, rec)
+	}
+	return heldRoots(verdicts, libs)
+}
+
 // mountsHeld is the library a container waits for: one whose root it mounts, or mounts below, is held.
 func mountsHeld(c *declaration.Container, held map[string]string) string {
 	for _, v := range c.Volumes {
@@ -341,12 +352,7 @@ func WaitingOnLibrary(d *declaration.Declaration) map[string]bool {
 	if d == nil || len(d.Libraries) == 0 {
 		return out
 	}
-	verdicts := map[string]libraryVerdict{}
-	for _, l := range d.Libraries {
-		rec, _ := libraryRecord(l.Library)
-		verdicts[l.Library] = assessLibrary(context.Background(), l, rec)
-	}
-	held := heldRoots(verdicts, d.Libraries)
+	held := heldLibraries(context.Background(), d.Libraries)
 	for _, r := range d.Resources {
 		if c, ok := r.(*declaration.Container); ok && mountsHeld(c, held) != "" {
 			out[c.ID] = true

internal/apply/ownership_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package apply
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/store"
+)
+
+// Defends novox/hq ADR 0349 §5 (issue 667): a file that says who owns it at runtime is written as the
+// form it names always was — owned as a whole file whose drift is written back, seed as create-once,
+// managed as only its keys or its marked block. Each is applied beside its old form, through the same
+// drift, and the two must end the same: the same actions, the same bytes on disk.
+
+// ownershipCase is one ownership word and the old form it maps onto.
+type ownershipCase struct {
+	name string
+	// said and old are the resource's fields after id, type and path: with the word, and in the old form.
+	said, old string
+	// before is what is at the path before the first apply; "" leaves the path absent.
+	before string
+	// drift is what the machine writes there between the two applies.
+	drift string
+	// first and second are the actions the old form is known to report.
+	first, second string
+}
+
+func TestEachOwnershipBehavesAsItsOldForm(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []ownershipCase{
+		{
+			name:  "owned is a whole file whose drift is written back",
+			said:  `"content":"correct\n","mode":"0644","owner-at-runtime":"owned"`,
+			old:   `"content":"correct\n","mode":"0644"`,
+			drift: "someone edited this\n",
+			first: "created", second: "corrected",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "seed is written once and then the program's",
+			said:  `"content":"user default on\n","mode":"0600","owner-at-runtime":"seed"`,
+			old:   `"content":"user default on\n","mode":"0600","create-once":true`,
+			drift: "user default on\nuser app-one on\n",
+			first: "created", second: "kept",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "managed json sets only its keys",
+			said:   `"into":"json","content":"{\"insecure-registries\":[\"10.42.0.1:5000\"]}","owner-at-runtime":"managed"`,
+			old:    `"into":"json","content":"{\"insecure-registries\":[\"10.42.0.1:5000\"]}"`,
+			before: machinesOwn,
+			drift:  `{"data-root":"/srv/other","log-opts":{"max-size":"10m"},"insecure-registries":["192.0.2.7:5000"]}`,
+			first:  "updated", second: "corrected",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "managed block holds only its region",
+			said:   `"into":"block","content":"10.42.0.1 ace\n","owner-at-runtime":"managed"`,
+			old:    `"into":"block","content":"10.42.0.1 ace\n"`,
+			before: workstationHosts,
+			drift:  workstationHosts + "\n" + marked("f", "6.6.6.6 evil\n") + "192.0.2.9 the-machines-own\n",
+			first:  "updated", second: "corrected",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			saidActions, saidBytes := applyThroughDrift(t, c, c.said)
+			oldActions, oldBytes := applyThroughDrift(t, c, c.old)
+			if saidActions != oldActions {
+				t.Errorf("with the word the actions were %s; the old form's were %s", saidActions, oldActions)
+			}
+			if want := c.first + " " + c.second; oldActions != want {
+				t.Errorf("the old form's actions were %s; known to be %s", oldActions, want)
+			}
+			if saidBytes != oldBytes {
+				t.Errorf("with the word the file ends\n%q\nthe old form's ends\n%q", saidBytes, oldBytes)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// applyThroughDrift applies one file, lets the machine write the case's drift into it, applies again,
+// and says the two actions and what the file holds at the end.
+func applyThroughDrift(t *testing.T, c ownershipCase, fields string) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "the-file")
+	if c.before != "" {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(c.before), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	d := parse(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[{"id":"f","type":"file","path":%q,%s}]}`, path, fields))
+	first, state, err := Apply(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, store.OriginDeclared, noServices, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(c.drift), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	second, _, err := Apply(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, state, store.OriginDeclared, noServices, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return first.Outcomes[0].Action + " " + second.Outcomes[0].Action, readText(t, path)
+}
+
+// A seed said by the word alone, with no create-once beside it, is still kept once present: the word is
+// enough, and the file the program grew is not written back.
+func TestASeedByTheWordAloneKeepsWhatGrew(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "acl.conf")
+	d := parse(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[
+	  {"id":"acl","type":"file","path":%q,"content":"user default on\n","owner-at-runtime":"seed"}
+	]}`, path))
+	_, state, err := Apply(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, store.State{}, store.OriginDeclared, noServices, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("grown\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	report, _, err := Apply(context.Background(), archHost(t), d, state, store.OriginDeclared, noServices, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := report.Outcomes[0].Action; got != "kept" {
+		t.Errorf("a seed was %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := readText(t, path); got != "grown\n" {
+		t.Errorf("what grew in the seed was written over: %q", got)
+	}
+}

internal/declaration/declaration.go

@@ -237,8 +237,45 @@ type File struct {
 
 	// Owner is the user this belongs to, by name. Absent means root.
 	Owner string `json:"owner,omitempty"`
+
+	// OwnerAtRuntime says who owns the file once it is placed (novox/hq ADR 0349 §5): "owned", the mesh's
+	// whole, written back whenever it differs; "seed", written once and then the program's; or "managed",
+	// only its named keys or its marked block the mesh's, the program keeping the rest.
+	//
+	// **Three words for what the forms above already do.** Owned is an ordinary file, seed is create-once
+	// and managed is a file written into, so the word changes no write: a file that says it is applied
+	// exactly as its old form is, and one that does not say is owned by its old form (Ownership). The word
+	// is what the provisioner's files say of themselves, which the old forms only implied. Seed is enough
+	// alone; managed still needs `into`, which says the format. A word that contradicts the form is refused.
+	OwnerAtRuntime string `json:"owner-at-runtime,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// The words a file says who owns it at runtime with (novox/hq ADR 0349 §5).
+const (
+	RuntimeOwned   = "owned"
+	RuntimeSeed    = "seed"
+	RuntimeManaged = "managed"
+)
+
+// Ownership is who owns the file at runtime: the word it says, or the one its old form implies — a file
+// written into is managed, one created once is a seed, and any other is owned.
+func (f *File) Ownership() string {
+	switch {
+	case f.OwnerAtRuntime != "":
+		return f.OwnerAtRuntime
+	case f.Into != "":
+		return RuntimeManaged
+	case f.CreateOnce:
+		return RuntimeSeed
+	default:
+		return RuntimeOwned
+	}
+}
+
+// Seeded reports whether the file is written only when absent: created once, by create-once or by the
+// word seed.
+func (f *File) Seeded() bool { return f.CreateOnce || f.OwnerAtRuntime == RuntimeSeed }
+
 // Secret reports whether this file arrived sealed, which is what decides both that it must be
 // opened before writing and that its contents must never appear in a report.
 func (f *File) Secret() bool { return f.Sealed != "" }
@@ -320,6 +357,7 @@ func (f *File) validate(where string, _ bool) []string {
 				"secrets or create-once")
 		}
 	}
+	problems = append(problems, f.checkOwnership(where)...)
 	var said []string
 	for name, value := range map[string]string{
 		"content": f.Content, "sealed": f.Sealed, "bytes": f.Bytes,
@@ -361,6 +399,42 @@ func (f *File) validate(where string, _ bool) []string {
 	return append(problems, checkMode(where, f.Mode)...)
 }
 
+// checkOwnership refuses a word that contradicts the file's form (novox/hq ADR 0349 §5): owned is a whole
+// file written back, so not created once nor written into; a seed is a whole file created once, so not
+// written into; managed is a file written into, which says its format. Managed and created once together
+// is already refused by the rule that a file written into is not created once.
+func (f *File) checkOwnership(where string) []string {
+	switch f.OwnerAtRuntime {
+	case "":
+	case RuntimeOwned:
+		var also []string
+		if f.CreateOnce {
+			also = append(also, "create-once")
+		}
+		if f.Into != "" {
+			also = append(also, "into")
+		}
+		if len(also) > 0 {
+			return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s: owned at runtime is the mesh's whole file, written back whenever it "+
+				"differs, and this also says %s", where, strings.Join(also, " and "))}
+		}
+	case RuntimeSeed:
+		if f.Into != "" {
+			return []string{where + ": a seed is a whole file written once, and this says into; a file the " +
+				"program shares with the mesh is managed"}
+		}
+	case RuntimeManaged:
+		if f.Into == "" {
+			return []string{where + ": a managed file names the format its keys or block are written into, " +
+				"with into \"json\" or \"block\""}
+		}
+	default:
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("%s: owner-at-runtime %q; a placed file is %q, %q or %q, or omits it to be "+
+			"owned by its form", where, f.OwnerAtRuntime, RuntimeOwned, RuntimeSeed, RuntimeManaged)}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // User is a login on the machine.
 //
 // The thing that makes a shell, a chat client or a desktop expressible at all: each is a package
@@ -1565,6 +1639,71 @@ type Declaration struct {
 	// this is its home, whether the operator's warrant to take it was carried out, the sub-paths its modules ask for,
 	// and the tool runner's account to put in its group (§11). Absent is a controller older than ADR 0328.
 	Libraries []Library
+
+	// Filled is the paths of the files the provisioner fills on this machine (novox/hq ADR 0349 §4, §5): each a
+	// file this declaration declares, which says who owns it at runtime. The provisioner's client has the
+	// node-engine write only these. Absent is a controller that hands no file to the provisioner, and every
+	// file is written from the declaration as before.
+	Filled []string
+
+	// Provisioner is the account the provisioner's client runs as on this machine, by name (novox/hq ADR 0349 §4):
+	// the only account whose write of a filled file the node-engine's local write socket accepts. Absent is a
+	// controller that names none, and every such write is refused.
+	Provisioner string
+}
+
+// checkProvisioner refuses a provisioner client's account that is no account name, or is root: the account whose
+// writes the node-engine accepts must be one that could not write the file without it.
+func checkProvisioner(name string) []string {
+	switch {
+	case name == "":
+		return nil
+	case !accountName.MatchString(name):
+		return []string{fmt.Sprintf("provisioner_account %q is not an account name", name)}
+	case name == "root":
+		return []string{"provisioner_account is root; the provisioner's client runs as an account of its own"}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Fills reports whether the provisioner fills the file at path on this machine.
+func (d *Declaration) Fills(path string) bool { return slices.Contains(d.Filled, path) }
+
+// checkFilled refuses a filled path that is not a declared file saying who owns it at runtime, or that is named
+// twice or empty. Every file declared at the path must say it: the provisioner writes the path, and a file there
+// the mesh writes some other way would be a second writer of it (ADR 0349 §5).
+func checkFilled(filled []string, resources []Resource) []string {
+	var problems []string
+	files := map[string][]*File{}
+	for _, r := range resources {
+		if f, ok := r.(*File); ok {
+			files[f.Path] = append(files[f.Path], f)
+		}
+	}
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, path := range filled {
+		switch {
+		case path == "":
+			problems = append(problems, "filled_files names a file with no path")
+			continue
+		case seen[path]:
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf("filled_files names %q twice", path))
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[path] = true
+		if len(files[path]) == 0 {
+			problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf("filled_files names %q, and this declaration declares no "+
+				"file there", path))
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, f := range files[path] {
+			if f.OwnerAtRuntime == "" {
+				problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf("resource %q: the provisioner fills %q, and a file it "+
+					"fills says who owns it at runtime with owner-at-runtime", f.ID, path))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return problems
 }
 
 // Identity is one module's identity, as the controller allocated it (ADR 0328 §4): its user `mesh-<module>` with
@@ -1904,6 +2043,12 @@ type envelope struct {
 	// sends them only to a host whose health says link.LibraryContract.
 	Groups    []Group   `json:"groups,omitempty"`
 	Libraries []Library `json:"libraries,omitempty"`
+	// Filled is optional too (novox/hq ADR 0349 §5), as is a file's `owner-at-runtime`. **An older host refuses
+	// these keys**; a controller sends them only to a host whose health says link.OwnershipContract.
+	Filled []string `json:"filled_files,omitempty"`
+	// Provisioner is optional too (novox/hq ADR 0349 §4). **An older host refuses this key**; a controller sends it
+	// only to a host whose health says link.ProvisionerContract.
+	Provisioner string `json:"provisioner_account,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func parse(raw []byte, allowActions bool) (*Declaration, error) {
@@ -1922,8 +2067,10 @@ func parse(raw []byte, allowActions bool) (*Declaration, error) {
 
 	d := &Declaration{Version: env.Version, For: env.For, Adoption: env.Adoption, Sequence: env.Sequence,
 		Epoch: env.Epoch, LeftOut: env.LeftOut, Generation: env.Generation, PutBack: env.PutBack,
-		Identities: env.Identities, Groups: env.Groups, Libraries: env.Libraries}
+		Identities: env.Identities, Groups: env.Groups, Libraries: env.Libraries, Filled: env.Filled,
+		Provisioner: env.Provisioner}
 	problems := checkIdentities(env.Identities, env.Groups)
+	problems = append(problems, checkProvisioner(env.Provisioner)...)
 	problems = append(problems, checkLibraries(env.Groups, env.Libraries)...)
 	if env.Generation < 0 {
 		// Below zero would read as "none claimed" and pass every refusal of an older generation.
@@ -2015,6 +2162,7 @@ func parse(raw []byte, allowActions bool) (*Declaration, error) {
 	problems = append(problems, checkWhileStopped(d.Resources)...)
 	problems = append(problems, checkAdoption(env.Adoption, d.Resources, allowActions)...)
 	problems = append(problems, checkReplaces(d.Resources)...)
+	problems = append(problems, checkFilled(env.Filled, d.Resources)...)
 	if env.Adoption == nil {
 		for _, r := range d.Resources {
 			if r.Kind() == TypeOpening {

internal/declaration/ownership_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package declaration
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Defends novox/hq ADR 0349 §5 (issue 667): a file the provisioner places says who owns it at runtime
+// — owned, seed or managed — and the declaration names the files the provisioner fills. The words are
+// read and judged here before any controller sends them.
+
+func TestAFileSaysWhoOwnsItAtRuntime(t *testing.T) {
+	d, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[
+	  {"id":"o","type":"file","path":"/etc/o","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned"},
+	  {"id":"s","type":"file","path":"/etc/s","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"seed"},
+	  {"id":"s2","type":"file","path":"/etc/s2","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"seed","create-once":true},
+	  {"id":"mj","type":"file","path":"/etc/mj","into":"json","content":"{\"k\":1}","owner-at-runtime":"managed"},
+	  {"id":"mb","type":"file","path":"/etc/mb","into":"block","content":"a\n","owner-at-runtime":"managed"}
+	]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want := map[string]string{"o": RuntimeOwned, "s": RuntimeSeed, "s2": RuntimeSeed, "mj": RuntimeManaged,
+		"mb": RuntimeManaged}
+	for _, r := range d.Resources {
+		f := r.(*File)
+		if f.OwnerAtRuntime != want[f.ID] || f.Ownership() != want[f.ID] {
+			t.Errorf("%s: read as %q, ownership %q; want %q", f.ID, f.OwnerAtRuntime, f.Ownership(), want[f.ID])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A file that does not say is owned by its old form, so the word means exactly what that form does.
+func TestAFileThatDoesNotSayIsOwnedByItsOldForm(t *testing.T) {
+	d, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[
+	  {"id":"o","type":"file","path":"/etc/o","content":"a"},
+	  {"id":"s","type":"file","path":"/etc/s","content":"a","create-once":true},
+	  {"id":"mj","type":"file","path":"/etc/mj","into":"json","content":"{}"},
+	  {"id":"mb","type":"file","path":"/etc/mb","into":"block","content":"a\n"}
+	]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want := map[string]string{"o": RuntimeOwned, "s": RuntimeSeed, "mj": RuntimeManaged, "mb": RuntimeManaged}
+	for _, r := range d.Resources {
+		f := r.(*File)
+		if f.OwnerAtRuntime != "" || f.Ownership() != want[f.ID] {
+			t.Errorf("%s: said %q, ownership %q; want unsaid and %q", f.ID, f.OwnerAtRuntime, f.Ownership(), want[f.ID])
+		}
+		if f.Seeded() != (want[f.ID] == RuntimeSeed) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: seeded %v", f.ID, f.Seeded())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnOwnershipThatContradictsTheFileIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, c := range map[string]struct{ resource, refusal string }{
+		"another word": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"mine"}`,
+			`owner-at-runtime "mine"`},
+		"owned and create-once": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned","create-once":true}`,
+			"create-once"},
+		"owned and into": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","into":"json","content":"{}","owner-at-runtime":"owned"}`,
+			"into"},
+		"seed and into": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","into":"block","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"seed"}`,
+			"into"},
+		"managed and whole": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"managed"}`,
+			"into"},
+		"managed and create-once": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","into":"json","content":"{}","owner-at-runtime":"managed","create-once":true}`,
+			"create-once"},
+		// The rule that was there before stays: a file written into is never sealed or created once.
+		"managed and sealed": {`{"id":"f","type":"file","path":"/etc/x","into":"json","content":"{}","sealed":"x","owner-at-runtime":"managed"}`,
+			"sealed"},
+	} {
+		_, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[` + c.resource + `]}`))
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), c.refusal) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: want a refusal naming %q, got %v", name, c.refusal, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTheDeclarationNamesTheFilesTheProvisionerFills(t *testing.T) {
+	d, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"filled_files":["/etc/a","/etc/b"],"resources":[
+	  {"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned"},
+	  {"id":"b","type":"file","path":"/etc/b","into":"block","content":"b\n","owner-at-runtime":"managed"},
+	  {"id":"c","type":"file","path":"/etc/c","content":"c"}
+	]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(d.Filled) != 2 || d.Filled[0] != "/etc/a" || d.Filled[1] != "/etc/b" {
+		t.Fatalf("filled files read as %v", d.Filled)
+	}
+	if !d.Fills("/etc/a") || !d.Fills("/etc/b") || d.Fills("/etc/c") {
+		t.Errorf("Fills: a %v, b %v, c %v", d.Fills("/etc/a"), d.Fills("/etc/b"), d.Fills("/etc/c"))
+	}
+
+	// A declaration that names none fills none, as every declaration before this did.
+	d, err = Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[{"id":"c","type":"file","path":"/etc/c","content":"c"}]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if d.Filled != nil || d.Fills("/etc/c") {
+		t.Errorf("a declaration naming no filled files fills %v", d.Filled)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAFilledFileMustBeADeclaredFileThatSaysItsOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, c := range map[string]struct{ filled, resources, refusal string }{
+		"not declared": {`["/etc/none"]`,
+			`{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned"}`,
+			`"/etc/none"`},
+		"a directory, not a file": {`["/etc/d"]`,
+			`{"id":"d","type":"directory","path":"/etc/d"}`,
+			`"/etc/d"`},
+		"says no owner": {`["/etc/a"]`,
+			`{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a"}`,
+			"owner-at-runtime"},
+		"named twice": {`["/etc/a","/etc/a"]`,
+			`{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned"}`,
+			"twice"},
+		"no path": {`[""]`,
+			`{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned"}`,
+			"no path"},
+	} {
+		_, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"filled_files":` + c.filled + `,"resources":[` + c.resources + `]}`))
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), c.refusal) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: want a refusal naming %q, got %v", name, c.refusal, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/declaration/provisioner_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package declaration
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Defends novox/hq ADR 0349 §4 (issue 668): the declaration names the account the provisioner's client runs as,
+// the only one whose write of a filled file the node-engine accepts. Read here before any controller sends it.
+
+func TestTheDeclarationNamesTheProvisionersAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	d, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"provisioner_account":"mesh-node-provisioner","filled_files":["/etc/a"],
+	  "resources":[{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a","owner-at-runtime":"owned"}]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if d.Provisioner != "mesh-node-provisioner" {
+		t.Errorf("the provisioner's account read as %q", d.Provisioner)
+	}
+	d, err = Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"resources":[{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a"}]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if d.Provisioner != "" {
+		t.Errorf("a declaration naming no account names %q", d.Provisioner)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAProvisionersAccountThatIsNoAccountIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, account := range map[string]string{"root": "root", "not a name": "a b", "a path": "../x"} {
+		_, err := Parse([]byte(`{"declaration":1,"provisioner_account":"` + account + `",
+		  "resources":[{"id":"a","type":"file","path":"/etc/a","content":"a"}]}`))
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "provisioner_account") {
+			t.Errorf("%s: want a refusal naming provisioner_account, got %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/filling/filling.go

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+// Package filling is the node-engine's narrow local write verb (novox/hq ADR 0349 §4, design 57 P2): a socket on
+// this machine through which the provisioner's client has a file it filled written, and nothing else.
+//
+// **The client fills; the node-engine writes.** The client renders a module's template with the values each domain
+// owns and hands the node-engine the content; the node-engine writes it as the declared file, with the declared
+// file's path, owner, mode and ownership at runtime, and makes what reads it take the change. So the one process that
+// writes the machine's files is still the node-engine, and the client needs no right to write any of them.
+//
+// **Narrow by three checks, each from something the client cannot say for itself.** The account asking, from the
+// kernel (SO_PEERCRED), in this machine's own namespaces, must be the account the node's current declaration names
+// as the provisioner's client's; the path, clean and absolute, must be one the declaration names as filled; and the
+// write takes the apply's lock, so a write and an apply never write one file at once. While the declaration names no
+// account — every declaration before the provisioner's client has one — every write is refused.
+//
+// **No listening control surface** (novox/hq ADR 0004): the socket has no network address. And the content is never
+// said: the journal has the path, the account and the content's digest.
+package filling
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/declaration"
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/meshcli"
+)
+
+// Socket is where the node-engine accepts a write of a filled file, beside mesh-cli's socket.
+const Socket = "/run/nox-mesh-host/fill.sock"
+
+// MaxRequest bounds one request, its content encoded in it: a configuration file, never an archive.
+const MaxRequest = 8 << 20
+
+// Request is one write, sent as one JSON object on one line: the path of a filled file and what the client filled
+// into it (base64 in the JSON). The content only: the declaration says everything else about the file.
+type Request struct {
+	Path    string `json:"path"`
+	Content []byte `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// Answer is what came of one request. Refused is a write that was not attempted, with why; Failed one that was
+// attempted and did not complete, with why — the file, or something that reads it. Otherwise Action is what the
+// write did to the file (created, updated, corrected, unchanged, kept) and Digest what the file holds now, as the
+// node-engine records it.
+type Answer struct {
+	Path    string `json:"path,omitempty"`
+	Action  string `json:"action,omitempty"`
+	Digest  string `json:"digest,omitempty"`
+	Refused string `json:"refused,omitempty"`
+	Failed  string `json:"failed,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Refusal is an answer that nothing was written, and why.
+func Refusal(path, why string) Answer { return Answer{Path: path, Refused: why} }
+
+// Writer is the node-engine's side of the socket.
+type Writer interface {
+	// Accepts judges the asking account before its request is read: nil when the current declaration names it as
+	// the provisioner's client's.
+	Accepts(uid uint32) error
+	// Write judges the request and writes it, holding the apply's lock.
+	Write(ctx context.Context, uid uint32, req Request) Answer
+}
+
+// Engine is the Writer the node-engine serves: the declaration it applies now, read again under the apply's lock.
+type Engine struct {
+	// Declared reads the declaration this node applies now, verified.
+	Declared func() (*declaration.Declaration, error)
+	// UIDOf is the user id of an account, by name, from this machine's user database.
+	UIDOf func(account string) (uint32, error)
+	// Lock takes the apply's lock and returns what releases it: the same the apply takes, so a write and an apply
+	// are one at a time.
+	Lock func() (func(), error)
+	// Place writes the content into the filled file at path, as the declared file, and makes what reads it take the
+	// change. Called holding the lock, with the declaration read under it.
+	Place func(ctx context.Context, d *declaration.Declaration, path string, content []byte) (action, digest string,
+		err error)
+}
+
+// Accepts reads the declaration and judges the account.
+func (e *Engine) Accepts(uid uint32) error {
+	d, err := e.Declared()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("this node's declaration cannot be read, so no write is accepted: %w", err)
+	}
+	return JudgeAccount(d, uid, e.UIDOf)
+}
+
+// Write takes the apply's lock, reads the declaration under it, judges the account and the path again — the
+// declaration may have changed since the request was accepted — and writes.
+func (e *Engine) Write(ctx context.Context, uid uint32, req Request) Answer {
+	if err := JudgeShape(req.Path); err != nil {
+		return Refusal(req.Path, err.Error())
+	}
+	unlock, err := e.Lock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Refusal(req.Path, "the apply's lock could not be taken, so nothing was written: "+err.Error())
+	}
+	defer unlock()
+	d, err := e.Declared()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Refusal(req.Path, "this node's declaration cannot be read, so nothing was written: "+err.Error())
+	}
+	if err := JudgeAccount(d, uid, e.UIDOf); err != nil {
+		return Refusal(req.Path, err.Error())
+	}
+	if err := JudgePath(d, req.Path); err != nil {
+		return Refusal(req.Path, err.Error())
+	}
+	action, digest, err := e.Place(ctx, d, req.Path, req.Content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Answer{Path: req.Path, Action: action, Digest: digest, Failed: err.Error()}
+	}
+	return Answer{Path: req.Path, Action: action, Digest: digest}
+}
+
+// JudgeAccount refuses every account but the one the declaration names as the provisioner's client's, by its user
+// id here — and every account while the declaration names none.
+func JudgeAccount(d *declaration.Declaration, uid uint32, uidOf func(string) (uint32, error)) error {
+	if d.Provisioner == "" {
+		return errors.New("this node's declaration names no provisioner client's account, so no write is accepted")
+	}
+	want, err := uidOf(d.Provisioner)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the provisioner client's account %s is not on this machine, so no write is accepted: %w",
+			d.Provisioner, err)
+	}
+	if want == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the provisioner client's account %s is root here, so no write is accepted", d.Provisioner)
+	}
+	if uid != want {
+		return fmt.Errorf("user id %d is not the provisioner client's account %s (user id %d), so nothing was written",
+			uid, d.Provisioner, want)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// JudgeShape refuses a path that is not clean and absolute: a relative path, `..`, a doubled or trailing slash.
+// Compared as written with the declaration's, a path that is not clean could name a file the declaration does not.
+func JudgeShape(path string) error {
+	switch {
+	case path == "":
+		return errors.New("the request names no path, so nothing was written")
+	case !filepath.IsAbs(path):
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is not an absolute path, so nothing was written", path)
+	case filepath.Clean(path) != path:
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is not a clean path (it is %q cleaned), so nothing was written", path,
+			filepath.Clean(path))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// JudgePath refuses a path that is not clean and absolute, or that the declaration does not name as filled. Where it
+// leads — a link on the way, a place nothing is written — is judged by the write, by the apply's own rules.
+func JudgePath(d *declaration.Declaration, path string) error {
+	if err := JudgeShape(path); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !d.Fills(path) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a file this node's declaration names as filled, so nothing was written", path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UIDOf is the user id of an account by name, from this machine's user database.
+func UIDOf(account string) (uint32, error) {
+	u, err := user.Lookup(account)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(u.Uid, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("user id %q: %w", u.Uid, err)
+	}
+	return uint32(id), nil
+}
+
+// peerOf and sameNamespaces are the kernel's word on the asking process, as mesh-cli's socket reads it. Variables so
+// a test can say.
+var (
+	peerOf         = meshcli.PeerCredentials
+	sameNamespaces = meshcli.SameNamespaces
+)
+
+// within bounds how long an accepted connection may take to say its request, and refusedWithin how long a busy one
+// is read and dropped before its refusal is written (so the client is not answered with a broken pipe). Variables so
+// a test need not wait.
+var (
+	within        = 30 * time.Second
+	refusedWithin = 1 * time.Second
+)
+
+// atOnce bounds the accepted connections served at the same time: one client, writing one file at a time. One over
+// is refused busy. busyWaitingAtOnce bounds how many busy refusals wait for their request at once, per Serve; over it
+// a busy refusal is written at once, as mesh-cli's socket does. judgingAtOnce bounds the callers judged at once, and
+// judgeWaiting the connections waiting to be judged — each an open file, so far below the engine's open-file limit;
+// one over is closed at once, unread. Variables so a test can say.
+var (
+	atOnce            = 4
+	busyWaitingAtOnce = 8
+	judgingAtOnce     = 16
+	judgeWaiting      = 256
+)
+
+// refusalsSaidEvery is how often the refusals counted and not yet said are said: each kind of refusal of each account
+// is said at once the first time, and what follows it within this time is counted and said at its end, or when the
+// socket stops. A variable so a test need not wait.
+var refusalsSaidEvery = time.Minute
+
+// acceptBackoff is how long the socket waits after an accept that failed before it accepts again, at first and at
+// most: a socket that stopped at the first such failure (too many open files, say) would stop the client's writes
+// until the engine restarted. Variables so a test need not wait.
+var (
+	acceptBackoff    = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	acceptBackoffMax = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// acceptFrom accepts one connection. A variable so a test can make it fail.
+var acceptFrom = func(l *net.UnixListener) (*net.UnixConn, error) { return l.AcceptUnix() }
+
+// Serve listens on socket until ctx ends, and answers each connection: one request, one answer.
+//
+// The directory is made 0755 and the socket 0666, as mesh-cli's: who may write is judged per connection from the
+// kernel's word, against the current declaration, so the socket needs no account that may not exist yet. **The
+// caller is judged before it holds anything**: one the kernel does not say is the provisioner client's account is
+// answered and closed at once, and only the client's connections are served or wait as busy, so no other account can
+// hold the socket from it. A file at the socket's path that is not a socket is never removed: the engine says so and
+// serves nothing.
+func Serve(ctx context.Context, socket string, w Writer, say func(string)) error {
+	if say == nil {
+		say = func(string) {}
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Dir(socket)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the filled files' socket directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	if problem := meshcli.NotOwnDirectory(dir); problem != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("filled files are not written on request on this machine: %s", problem)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the filled files' socket directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	if info, err := os.Lstat(socket); err == nil {
+		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is there and is not a socket, and the node-engine did not put it there; filled "+
+				"files are not written on request until it is moved", socket)
+		}
+		if err := os.Remove(socket); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("the socket a previous engine left at %s: %w", socket, err)
+		}
+	}
+	l, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Name: socket, Net: "unix"})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("listening for filled files at %s: %w", socket, err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod(socket, 0o666); err != nil {
+		l.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("opening the filled files' socket: %w", err)
+	}
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		l.Close()
+	}()
+	slots := make(chan struct{}, atOnce)
+	// Judging reads the declaration: at most judging callers are judged at once, and the rest wait their turn — a
+	// few milliseconds each — rather than being refused, so a flood delays the client's write and never stops it.
+	judging := make(chan struct{}, judgingAtOnce)
+	var waiting atomic.Int64
+	busyWaiting := make(chan struct{}, busyWaitingAtOnce)
+	refusals := &refusalWords{say: say}
+	// Said once everything has stopped: what was counted is never lost with the socket.
+	defer refusals.flush()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	defer wg.Wait()
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		tick := time.NewTicker(refusalsSaidEvery)
+		defer tick.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-tick.C:
+				refusals.flush()
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	backoff := time.Duration(0)
+	for {
+		conn, err := acceptFrom(l)
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("the filled files' socket was closed: %w", err)
+			}
+			// Said, waited for, and accepted again: the failure is the machine's for a moment, not the socket's.
+			backoff = min(max(2*backoff, acceptBackoff), acceptBackoffMax)
+			say(fmt.Sprintf("the filled files' socket could not accept a connection (%v); accepting again in %s",
+				err, backoff))
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return nil
+			case <-time.After(backoff):
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		backoff = 0
+		if waiting.Add(1) > int64(judgeWaiting) {
+			// Too many waiting to be judged already: this one is closed unread, and counted.
+			waiting.Add(-1)
+			refusals.said(^uint32(0), "overflow", "too many connections are waiting to be judged; closed unread")
+			conn.Close()
+			continue
+		}
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			// Judged before it holds a slot or is waited for.
+			judging <- struct{}{}
+			uid, ok := judgePeer(conn, w, refusals)
+			<-judging
+			waiting.Add(-1)
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			readBy := time.Now().Add(within)
+			_ = conn.SetDeadline(readBy)
+			select {
+			case slots <- struct{}{}:
+				defer func() { <-slots }()
+				answer(ctx, conn, uid, w, say)
+			default:
+				busy(conn, readBy, busyWaiting, say)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+}
+
+// judgePeer reads the asking account from the kernel and judges it. A caller that is not the provisioner client's
+// account is answered with why and closed at once, its request never read: false.
+func judgePeer(conn *net.UnixConn, w Writer, refusals *refusalWords) (uint32, bool) {
+	closeWith := func(uid uint32, kind, why string) (uint32, bool) {
+		refusals.said(uid, kind, why)
+		_ = conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(refusedWithin))
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(Refusal("", why))
+		conn.Close()
+		return uid, false
+	}
+	uid, pid, err := peerOf(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return closeWith(^uint32(0), "unread", "the node-engine could not read which account is asking, so nothing was "+
+			"written: "+err.Error())
+	}
+	if err := sameNamespaces(pid); err != nil {
+		return closeWith(uid, "namespace", "the asking process does not run in this machine's own namespaces, so nothing was "+
+			"written: "+err.Error())
+	}
+	if err := w.Accepts(uid); err != nil {
+		return closeWith(uid, "account", err.Error())
+	}
+	return uid, true
+}
+
+// refusalWords says refused callers in the journal without letting a flood flood it: the first refusal of each kind
+// for each account at once, and those that follow it counted and said by flush — on a timer and when the socket stops
+// — so an account that stops still has its count said, and a refusal of another kind never hides behind one said.
+type refusalWords struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	say     func(string)
+	pending map[refusalKey]*refusalCount
+}
+
+type refusalKey struct {
+	uid  uint32
+	kind string
+}
+
+type refusalCount struct {
+	n   int
+	why string
+}
+
+func (r *refusalWords) said(uid uint32, kind, why string) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	if r.pending == nil {
+		r.pending = map[refusalKey]*refusalCount{}
+	}
+	k := refusalKey{uid, kind}
+	if c, ok := r.pending[k]; ok {
+		c.n++
+		c.why = why
+		return
+	}
+	r.pending[k] = &refusalCount{}
+	r.say(fmt.Sprintf("a filled file's write from %s was refused (%s): %s", who(k), kind, why))
+}
+
+// flush says what was counted since each was last said, and forgets every key, so the next refusal of each is said at
+// once again.
+func (r *refusalWords) flush() {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	keys := make([]refusalKey, 0, len(r.pending))
+	for k := range r.pending {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(keys, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if keys[i].uid != keys[j].uid {
+			return keys[i].uid < keys[j].uid
+		}
+		return keys[i].kind < keys[j].kind
+	})
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		if c := r.pending[k]; c.n > 0 {
+			r.say(fmt.Sprintf("%d more writes of a filled file from %s were refused (%s) since it was last said; the last: %s",
+				c.n, who(k), k.kind, c.why))
+		}
+	}
+	r.pending = nil
+}
+
+// who names a caller by its user id, or says why it has none.
+func who(k refusalKey) string {
+	switch {
+	case k.kind == "overflow":
+		return "a caller not yet judged"
+	case k.uid == ^uint32(0):
+		return "an account that could not be read"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("user id %d", k.uid)
+}
+
+// answer serves one connection from the provisioner client's account.
+func answer(ctx context.Context, conn *net.UnixConn, uid uint32, w Writer, say func(string)) {
+	var req Request
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(conn, MaxRequest))
+	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
+	if err := dec.Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		// Answered even when the deadline to say it passed: the deadline covered the write too.
+		_ = conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(refusedWithin))
+		reply(conn, Refusal("", "the request could not be read, so nothing was written: "+err.Error()), say)
+		return
+	}
+	// The write waits for the apply's lock as long as an apply takes, and the client waits with it.
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
+	a := w.Write(ctx, uid, req)
+	switch {
+	case a.Refused != "":
+		say(fmt.Sprintf("a write of %s from user id %d was refused: %s", req.Path, uid, a.Refused))
+	case a.Failed != "":
+		say(fmt.Sprintf("a write of %s from user id %d failed: %s", req.Path, uid, a.Failed))
+	default:
+		say(fmt.Sprintf("wrote %s for the provisioner's client (user id %d): %s, %s", req.Path, uid, a.Action,
+			a.Digest))
+	}
+	_ = conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(within))
+	reply(conn, a, say)
+}
+
+// busy answers the client's connection over atOnce: its request read and dropped first, briefly, so the client reads
+// the answer rather than a broken pipe — while no more than busyWaiting such refusals wait at once; over that, at once.
+func busy(conn *net.UnixConn, readBy time.Time, busyWaiting chan struct{}, say func(string)) {
+	select {
+	case busyWaiting <- struct{}{}:
+		by := time.Now().Add(refusedWithin)
+		if readBy.Before(by) {
+			by = readBy
+		}
+		_ = conn.SetReadDeadline(by)
+		drain(conn)
+		<-busyWaiting
+	default:
+	}
+	_ = conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(refusedWithin))
+	reply(conn, Refusal("", "busy: other writes are being served; ask again"), say)
+}
+
+// drain reads and drops a request up to its end — the newline after it, the end of the stream or the deadline —
+// and at most MaxRequest bytes, keeping none of it.
+func drain(r io.Reader) {
+	var buf [4096]byte
+	for read := 0; read < MaxRequest; {
+		n, err := r.Read(buf[:])
+		read += n
+		if bytes.IndexByte(buf[:n], '\n') >= 0 || err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func reply(conn *net.UnixConn, a Answer, say func(string)) {
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(a); err != nil {
+		say("a filled file's answer could not be written back: " + err.Error())
+	}
+}

internal/filling/filling_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+package filling
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/novox/mesh-host/internal/declaration"
+)
+
+// Defends novox/hq ADR 0349 §4 (issue 668): the node-engine writes a filled file on request only for the provisioner
+// client's account, only for a clean path the current declaration names as filled, and one at a time with the apply.
+
+const provisionerUID = 4242
+
+func declared(t *testing.T, raw string) *declaration.Declaration {
+	t.Helper()
+	d, err := declaration.Parse([]byte(raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+const withAccount = `{"declaration":1,"provisioner_account":"mesh-node-provisioner","filled_files":["/etc/m/m.conf"],
+  "resources":[{"id":"m.conf","type":"file","path":"/etc/m/m.conf","content":"x","owner-at-runtime":"owned"},
+  {"id":"m.other","type":"file","path":"/etc/m/other.conf","content":"y"}]}`
+
+const withoutAccount = `{"declaration":1,"filled_files":["/etc/m/m.conf"],
+  "resources":[{"id":"m.conf","type":"file","path":"/etc/m/m.conf","content":"x","owner-at-runtime":"owned"}]}`
+
+// engine is an Engine over a fixed declaration, recording what it was asked to place.
+type engine struct {
+	Engine
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	placed []string
+}
+
+func newEngine(t *testing.T, raw string, lock sync.Locker) *engine {
+	d := declared(t, raw)
+	e := &engine{}
+	e.Engine = Engine{
+		Declared: func() (*declaration.Declaration, error) { return d, nil },
+		UIDOf: func(name string) (uint32, error) {
+			if name == "mesh-node-provisioner" {
+				return provisionerUID, nil
+			}
+			return 0, errors.New("no such account")
+		},
+		Lock: func() (func(), error) { lock.Lock(); return lock.Unlock, nil },
+		Place: func(_ context.Context, _ *declaration.Declaration, path string, content []byte) (string, string, error) {
+			e.mu.Lock()
+			defer e.mu.Unlock()
+			e.placed = append(e.placed, path)
+			return "updated", "digest", nil
+		},
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+func TestAWriteFromTheProvisionersAccountOfAFilledPathIsPlaced(t *testing.T) {
+	e := newEngine(t, withAccount, &sync.Mutex{})
+	if err := e.Accepts(provisionerUID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	a := e.Write(context.Background(), provisionerUID, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("x")})
+	if a.Refused != "" || a.Failed != "" || a.Action != "updated" || len(e.placed) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("answer %+v, placed %v", a, e.placed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnUndeclaredPathIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	e := newEngine(t, withAccount, &sync.Mutex{})
+	for _, path := range []string{"/etc/m/other.conf", "/etc/m/none.conf", "/etc/passwd"} {
+		a := e.Write(context.Background(), provisionerUID, Request{Path: path, Content: []byte("evil")})
+		if a.Refused == "" || !strings.Contains(a.Refused, "not a file this node's declaration names as filled") {
+			t.Errorf("%s: %+v", path, a)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(e.placed) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("placed %v", e.placed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnotherAccountIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	e := newEngine(t, withAccount, &sync.Mutex{})
+	for _, uid := range []uint32{0, 1000, provisionerUID + 1} {
+		if err := e.Accepts(uid); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("user id %d was accepted", uid)
+		}
+		a := e.Write(context.Background(), uid, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("evil")})
+		if a.Refused == "" || !strings.Contains(a.Refused, "is not the provisioner client's account") {
+			t.Errorf("user id %d: %+v", uid, a)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(e.placed) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("placed %v", e.placed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEveryWriteIsRefusedWhileTheDeclarationNamesNoAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	e := newEngine(t, withoutAccount, &sync.Mutex{})
+	if err := e.Accepts(provisionerUID); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "names no provisioner") {
+		t.Errorf("accepted with no account named: %v", err)
+	}
+	a := e.Write(context.Background(), provisionerUID, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("x")})
+	if a.Refused == "" || len(e.placed) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("written with no account named: %+v", a)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnAccountThatIsRootHereIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	e := newEngine(t, withAccount, &sync.Mutex{})
+	e.UIDOf = func(string) (uint32, error) { return 0, nil }
+	if err := e.Accepts(0); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "root") {
+		t.Errorf("an account that is root here was accepted: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnUncleanPathIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	e := newEngine(t, withAccount, &sync.Mutex{})
+	for _, path := range []string{"", "etc/m/m.conf", "m.conf", "/etc//m/m.conf", "/etc/m/../m/m.conf",
+		"/etc/m/./m.conf", "/etc/m/m.conf/"} {
+		a := e.Write(context.Background(), provisionerUID, Request{Path: path, Content: []byte("x")})
+		if a.Refused == "" {
+			t.Errorf("%q was not refused: %+v", path, a)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(e.placed) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("placed %v", e.placed)
+	}
+}
+
+// A write waits for an apply holding the apply's lock, and writes only once it is let go.
+func TestAWriteWaitsForTheApply(t *testing.T) {
+	var applying sync.Mutex
+	e := newEngine(t, withAccount, &applying)
+	applying.Lock()
+	done := make(chan Answer)
+	go func() {
+		done <- e.Write(context.Background(), provisionerUID, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("x")})
+	}()
+	select {
+	case a := <-done:
+		t.Fatalf("written while the apply held the lock: %+v", a)
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	n := len(e.placed)
+	e.mu.Unlock()
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("placed while the apply held the lock")
+	}
+	applying.Unlock()
+	if a := <-done; a.Action != "updated" {
+		t.Fatalf("after the apply: %+v", a)
+	}
+}
+
+// fixed is a Writer that accepts one user id and answers every write.
+type fixed struct {
+	uid    uint32
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	writes []Request
+}
+
+func (f *fixed) Accepts(uid uint32) error {
+	if uid != f.uid {
+		return errors.New("not the provisioner client's account")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fixed) Write(_ context.Context, _ uint32, req Request) Answer {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.writes = append(f.writes, req)
+	return Answer{Path: req.Path, Action: "updated", Digest: "d"}
+}
+
+// serve serves w on a socket in a fresh directory and returns its path, and what was said.
+func serve(t *testing.T, w Writer) (string, func() []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "fill")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	socket := filepath.Join(dir, "fill.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var said []string
+	stopped := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		stopped <- Serve(ctx, socket, w, func(s string) { mu.Lock(); said = append(said, s); mu.Unlock() })
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cancel()
+		if err := <-stopped; err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	})
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(socket); err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return socket, func() []string { mu.Lock(); defer mu.Unlock(); return append([]string(nil), said...) }
+}
+
+func ask(t *testing.T, socket string, req Request) Answer {
+	t.Helper()
+	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	// Bounded: a socket that never answers fails the test instead of hanging it.
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(req); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var a Answer
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&a); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+// Over a real socket, the kernel says who is asking: this test's own account is the provisioner's here.
+func TestTheSocketWritesForTheAccountTheKernelSays(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid())}
+	socket, said := serve(t, w)
+	a := ask(t, socket, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("secret value")})
+	if a.Refused != "" || a.Action != "updated" || len(w.writes) != 1 || string(w.writes[0].Content) != "secret value" {
+		t.Fatalf("answer %+v, writes %+v", a, w.writes)
+	}
+	for _, line := range said() {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "secret value") {
+			t.Errorf("the content was said: %q", line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTheSocketRefusesAnotherAccountBeforeReadingItsRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid()) + 1}
+	socket, said := serve(t, w)
+	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	// Closed at once, its request never read: the write may meet a closed socket, and the refusal is there to read.
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("secret value")})
+	var a Answer
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&a); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if a.Refused == "" || len(w.writes) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("another account was written for: %+v", a)
+	}
+	for _, line := range said() {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "secret value") {
+			t.Errorf("the content was said: %q", line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// floodersAreAnother has the kernel's word say another account for every connection a test binds to a name holding
+// "flood": the test runs as one account, and the socket must tell the client from everyone else.
+func floodersAreAnother(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	was := peerOf
+	peerOf = func(conn *net.UnixConn) (uint32, int32, error) {
+		uid, pid, err := was(conn)
+		if a, ok := conn.RemoteAddr().(*net.UnixAddr); ok && a != nil && strings.Contains(a.Name, "flood") {
+			uid++
+		}
+		return uid, pid, err
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { peerOf = was })
+}
+
+// A flood of connections from another account, each saying nothing and held open, does not stop the client's write:
+// each is refused and closed before it holds anything.
+func TestAFloodFromAnotherAccountDoesNotStopTheClient(t *testing.T) {
+	floodersAreAnother(t)
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid())}
+	socket, _ := serve(t, w)
+	from := t.TempDir()
+	var flood []*net.UnixConn
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		for _, c := range flood {
+			c.Close()
+		}
+	})
+	for i := 0; i < 3*atOnce+busyWaitingCap(); i++ {
+		c, err := net.DialUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Name: filepath.Join(from, fmt.Sprintf("flood-%d", i)), Net: "unix"},
+			&net.UnixAddr{Name: socket, Net: "unix"})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		flood = append(flood, c)
+	}
+	start := time.Now()
+	a := ask(t, socket, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("x")})
+	if a.Refused != "" || a.Action != "updated" {
+		t.Fatalf("the client's write during a flood: %+v", a)
+	}
+	if took := time.Since(start); took > refusedWithin/2 {
+		t.Errorf("the client's write waited %s behind the flood", took)
+	}
+	// And every flooder was closed: it reads its refusal and then the end.
+	for _, c := range flood {
+		_ = c.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second))
+		var got Answer
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(c).Decode(&got); err != nil || got.Refused == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("a flooder was not refused at once: %+v %v", got, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func busyWaitingCap() int { return busyWaitingAtOnce }
+
+// A client that connects and says nothing holds one slot only until within, and another write goes on meanwhile.
+func TestASilentClientDoesNotHoldTheSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	was := within
+	within = 300 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { within = was })
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid())}
+	socket, _ := serve(t, w)
+	silent, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer silent.Close()
+	if a := ask(t, socket, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("x")}); a.Action != "updated" {
+		t.Fatalf("a write beside a silent client: %+v", a)
+	}
+	_ = silent.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+	var got Answer
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(silent).Decode(&got); err != nil || got.Refused == "" {
+		t.Errorf("the silent client was not let go after within: %+v %v", got, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A request carrying more than the path and the content is refused: it says what the declaration says.
+func TestARequestWithAnUnknownFieldIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid())}
+	socket, _ := serve(t, w)
+	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if _, err := conn.Write([]byte(`{"path":"/etc/m/m.conf","content":"eA==","mode":"0777"}` + "\n")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var a Answer
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&a); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if a.Refused == "" || !strings.Contains(a.Refused, "mode") || len(w.writes) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("a request with an unknown field: %+v, writes %v", a, w.writes)
+	}
+}
+
+// An accept that fails is said, waited for and tried again: the socket goes on serving.
+func TestTheSocketGoesOnAfterAnAcceptFails(t *testing.T) {
+	wasAccept, wasBackoff := acceptFrom, acceptBackoff
+	failures := 3
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	acceptFrom = func(l *net.UnixListener) (*net.UnixConn, error) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		if failures > 0 {
+			failures--
+			return nil, errors.New("accept: too many open files")
+		}
+		return l.AcceptUnix()
+	}
+	acceptBackoff = time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { acceptFrom, acceptBackoff = wasAccept, wasBackoff })
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid())}
+	socket, said := serve(t, w)
+	if a := ask(t, socket, Request{Path: "/etc/m/m.conf", Content: []byte("x")}); a.Action != "updated" {
+		t.Fatalf("after failed accepts: %+v", a)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.Join(said(), "\n"), "too many open files") {
+		t.Errorf("the failed accepts were not said: %v", said())
+	}
+}
+
+// The socket's directory is given the mode the socket needs, as mesh-cli's is.
+func TestTheSocketsDirectoryIsOpenedToEveryAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "fill")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	if err := os.Chmod(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	stopped := make(chan error)
+	go func() { stopped <- Serve(ctx, filepath.Join(dir, "fill.sock"), &fixed{}, nil) }()
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "fill.sock")); err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	if err := <-stopped; err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	info, err := os.Stat(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode().Perm() != 0o755 {
+		t.Errorf("the socket's directory is %o", info.Mode().Perm())
+	}
+}
+
+// The first refusal of each kind for each account is said at once; what follows within the time is counted, and the
+// count is said when the time is up, even when the account has stopped.
+func TestRefusalsAreSaidOnceAndTheirCountIsNeverLost(t *testing.T) {
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var said []string
+	r := &refusalWords{say: func(s string) { mu.Lock(); said = append(said, s); mu.Unlock() }}
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		r.said(1000, "account", "not the provisioner client's account")
+	}
+	// Another kind from the same account is said at once, not hidden behind the first.
+	r.said(1000, "namespace", "another namespace")
+	if len(said) != 2 || !strings.Contains(said[0], "(account)") || !strings.Contains(said[1], "(namespace)") {
+		t.Fatalf("said at once: %q", said)
+	}
+	// The account stops; the time is up; the two counted are said.
+	r.flush()
+	if len(said) != 3 || !strings.Contains(said[2], "2 more") || !strings.Contains(said[2], "user id 1000") {
+		t.Fatalf("after the time: %q", said)
+	}
+	// And the next refusal is said at once again.
+	r.said(1000, "account", "not the provisioner client's account")
+	if len(said) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("after the count was said: %q", said)
+	}
+}
+
+// refusingSocket serves a socket that refuses this test's account, with counted refusals said every every. It returns
+// how to be refused n times, everything said so far, and how to stop it.
+func refusingSocket(t *testing.T, every time.Duration) (func(int), func() string, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	was := refusalsSaidEvery
+	refusalsSaidEvery = every
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "fill")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	socket := filepath.Join(dir, "fill.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var said []string
+	all := func() string { mu.Lock(); defer mu.Unlock(); return strings.Join(said, "\n") }
+	stopped := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		stopped <- Serve(ctx, socket, &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid()) + 1},
+			func(s string) { mu.Lock(); said = append(said, s); mu.Unlock() })
+	}()
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(socket); err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	refuse := func(n int) {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+			var a Answer
+			_ = json.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&a)
+			conn.Close()
+		}
+	}
+	var once sync.Once
+	stop := func() {
+		once.Do(func() {
+			cancel()
+			if err := <-stopped; err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+			refusalsSaidEvery = was
+			os.RemoveAll(dir)
+		})
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(stop)
+	return refuse, all, stop
+}
+
+// Refusals counted while the socket serves are said on its timer, though the account has stopped asking.
+func TestTheSocketSaysItsCountedRefusalsOnATimer(t *testing.T) {
+	refuse, all, _ := refusingSocket(t, 200*time.Millisecond)
+	refuse(3)
+	// "more writes", not a number: a tick may fall between two refusals and split the count.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	for !strings.Contains(all(), "more writes") && time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(all(), "more writes") {
+		t.Fatalf("the counted refusals were not said on the timer: %s", all())
+	}
+}
+
+// Refusals counted when the socket stops are said as it stops.
+func TestTheSocketSaysItsCountedRefusalsWhenItStops(t *testing.T) {
+	refuse, all, stop := refusingSocket(t, time.Hour)
+	refuse(5)
+	if strings.Contains(all(), "4 more") {
+		t.Fatalf("said before the socket stopped: %s", all())
+	}
+	stop()
+	if !strings.Contains(all(), "4 more") {
+		t.Errorf("the refusals counted when the socket stopped were lost: %s", all())
+	}
+}
+
+// A connection over the bound of those waiting to be judged is closed unread, and said.
+func TestAConnectionOverTheWaitingBoundIsClosedUnread(t *testing.T) {
+	was := judgeWaiting
+	judgeWaiting = 0
+	t.Cleanup(func() { judgeWaiting = was })
+	w := &fixed{uid: uint32(os.Getuid())}
+	socket, said := serve(t, w)
+	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", socket)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	var a Answer
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&a); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("answered over the bound: %+v", a)
+	}
+	if len(w.writes) != 0 || !strings.Contains(strings.Join(said(), "\n"), "(overflow)") {
+		t.Errorf("writes %v, said %q", w.writes, said())
+	}
+}

internal/link/messages.go

@@ -295,6 +295,19 @@ const OwnGroupContract = 7
 // for it.
 const BusyContract = 8
 
+// OwnershipContract is the statement of a host that also reads a file's `owner-at-runtime` and a declaration's
+// `filled_files` (novox/hq ADR 0349 §5): it writes an owned file back on drift, a seed once and a managed file's
+// keys or block only, exactly as their old forms, and refuses a filled path that is not a declared file saying
+// its owner. Like the fields before it, its presence is what tells the controller this host may be sent those
+// fields; an older host refuses the whole declaration for them.
+const OwnershipContract = 9
+
+// ProvisionerContract is the statement of a host that also reads a declaration's `provisioner_account` (novox/hq ADR
+// 0349 §4) and serves the local write socket: it accepts a write of a filled file from that account alone. Its
+// presence is what tells the controller this host may be sent the field; an older host refuses the whole
+// declaration for it.
+const ProvisionerContract = 10
+
 // Health is one statement of every long-running resource's state on this machine (to-be 48 §4). Said in
 // every report, as an event on each change, and again every minute while anything is not healthy — so a
 // lost statement is not a lost fault.

internal/meshcli/peer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package meshcli
+
+import "net"
+
+// The kernel's word on who is at the other end of a socket, shared with the node-engine's other local socket, the
+// write of a filled file (internal/filling, novox/hq ADR 0349 §4): one reading of it, so the two never judge a peer
+// differently.
+
+// PeerCredentials is the user id and process id of the process at the other end, as the kernel recorded them when
+// it connected (SO_PEERCRED). Nothing the process says is read.
+func PeerCredentials(conn *net.UnixConn) (uint32, int32, error) { return peerCredentials(conn) }
+
+// SameNamespaces refuses a process whose mount or user namespace is not the engine's: a user id is this machine's
+// account only in this machine's namespaces.
+func SameNamespaces(pid int32) error { return namespacesOf(pid) }
+
+// NotOwnDirectory says what is wrong with a socket's directory, or nothing: it must be a directory, not a link,
+// owned by the account the engine runs as.
+func NotOwnDirectory(dir string) string { return notOwnDirectory(dir) }

validate/validate_test.go

@@ -18,7 +18,20 @@ func TestTheValidatorIsTheHosts(t *testing.T) {
 	if problems := Declaration([]byte(ordered)); problems != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("a declaration carrying its order was refused: %v", problems)
 	}
+	// And one carrying a file's owner-at-runtime and the files the provisioner fills (novox/hq ADR 0349 §5): the
+	// reader takes them before any controller sends them.
+	owned := `{"declaration": 1, "filled_files": ["/etc/x"], "resources": [{"id": "f", "type": "file", "path": "/etc/x", "content": "a", "owner-at-runtime": "owned"}]}`
+	if problems := Declaration([]byte(owned)); problems != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a declaration saying who owns a file at runtime was refused: %v", problems)
+	}
+	// And one naming the provisioner client's account (novox/hq ADR 0349 §4).
+	named := `{"declaration": 1, "provisioner_account": "mesh-node-provisioner", "filled_files": ["/etc/x"], "resources": [{"id": "f", "type": "file", "path": "/etc/x", "content": "a", "owner-at-runtime": "owned"}]}`
+	if problems := Declaration([]byte(named)); problems != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a declaration naming the provisioner client's account was refused: %v", problems)
+	}
 	for _, bad := range []string{
+		`{"declaration": 1, "provisioner_account": "root", "resources": [{"id": "f", "type": "file", "path": "/etc/x", "content": "a"}]}`,
+		`{"declaration": 1, "filled_files": ["/etc/none"], "resources": [{"id": "f", "type": "file", "path": "/etc/x", "content": "a", "owner-at-runtime": "owned"}]}`,
 		`{"declaration": 1, "resources": []}`,
 		`{"declaration": 99, "resources": [{"id": "d", "type": "directory", "path": "/x"}]}`,
 		`{"declaration": 1, "resources": [{"id": "d", "type": "nothing-the-host-knows"}]}`,