mesh-host/internal/link/handover.go

package link

import (
	"crypto/ed25519"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

// A hand-over asked over the bus (novox/hq issue 356, issue 339).
//
// A directory used as found is handed to the mesh by its operator, at the controller's terminal:
// `nox node hand-over <node> <path>` on the control-node (novox/hq ADR 0272). The controller asks this
// node's engine on AskHandOverSubject, a request on core NATS, and the engine answers once, on the reply
// the request carried.
//
// **The subject proves nothing; the signature does** (review of issue 356). Only the controller is granted
// a publish on the subject, but the bus lets any principal allowed to answer reply to a message it received,
// on whatever reply subject that message named — a tool server asked on its own subject with this reply
// would deliver a body of its choosing here. So the controller signs the ask with the mesh's key, over
// HandOverContext and the ask's bytes, and the engine verifies it with the key it verifies declarations with
// before it reads anything out of it; then it holds the ask to this node, to its expiry, and to a nonce it
// takes once. Then it judges every value and records the hand-over, or refuses and records nothing; the next
// apply gives the directory its declared owner and mode. The controller holds the same shapes in its own link
// code, with a test on each side holding the field names.

// AskHandOverSubject is where the controller asks this node's engine to take a directory used as found as
// the mesh's.
func AskHandOverSubject(node string) string { return "mesh.node." + node + ".ask.hand-over" }

// HandOverAsk is one hand-over asked: the node it is for, the directory's absolute path as the engine states
// it, who asked in the controller's words, when it stops being good, and a nonce taken once.
type HandOverAsk struct {
	Node    string    `json:"node"`
	Path    string    `json:"path"`
	By      string    `json:"by"`
	Expires time.Time `json:"expires"`
	Nonce   string    `json:"nonce"`
}

// SignedHandOver is the ask as it travels: its bytes exactly as signed, and the mesh's signature.
type SignedHandOver struct {
	Ask       []byte `json:"ask"`
	Signature []byte `json:"signature"`
}

// HandOverContext is prefixed to an ask's bytes before signing: a hand-over's signature is never a
// declaration's, which the same key makes over a declaration's bytes alone.
const HandOverContext = "novox-mesh hand-over v1\n"

// HandOverGood is how long the controller makes an ask good for; HandOverSkew is how far the machines' clocks
// may differ. An ask whose expiry is further ahead than both together is refused: it would be good too long.
const (
	HandOverGood = time.Minute
	HandOverSkew = time.Minute
)

// HandOverAnswer is the engine's answer: what it recorded, or why it refused — never both, never neither.
type HandOverAnswer struct {
	Said    string `json:"said,omitempty"`
	Refused string `json:"refused,omitempty"`
}

// HandOverFunc judges and records one hand-over: the words to answer with, or the refusal.
type HandOverFunc func(path, by string) (string, error)

// MaxHandOverAsk bounds a request: a path, a name, a time, a nonce and a signature are hundreds of bytes.
const MaxHandOverAsk = 8 << 10

// MaxHandOverBy bounds who asked.
const MaxHandOverBy = 200

// HandOverCheck is what an ask is held to: the mesh's key, this node's name, the clock, and the nonces taken.
type HandOverCheck struct {
	Signer ed25519.PublicKey
	Node   string
	Now    func() time.Time
	Nonces *Nonces
}

// Nonces are the nonces of asks taken, each kept until its ask expires: an ask is taken once. Kept in memory —
// an ask outlives no restart by more than its minute, and taking one again records the same hand-over again.
type Nonces struct {
	mu   sync.Mutex
	seen map[string]time.Time
}

// take records a nonce until its expiry, and says false when it was already taken.
func (n *Nonces) take(nonce string, expires, now time.Time) bool {
	n.mu.Lock()
	defer n.mu.Unlock()
	if n.seen == nil {
		n.seen = map[string]time.Time{}
	}
	for k, until := range n.seen {
		if now.After(until) {
			delete(n.seen, k)
		}
	}
	if _, taken := n.seen[nonce]; taken {
		return false
	}
	n.seen[nonce] = expires
	return true
}

// HandOverNonces are this process's: every link it opens takes from the same set, so a reconnect is no replay.
var HandOverNonces = &Nonces{}

func refusedAsk(why string) HandOverAnswer {
	return HandOverAnswer{Refused: why + "; nothing was handed over"}
}

// AnswerHandOver is the engine's judgement of one ask's bytes: the signature first, then this node, the expiry
// and the nonce, then every value — and only then the handler, given only what passed. A refusal records nothing.
func AnswerHandOver(check HandOverCheck, handle HandOverFunc, body []byte) HandOverAnswer {
	if handle == nil {
		return refusedAsk("this engine takes no hand-over")
	}
	ask, refused := believed(check, HandOverContext, true, body)
	if refused != "" {
		return refusedAsk(refused)
	}
	said, err := handle(ask.Path, ask.By)
	if err != nil {
		return HandOverAnswer{Refused: err.Error()}
	}
	return HandOverAnswer{Said: said}
}

// believed is an ask's bytes held to what every signed ask is: signed by the mesh over context and its bytes,
// for this node, unexpired and good no longer than an ask may be, with a nonce of its own taken once here, and
// one short line naming who asked, and a path when withPath and none otherwise. The nonce is taken last, after
// every other check passed. It answers the ask with who asked trimmed, or why it is refused.
func believed(check HandOverCheck, context string, withPath bool, body []byte) (HandOverAsk, string) {
	ask, _, refused := believedBytes(check, context, withPath, body)
	return ask, refused
}

// believedBytes is believed with the ask's bytes as signed, for an ask that carries more than a hand-over's
// fields: read out of them only once they are believed.
func believedBytes(check HandOverCheck, context string, withPath bool, body []byte) (HandOverAsk, []byte, string) {
	if len(body) > MaxHandOverAsk {
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, fmt.Sprintf("the ask is %d bytes, more than an ask", len(body))
	}
	var signed SignedHandOver
	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &signed); err != nil {
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask is not a signed ask: " + err.Error()
	}
	if len(check.Signer) != ed25519.PublicKeySize ||
		!ed25519.Verify(check.Signer, append([]byte(context), signed.Ask...), signed.Signature) {
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask is not signed by the mesh"
	}
	var ask HandOverAsk
	if err := json.Unmarshal(signed.Ask, &ask); err != nil {
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the signed ask is not an ask: " + err.Error()
	}
	now := time.Now()
	if check.Now != nil {
		now = check.Now()
	}
	nonces := check.Nonces
	if nonces == nil {
		nonces = HandOverNonces
	}
	ask.By = strings.TrimSpace(ask.By)
	nonce, nonceErr := hex.DecodeString(ask.Nonce)
	switch {
	case check.Node == "" || ask.Node != check.Node:
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, fmt.Sprintf("the ask is for %q, and this is %q", ask.Node, check.Node)
	case ask.Expires.IsZero() || !now.Before(ask.Expires):
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask has expired"
	case ask.Expires.After(now.Add(HandOverGood + HandOverSkew)):
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask is good for longer than an ask may be"
	case nonceErr != nil || len(nonce) < 16:
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask carries no nonce of its own"
	case ask.By == "":
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask names nobody as asking"
	case len(ask.By) > MaxHandOverBy || strings.ContainsAny(ask.By, "\r\n\x00"):
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "who asked is not one short line"
	case withPath && ask.Path == "":
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask names no directory"
	case !withPath && ask.Path != "":
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask names a path, and this ask takes none"
	case !nonces.take(ask.Nonce, ask.Expires, now):
		return HandOverAsk{}, nil, "the ask was taken already"
	}
	return ask, signed.Ask, ""
}

// HandOverReply is what a hand-over request is answered with, and whether to answer: a request with no reply
// subject is nobody's question, so nothing is judged, recorded or said.
func HandOverReply(check HandOverCheck, handle HandOverFunc, reply string, body []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
	if reply == "" {
		return nil, false
	}
	answer, err := json.Marshal(AnswerHandOver(check, handle, body))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, false
	}
	return answer, true
}

// HandOvers is a link that hears the controller asking this node to hand a directory over. Optional, as
// Asked is.
type HandOvers interface {
	HearHandOvers(HandOverFunc)
}

// A search for setuid programs asked over the bus (novox/hq issue 361).
//
// The operator who changed by hand what the last search found — removed a setuid-root copy no package owns —
// asks for a fresh one at the controller's terminal: `nox node setuid-search <node>` on the control-node. The
// controller asks this node's engine on AskSetuidSearchSubject, signed as a hand-over is and held to the same
// checks (believed), under a signing context of its own so neither ask's signature is the other's. The engine
// throws away the last search and starts a full one; it never names a path in its answer.
//
// **At the terminal alone, never a verb** (decided in issue 361): a search can never make a machine free
// wrongly — it judges only once complete — but one asked again and again would keep the machine unjudged and
// its disks busy, and whoever may call a verb includes agents.

// AskSetuidSearchSubject is where the controller asks this node's engine for a fresh search.
func AskSetuidSearchSubject(node string) string { return "mesh.node." + node + ".ask.setuid-search" }

// SetuidSearchContext is prefixed to a search ask's bytes before signing: never a hand-over's, nor a
// declaration's.
const SetuidSearchContext = "novox-mesh setuid-search v1\n"

// SetuidSearchFunc throws away the last search and starts a full one, asked by by: the words to answer with.
type SetuidSearchFunc func(by string) (string, error)

func refusedSearch(why string) HandOverAnswer {
	return HandOverAnswer{Refused: why + "; no search was started"}
}

// AnswerSetuidSearch is the engine's judgement of one search ask's bytes: believed as a hand-over is, a path
// refused, and only then the handler.
func AnswerSetuidSearch(check HandOverCheck, handle SetuidSearchFunc, body []byte) HandOverAnswer {
	if handle == nil {
		return refusedSearch("this engine searches for setuid programs on no ask")
	}
	ask, refused := believed(check, SetuidSearchContext, false, body)
	if refused != "" {
		return refusedSearch(refused)
	}
	said, err := handle(ask.By)
	if err != nil {
		return refusedSearch(err.Error())
	}
	return HandOverAnswer{Said: said}
}

// SetuidSearchReply is what a search request is answered with, and whether to answer, as HandOverReply.
func SetuidSearchReply(check HandOverCheck, handle SetuidSearchFunc, reply string, body []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
	if reply == "" {
		return nil, false
	}
	answer, err := json.Marshal(AnswerSetuidSearch(check, handle, body))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, false
	}
	return answer, true
}

// SetuidSearches is a link that hears the controller asking this node for a fresh search. Optional.
type SetuidSearches interface {
	HearSetuidSearches(SetuidSearchFunc)
}

// A judgement of this node's directories asked over the bus (novox/hq issue 358).
//
// Before the node-engine gives a mesh directory its mode and owner only through a walk that follows no link
// another account could make, the operator is told which directories that walk would refuse on each node. The
// controller asks this node's engine on AskJudgeDirectoriesSubject, signed as a hand-over is and held to the
// same checks (believed), under a signing context of its own. The engine judges every directory of the
// declaration it keeps, read-only — nothing is made, chmodded or chowned — and answers one line per directory.

// AskJudgeDirectoriesSubject is where the controller asks this node's engine to judge its directories.
func AskJudgeDirectoriesSubject(node string) string {
	return "mesh.node." + node + ".ask.judge-directories"
}

// JudgeDirectoriesContext is prefixed to a judgement ask's bytes before signing: never another ask's, nor a
// declaration's.
const JudgeDirectoriesContext = "novox-mesh judge-directories v1\n"

// JudgeDirectoriesFunc judges this node's declared directories, read-only, asked by by: the words to answer with.
type JudgeDirectoriesFunc func(by string) (string, error)

func refusedJudgement(why string) HandOverAnswer {
	return HandOverAnswer{Refused: why + "; nothing was judged"}
}

// AnswerJudgeDirectories is the engine's judgement of one ask's bytes: believed as a hand-over is, a path refused,
// and only then the handler.
func AnswerJudgeDirectories(check HandOverCheck, handle JudgeDirectoriesFunc, body []byte) HandOverAnswer {
	if handle == nil {
		return refusedJudgement("this engine judges no directory on an ask")
	}
	ask, refused := believed(check, JudgeDirectoriesContext, false, body)
	if refused != "" {
		return refusedJudgement(refused)
	}
	said, err := handle(ask.By)
	if err != nil {
		return refusedJudgement(err.Error())
	}
	return HandOverAnswer{Said: said}
}

// JudgeDirectoriesReply is what a judgement request is answered with, and whether to answer, as HandOverReply.
func JudgeDirectoriesReply(check HandOverCheck, handle JudgeDirectoriesFunc, reply string, body []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
	if reply == "" {
		return nil, false
	}
	answer, err := json.Marshal(AnswerJudgeDirectories(check, handle, body))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, false
	}
	return answer, true
}

// DirectoryJudgements is a link that hears the controller asking this node to judge its directories. Optional.
type DirectoryJudgements interface {
	HearDirectoryJudgements(JudgeDirectoriesFunc)
}

// The take act on an accessed folder, asked over the bus (novox/hq ADR 0325 §8, issue 567).
//
// A folder that already holds data is kept only on the operator's word: the access waits (§7), the controller asks
// the operator once for that folder on that machine (ADR 0259), and on the approved warrant asks this node's engine
// on AskAccessActSubject, signed as a hand-over is and held to the same checks (believed), under a signing context
// of its own, naming the act, the access, its folder as the engine states it, and the warrant. The engine judges
// every value against what it was last declared and what is on disk, answers at once that the act started or why
// it is refused, adds the users' entries to everything under the folder (following no link, entering no other
// filesystem), and states the act on the access's verdict (Act). Adding or dropping a user of a folder already
// taken asks nobody: the engine does it on the apply that declares it.

// AskAccessActSubject is where the controller asks this node's engine to run an act on one access's folder.
func AskAccessActSubject(node string) string { return "mesh.node." + node + ".ask.access-act" }

// AccessActContext is prefixed to an act ask's bytes before signing: never another ask's, nor a declaration's.
const AccessActContext = "novox-mesh access-act v2\n"

// The walks under an accessed folder. Only ActTake is asked; ActAdd and ActDrop are what an apply starts.
const (
	// ActTake adds the users' entries to the folder and everything under it, on a warrant (ADR 0325 §8).
	ActTake = "take"
	// ActAdd adds the entries of a user that joined a taken folder; ActDrop removes exactly a dropped user's.
	ActAdd  = "add"
	ActDrop = "drop"
)

// AccessActAsk is an act's own fields, beside a hand-over's (node, path, by, expires, nonce): which act, the
// access by its resource id, and the warrant the operator approved.
type AccessActAsk struct {
	Act     string `json:"act"`
	Access  string `json:"access"`
	Warrant string `json:"warrant"`
}

// AccessAct is one act asked and believed, as the handler is given it.
type AccessAct struct {
	Act, Access, Path, Warrant, By string
}

// MaxActField bounds an access id and a warrant id.
const MaxActField = 200

// AccessActFunc judges and runs one act: the words to answer with, or the refusal.
type AccessActFunc func(AccessAct) (string, error)

func refusedAct(why string) HandOverAnswer {
	return HandOverAnswer{Refused: why + "; nothing was changed"}
}

// AnswerAccessAct is the engine's judgement of one act ask's bytes: believed as a hand-over is, then the act, the
// access and the warrant — **nothing is done without a warrant** — and only then the handler.
func AnswerAccessAct(check HandOverCheck, handle AccessActFunc, body []byte) HandOverAnswer {
	if handle == nil {
		return refusedAct("this engine runs no act on an accessed folder")
	}
	ask, signed, refused := believedBytes(check, AccessActContext, true, body)
	if refused != "" {
		return refusedAct(refused)
	}
	var act AccessActAsk
	if err := json.Unmarshal(signed, &act); err != nil {
		return refusedAct("the signed ask is not an act's ask: " + err.Error())
	}
	act.Access, act.Warrant = strings.TrimSpace(act.Access), strings.TrimSpace(act.Warrant)
	switch {
	case act.Warrant == "":
		return refusedAct("the ask names no warrant, and an act on an accessed folder runs only on one")
	case act.Access == "":
		return refusedAct("the ask names no access")
	case act.Act != ActTake:
		return refusedAct(fmt.Sprintf("the ask names the act %q, and the one act asked is %q", act.Act, ActTake))
	}
	for _, v := range []string{act.Access, act.Warrant} {
		if len(v) > MaxActField || strings.ContainsAny(v, "\r\n\x00/") {
			return refusedAct("the ask's access or warrant is not one short name")
		}
	}
	said, err := handle(AccessAct{Act: act.Act, Access: act.Access, Path: ask.Path, Warrant: act.Warrant, By: ask.By})
	if err != nil {
		return refusedAct(err.Error())
	}
	return HandOverAnswer{Said: said}
}

// AccessActReply is what an act request is answered with, and whether to answer, as HandOverReply.
func AccessActReply(check HandOverCheck, handle AccessActFunc, reply string, body []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
	if reply == "" {
		return nil, false
	}
	answer, err := json.Marshal(AnswerAccessAct(check, handle, body))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, false
	}
	return answer, true
}

// AccessActs is a link that hears the controller asking this node to run an act on an accessed folder. Optional.
type AccessActs interface {
	HearAccessActs(AccessActFunc)
}