gitea: mesh/check is the mesh's own status and never blocks; signed commits, an outdated branch and a rejected review are said as blocking the mesh's merge (issue 1945, review round 2)

A resolved issue whose delivery is held or failed is stuck, one merged and not delivered
is moving; a row the tracker did not answer, an answer that does not read and linked
issues cut by the list's limit are said as warnings instead of passing silently.

modules/desk-channel/cmd/desk-channel/desk.go

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ package main
 //     the desk says in its standing when that happened (`answers-lost-at`), and the router, which alone knows
 //     what is still open and unanswered, says that again under its handle — replacing the notification in place,
 //     so its buttons work again. Nothing resolved, silenced or cancelled comes back.
+//   - **A store that does not answer does not lose where a message is shown, while the desk runs.** A message
+//     is shown first and its notification ids kept after; when the state store does not answer then (the bus
+//     reloading its accounts, 2026-10-26 09:18: the very outage that raised the condition), the work is taken
+//     all the same and the ids are held in memory, recalled before the store, and kept at the start of the next
+//     work and at the minute's standing. Otherwise the clearing of that message finds no notification to
+//     replace and the urgent one stays on screen for good. A desk that restarts while it still holds some loses
+//     where those are shown; the log says so when they are held.
 //   - **Standing**: it can send when machines are named in its settings; which of them answered last is in its
 //     status. A message no machine took is said to the router as failed, and tried again by it.
 
@@ -93,6 +100,9 @@ type Desk struct {
 	pause     map[string]pauseSeen
 	// lost is when each machine's notifier last started again: the answers its notifications waited for are lost.
 	lost map[string]time.Time
+	// unkept is what was shown and not yet kept in the store, because it did not answer: recalled from here
+	// before the store, and kept at the next piece of work.
+	unkept map[string]Shown
 }
 
 func (d *Desk) init() {
@@ -107,6 +117,9 @@ func (d *Desk) init() {
 	if d.lost == nil {
 		d.lost = map[string]time.Time{}
 	}
+	if d.unkept == nil {
+		d.unkept = map[string]Shown{}
+	}
 	if d.Now == nil {
 		d.Now = time.Now
 	}
@@ -138,6 +151,7 @@ func (d *Desk) Take(subject string, body json.RawMessage) error {
 		d.Logf("[desk-channel] work on %s could not be read; taken and dropped", subject)
 		return nil
 	}
+	d.KeepUnkept()
 	machines := d.Machines()
 	if m.Secret {
 		// Shown only where the notifier said lately it is not paused (the review of 2026-10-09): one held back
@@ -167,12 +181,16 @@ func (d *Desk) Take(subject string, body json.RawMessage) error {
 	switch {
 	case edit:
 		var err error
-		if before, err = d.Store.Get(m.Handle); err != nil {
+		if before, err = d.recall(m.Handle); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if before == nil {
+			d.Logf("[desk-channel] an edit of %s, which nothing here records as shown: shown as a new message; "+
+				"a notification it was to replace, if any, stays", m.Handle)
+		}
 	case !m.Secret:
 		var err error
-		if before, err = d.Store.Get(m.Handle); err != nil {
+		if before, err = d.recall(m.Handle); err != nil {
 			d.Logf("[desk-channel] what is shown under this handle could not be read (%v): shown as a new message", err)
 			before = nil
 		}
@@ -218,12 +236,91 @@ func (d *Desk) Take(subject string, body json.RawMessage) error {
 		// Shown once and kept nowhere of this module's (a link's code): no edit or re-showing reaches it.
 		return nil
 	}
-	if err := d.Store.Put(m.Handle, s); err != nil {
-		d.Logf("[desk-channel] shown, and what was shown could not be kept: an edit of it will not reach it: %v", err)
-	}
+	d.keep(m.Handle, s)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// keep keeps what a handle shows in the store. When the store does not answer it is held in memory, where an
+// edit, a reminder and a click still find it, and kept later (KeepUnkept). The work is taken either way: offered
+// again it would race the message's own later edits, and a redelivery is bounded where an outage is not.
+func (d *Desk) keep(handle string, s Shown) {
+	err := d.Store.Put(handle, s)
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if err == nil {
+		delete(d.unkept, handle)
+		return
+	}
+	d.unkept[handle] = s
+	d.Logf("[desk-channel] shown, and where it is shown could not be kept yet (%v): held in memory, so its edit "+
+		"and clearing still reach it, and kept when the store answers; %d held, lost if the desk restarts first",
+		err, len(d.unkept))
+}
+
+// KeepUnkept keeps in the store what it did not answer for before: at the start of each piece of work and at
+// the minute's standing. It stops at the first write the store does not answer, so one call waits on it once.
+func (d *Desk) KeepUnkept() {
+	d.init()
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	held := make(map[string]Shown, len(d.unkept))
+	for h, s := range d.unkept {
+		held[h] = s
+	}
+	d.mu.Unlock()
+	for h, s := range held {
+		if err := d.Store.Put(h, s); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		d.mu.Lock()
+		if cur, ok := d.unkept[h]; ok && sameShown(cur, s) {
+			delete(d.unkept, h)
+		}
+		d.mu.Unlock()
+		d.Logf("[desk-channel] where %s is shown is kept now", h)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Desk) unkeptOf(handle string) (Shown, bool) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	s, ok := d.unkept[handle]
+	return s, ok
+}
+
+// recall is what a handle shows: from memory when the store did not keep it yet, else from the store.
+func (d *Desk) recall(handle string) (*Shown, error) {
+	if s, ok := d.unkeptOf(handle); ok {
+		return &s, nil
+	}
+	return d.Store.Get(handle)
+}
+
+// handles is every handle shown: the store's and those held in memory.
+func (d *Desk) handles() ([]string, error) {
+	hs, err := d.Store.Handles()
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, h := range hs {
+		seen[h] = true
+	}
+	for h := range d.unkept {
+		if !seen[h] {
+			hs = append(hs, h)
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil && len(d.unkept) == 0 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return hs, nil
+}
+
+func sameShown(a, b Shown) bool {
+	x, err1 := json.Marshal(a)
+	y, err2 := json.Marshal(b)
+	return err1 == nil && err2 == nil && string(x) == string(y)
+}
+
 // show puts one message on one machine's notifier, in place of `replace` when it names one.
 func (d *Desk) show(machine string, m asks.Message, replace int) (int, error) {
 	urgency := "normal"
@@ -308,12 +405,12 @@ func (d *Desk) Chosen(event, machine, ticket string) {
 }
 
 func (d *Desk) find(ticket string) (string, *Shown) {
-	handles, err := d.Store.Handles()
+	handles, err := d.handles()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil
 	}
 	for _, h := range handles {
-		s, err := d.Store.Get(h)
+		s, err := d.recall(h)
 		if err != nil || s == nil {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -356,9 +453,9 @@ func (d *Desk) Started(event, machine string) int {
 	d.lost[machine] = d.Now()
 	d.mu.Unlock()
 	n := 0
-	if handles, err := d.Store.Handles(); err == nil {
+	if handles, err := d.handles(); err == nil {
 		for _, h := range handles {
-			if s, err := d.Store.Get(h); err == nil && s != nil && len(s.Message.Buttons) > 0 {
+			if s, err := d.recall(h); err == nil && s != nil && len(s.Message.Buttons) > 0 {
 				if _, here := s.On[machine]; here {
 					n++
 				}
@@ -472,6 +569,7 @@ func (d *Desk) Status() map[string]any {
 			"it proves nothing about who clicked: any process of the operator's account can choose an action, so it answers acknowledgements only",
 			"an answer is taken only on a machine its message was shown on; a message with buttons stays until dismissed",
 			"what it remembers is never shown again: when a notifier started again, the answers its notifications waited for are lost; the desk says when in its standing (answers-lost-at), and the router says again what is still open and unanswered, replacing those notifications in place — nothing resolved, silenced or cancelled comes back (issue 384)",
+			"a store that does not answer does not lose where a message is shown while the desk runs: it is held in memory, its edit and clearing still replace it in place, and it is kept when the store answers again; a desk restarted before then loses where those are shown, and its log said how many it held",
 			"it can send while a named machine's notifier said lately that it is not paused; a link's code is shown only on such a machine, kept nowhere, and sent secret so the notifier keeps it out of its history",
 		}}
 	if s.Why != "" {

modules/desk-channel/cmd/desk-channel/desk_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -363,9 +364,64 @@ func TestAMessageSaidAgainUnderItsHandleReplacesItsNotification(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// downStore is a store that does not answer while down: the bus reloading its accounts (2026-10-26 09:18).
+type downStore struct {
+	memShown
+	down *bool
+}
+
+func (s downStore) Get(h string) (*Shown, error) {
+	if *s.down {
+		return nil, errors.New("nats: no responders available for request")
+	}
+	return s.memShown.Get(h)
+}
+func (s downStore) Put(h string, v Shown) error {
+	if *s.down {
+		return errors.New("nats: no responders available for request")
+	}
+	return s.memShown.Put(h, v)
+}
+
 // The review of PR 176: a replace that fails on a machine keeps that machine's notification on record, so a
-// later edit or clearing still reaches it; failing everywhere, it is said to the router as failed.
+// later edit or clearing still reaches it; failing everywhere, it is said to the router as failed. And
+// (2026-10-26 09:18, an urgent "A new build of mesh-controller cannot be delivered" left on screen for hours
+// after its clearing): a message shown while the store does not answer keeps where it is shown in memory, its
+// work is taken, its clearing replaces it in place, and it is kept once the store answers.
 func TestAFailedReplaceKeepsTheNotificationItWasToReplace(t *testing.T) {
+	// The raise, then its clearing, taken while the store does not answer; the store then stays down or comes
+	// back. Each is taken (never offered again, where a redelivered raise would follow its clearing), the
+	// clearing replaces the urgent notification in place, and the screen and the store end on the clearing.
+	for _, back := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("the store does not answer, back %v", back), func(t *testing.T) {
+			d, shown, _, store := newDesk(t, "laptop")
+			down := true
+			d.Store = downStore{store, &down}
+			raised, _ := json.Marshal(asks.Message{Handle: "m9", Title: "A new build cannot be delivered", Urgent: true})
+			if err := d.Take(asks.ChannelSubject(asks.Send, Kind), raised); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("the raise was not taken: %v", err)
+			}
+			cleared, _ := json.Marshal(asks.Message{Handle: "m9", Title: "Cleared: a new build can be delivered"})
+			if err := d.Take(asks.ChannelSubject(asks.Edit, Kind), cleared); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("the clearing was not taken: %v", err)
+			}
+			d.KeepUnkept() // the minute's standing, store still down
+			down = !back
+			d.KeepUnkept()
+			take(t, d, asks.Send, asks.Message{Handle: "m10", Title: "another"})
+			if len(*shown) != 3 || (*shown)[1].args["replace_id"] != 1 || (*shown)[1].args["summary"] != "Cleared: a new build can be delivered" {
+				t.Fatalf("the clearing did not replace the urgent notification: %+v", *shown)
+			}
+			s, kept := store["m9"]
+			if back != kept || (kept && s.Message.Title != "Cleared: a new build can be delivered") {
+				t.Fatalf("store back %v, kept %v: %+v", back, kept, store)
+			}
+			if got, _ := d.recall("m9"); got == nil || got.Message.Title != "Cleared: a new build can be delivered" {
+				t.Fatalf("recalled %+v", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
 	d, shown, said, store := newDesk(t, "laptop", "desktop")
 	take(t, d, asks.Send, asks.Message{Handle: "m1", Title: "2 failed services on shanks"})
 	first := store["m1"].On

modules/desk-channel/cmd/desk-channel/main.go

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ func run(d *Desk) {
 	}()
 	go func() {
 		for {
+			d.KeepUnkept()
 			d.SayStanding()
 			time.Sleep(time.Minute)
 		}

modules/gitea/README.md

@@ -275,6 +275,53 @@ reported no key gets no entry, and its client says it waits. Keys titled `mesh:`
 a key added by hand never is. Every consumer is made again every ten minutes and at once when a key changes.
 `go test ./cmd/forge-account-provider ./internal/forgeaccount` runs it against a fake forge.
 
+## The mesh's accounts read every repository (the operator, 2026-10-26)
+
+The tools act as the plain account `mesh-tools` (ADR 0365 §2, issue 469), which writes to the organisation `novox`
+through its team; the build modules fetch over ssh as `nox-builder` (ADR 0466 §3), in a team that reads the
+organisation's code; the machines' agents use `nox-agent` (ADR 0410 §1). Any other repository each saw only when public,
+so a private repository of a user answered every tool 404 and every build's fetch "not authorized to read". `readall.ts`
+makes each of these accounts (one list, `meshAccounts` in `tools-account.ts`, whose two Go names
+`internal/forgeaccount`'s test holds to its own constants) a collaborator that **reads only** on each repository it
+cannot read: one repository at a time, no organisation membership, the least the forge offers. An account the forge
+does not hold yet (the forge-account provider makes `nox-builder` and `nox-agent` when their first consumer asks) is
+named and asked nothing; the start's pass is run again ten minutes apart until every account was there once.
+
+- **When:** one pass over every repository of every user and organisation at the start (a forge not answering yet is
+  asked again a minute apart until one pass ran), and on the forge's system webhook: `forge.repository.created` and
+  `forge.fork` at once, and the first event of any repository this process has not seen readable (the forge may not
+  send a creation for every owner). Nothing polls for it.
+- **Not caught:** a repository made private after it was seen readable. The forge sends no event for a change of
+  visibility, and the start's pass already saw it readable, so its events ask nothing. It is granted at the module's
+  next start, or now by `gitea_grant_read`; `gitea_unreadable_repos` shows it meanwhile. A repository whose permission
+  the forge will not answer is named as refused (or, in the listing, with permission `unknown`) and the pass goes on.
+- **With what:** the site administrator's login (`MESH_GITEA_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE`), because adding a collaborator asks a
+  repository's administration, which on another user's repository only the site administrator holds. It is used for
+  five calls alone: list every repository, read one, whether an account exists, read an account's permission on one,
+  add an account as a read collaborator. The tools' own calls keep their token.
+- **Tools:** `gitea_unreadable_repos` (per account, every repository it cannot read, the permission the forge gives
+  it there and why, a count per account and the accounts the forge does not hold) and `gitea_grant_read` (the same
+  grant by hand, now, on every repository or on those named, for every account or those named; each grant read back
+  from the forge, a refusal answered in the forge's own words).
+
+### The merging account writes the repositories the mesh delivers
+
+`mesh-tools` sets every commit status and merges; outside the organisation it only reads (above), so a pull request of
+a user's repository could be checked and asked but never merged (issue 1945: car-hunter #2's status refused 403 after
+the operator's Approve). `writes.ts` makes it a collaborator that **writes** on each repository that builds a registered
+module, and on no other (the operator, 2026-10-26): the build modules' and the agents' accounts keep read.
+
+- **Which:** the indexer's state `mesh-delivery-indexer.modules` (in this module's `reads`), one key per registered
+  module, each naming its repository. A repository of `novox` needs nothing: the team writes it. Every other repository
+  of a user stays read-only.
+- **When:** the state's watch hands every module at the start and each one registered after; a repository not yet
+  written is granted then, read back from the forge, and said on the bus as `gitea.repo.writable` {owner, repo,
+  account}, on which mesh-delivery-gate reads that repository again. Nothing polls.
+- **Tools:** `gitea_unwritable_repos` (every delivered repository the account cannot write, its permission and why)
+  and `gitea_grant_write` (the same grant by hand, on every delivered repository or those named; what it granted, what
+  was written already, what the forge refused in its own words, and the repositories left read-only and why).
+  `gitea_commit_statuses` answers `merge.writes`, whether the account may write the repository at all.
+
 ## Files it does not know
 
 Each directory or archive this module declares says how it treats a file it did not write (ADR 0422, ADR 0416).

modules/gitea/client.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ export interface GiteaRepo {
   default_branch?: string;
   /** When anything last moved in it — a push, and so a merge. */
   updated_at?: string;
+  /** Whether the account asking may write it (the forge's permissions.push or admin): a commit status and a merge need
+   *  it. Absent when the forge did not say. */
+  writes?: boolean;
 }
 
 /** An issue, with its labels flattened to names. */
@@ -98,6 +101,10 @@ export interface GiteaPull {
   html_url: string;
   /** The description: where a pull request says it goes after another (`after: <repository>`, novox/hq ADR 0239). */
   body?: string;
+  /** Whether the forge would merge it into its base now (gitea's `mergeable`): false while it is in conflict, while the
+   *  forge is still working that out after its base moved, or while it is a work in progress; absent when the forge did not
+   *  say. What a group's merge reads of every member before it merges any (novox/hq issue 1275). */
+  mergeable?: boolean;
 }
 
 /** An open pull request with what its base requires and what its head has: what gitea_open_pulls answers. */
@@ -789,14 +796,29 @@ export class GiteaClient {
 
   /** Merge a pull request — never forced past its checks, and, given the head that was checked, only that head:
    *  the forge refuses the merge when the branch moved since (novox/hq ADR 0266). */
+  /** How long a merge waits before it asks again after the forge's 405 "Please try again later" (novox/hq issue 1275):
+   *  the forge says so while it works out whether the pull request merges, for a few seconds after its base moved. */
+  static mergeRetryAfter: number[] = [1000, 2000, 4000];
+
   async mergePullRequest(owner: string, repo: string, index: number, method = "merge", deleteBranch = false,
     headCommit?: string): Promise<void> {
     indexOf(index);
-    await this.request(`${repoPath(owner, repo)}/pulls/${index}/merge`, {
-      method: "POST",
-      body: JSON.stringify({ Do: method, delete_branch_after_merge: deleteBranch, force_merge: false,
-        ...(headCommit ? { head_commit_id: headCommit } : {}) }),
-    });
+    for (let attempt = 0; ; attempt++) {
+      try {
+        await this.request(`${repoPath(owner, repo)}/pulls/${index}/merge`, {
+          method: "POST",
+          body: JSON.stringify({ Do: method, delete_branch_after_merge: deleteBranch, force_merge: false,
+            ...(headCommit ? { head_commit_id: headCommit } : {}) }),
+        });
+        return;
+      } catch (err) {
+        // Only the forge's transient answer is asked again, briefly; every other refusal, and this one past the last
+        // wait, is the caller's to say. head_commit_id keeps a head that moved in between from landing.
+        const wait = GiteaClient.mergeRetryAfter[attempt];
+        if (wait === undefined || !tryAgainLater(err)) throw err;
+        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, wait));
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   // ---- Mappers: the wire shape is broad and unstable; the mesh sees only these fields. ----
@@ -812,6 +834,8 @@ export class GiteaClient {
       html_url: r.html_url,
       default_branch: r.default_branch,
       updated_at: r.updated_at ?? undefined,
+      ...(r.permissions && typeof r.permissions === "object"
+        ? { writes: r.permissions.push === true || r.permissions.admin === true } : {}),
     };
   }
 
@@ -842,6 +866,7 @@ export class GiteaClient {
       updated_at: p.updated_at ?? undefined,
       html_url: p.html_url,
       body: typeof p.body === "string" ? p.body : undefined,
+      mergeable: typeof p.mergeable === "boolean" && !p.merged ? p.mergeable : undefined,
     };
   }
 }
@@ -853,6 +878,25 @@ interface AdminResponse {
   readonly body: any;
 }
 
+/** A repository as the site administrator sees it: what saying why an account cannot read it needs (readall.ts). */
+export interface ForgeRepository {
+  full_name: string;
+  owner: string;
+  name: string;
+  private: boolean;
+  archived: boolean;
+  /** The owner's own visibility: public, limited or private. A public repository of an owner not public is hidden
+   *  from whoever is no member. */
+  owner_visibility: string;
+}
+
+function forgeRepository(r: any): ForgeRepository {
+  const owner = String(r?.owner?.login ?? r?.owner?.username ?? "");
+  const name = String(r?.name ?? "");
+  return { full_name: String(r?.full_name ?? `${owner}/${name}`), owner, name, private: r?.private === true,
+    archived: r?.archived === true, owner_visibility: String(r?.owner?.visibility ?? "public") };
+}
+
 /**
  * The forge's admin client, over **basic auth** — gitea's own code, living in the module, used only
  * by the provisioner (novox/hq ADR 0048/0076).
@@ -970,6 +1014,105 @@ export class GiteaAdmin {
     return repos;
   }
 
+  // ---- The tools' account reads every repository (readall.ts) ----
+
+  /** Every repository on the forge, of every user and organisation: the search as the site administrator, whom the
+   *  forge answers every repository, private ones and those of private owners included. Only a read. */
+  async everyRepository(): Promise<ForgeRepository[]> {
+    const all: ForgeRepository[] = [];
+    for (let page = 1; page <= 200; page++) {
+      const res = await this.request(`/repos/search?limit=50&page=${page}`);
+      if (res.status !== 200) GiteaAdmin.fail("/repos/search", res);
+      const list: any[] = Array.isArray(res.body?.data) ? res.body.data : [];
+      all.push(...list.map(forgeRepository));
+      if (list.length < 50) break;
+    }
+    return all;
+  }
+
+  /** One repository as the site administrator sees it, or null when the forge holds none by that name. */
+  async repository(owner: string, repo: string): Promise<ForgeRepository | null> {
+    const res = await this.request(repoPath(owner, repo));
+    if (res.status === 404) return null;
+    if (res.status !== 200) GiteaAdmin.fail(repoPath(owner, repo), res);
+    return forgeRepository(res.body);
+  }
+
+  /** Whether the forge holds an account of this name. */
+  async accountExists(user: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const path = `/users/${encodeURIComponent(user)}`;
+    const res = await this.request(path);
+    if (res.status === 404) return false;
+    if (res.status !== 200) GiteaAdmin.fail(path, res);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** What the forge gives an account on a repository, effective: none, read, write, admin or owner. It is the repository as
+   *  that account sees it (the site administrator acts as the account with `sudo`), so access through an organisation's team
+   *  counts. The collaborator endpoint is not used: it names only a collaborator's own permission, and says "read" of an
+   *  account that writes through a team (novox/hq issue 1945). */
+  async repositoryPermission(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<string> {
+    const path = `${repoPath(owner, repo)}?sudo=${encodeURIComponent(user)}`;
+    const res = await this.request(path);
+    if (res.status === 404) return "none";
+    if (res.status !== 200) GiteaAdmin.fail(path, res);
+    const p = res.body?.permissions;
+    if (p?.admin === true) return res.body?.owner?.login === user ? "owner" : "admin";
+    if (p?.push === true) return "write";
+    return p?.pull === true ? "read" : "none";
+  }
+
+  /** Make an account a collaborator of a repository that reads only. The forge asks a repository's administrator for
+   *  it, which on a repository of another user only the site administrator is. Idempotent: the forge answers 204 again. */
+  async addReadCollaborator(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.addCollaborator(owner, repo, user, "read");
+  }
+
+  /** Make an account a collaborator of a repository that writes: pushes a branch, sets a commit status, merges (writes.ts:
+   *  only on a repository that builds a registered module). An existing read collaborator is changed to write. */
+  async addWriteCollaborator(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.addCollaborator(owner, repo, user, "write");
+  }
+
+  /** The rule that applies to main in a repository, as its administrator reads it: a rule named main, else the first glob
+   *  rule covering main; null when none does. With the administrator's login. */
+  async mainRule(owner: string, repo: string): Promise<BranchProtection | null> {
+    const rules = await this.branchProtections(owner, repo);
+    return rules.find((r) => (r.rule_name ?? r.branch_name) === MAIN_BRANCH)
+      ?? rules.find((r) => ruleCovers(String(r.rule_name ?? r.branch_name ?? ""), MAIN_BRANCH)) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  /** Put an account on main's merge whitelist in a repository of a user, and nothing else (the operator, 2026-10-26:
+   *  write, the rule untouched). Only an existing rule whose merge whitelist is on is changed, and only its whitelist: the
+   *  account is added to the logins already there. Push, status checks, approvals and the administrator override stay as
+   *  the operator set them; with no rule, or the whitelist off, nothing is written (whoever writes may merge). Read back:
+   *  the forge drops a whitelist login that cannot write the repository and still answers success, so a whitelist read back
+   *  without the account fails loud. Answers the rule as the forge holds it after. With the administrator's login. */
+  async ensureMergerListed(owner: string, repo: string, account: string): Promise<{ changed: boolean; rule: BranchProtection | null }> {
+    const rule = await this.mainRule(owner, repo);
+    const listed = rule?.merge_whitelist_usernames ?? [];
+    if (!rule || rule.enable_merge_whitelist !== true || listed.includes(account)) return { changed: false, rule };
+    const name = String(rule.rule_name ?? rule.branch_name);
+    const path = `${repoPath(owner, repo)}/branch_protections/${encodeURIComponent(name)}`;
+    const res = await this.request(path, { method: "PATCH", body: JSON.stringify({ merge_whitelist_usernames: [...listed, account] }) });
+    if (res.status !== 200) GiteaAdmin.fail(path, res);
+    const after = (await this.branchProtections(owner, repo)).find((r) => (r.rule_name ?? r.branch_name) === name);
+    if (!after) throw new Error(`main's rule ${name} of ${owner}/${repo} was written, but the forge does not list it`);
+    const held = after.merge_whitelist_usernames ?? [];
+    if (after.enable_merge_whitelist === true && !held.includes(account)) {
+      throw new Error(`${account} was added to the merge whitelist of main's rule ${name} of ${owner}/${repo}, but the forge ` +
+        `holds [${held.join(", ")}]: it drops a login that cannot write the repository`);
+    }
+    return { changed: true, rule: after };
+  }
+
+  private async addCollaborator(owner: string, repo: string, user: string, permission: "read" | "write"): Promise<void> {
+    const path = `${repoPath(owner, repo)}/collaborators/${encodeURIComponent(user)}`;
+    const res = await this.request(path, { method: "PUT", body: JSON.stringify({ permission }) });
+    if (res.status === 204 || res.status === 200) return;
+    GiteaAdmin.fail(path, res);
+  }
+
   /** Ensure the npm-owner org exists. 201 created, 2xx/404-then-created, and 422/409 (a concurrent
    *  create won the race) are all success. */
   async ensureOrg(name: string): Promise<void> {
@@ -1160,3 +1303,10 @@ export function directoriesAbove(paths: string[]): string[] {
 function encodePath(path: string): string {
   return pathSegments("file path", path);
 }
+
+/** Whether an error is the forge's 405 "Please try again later" on a merge: its answer while the pull request's
+ *  mergeability is being worked out (or it is in conflict, which a later ask says the same way). */
+export function tryAgainLater(err: unknown): boolean {
+  const words = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+  return / 405 /.test(words) && /try again later/i.test(words);
+}

modules/gitea/index.ts

@@ -58,8 +58,11 @@ import { CHECK_CONTEXT, CHECK_STATUS, REPO_CHECK_CONTEXT, commentFor, composedGa
 import { GateWriter } from "./gate.js";
 import { HOOK_PATH, HOOK_PORT, Pace, claimHead, ensureSystemHook, eventsTool, keptSecret, receiver, type ForgeEvent } from "./webhook.js";
 import { keepSiblings, noteComposed, noteVerdict, readSiblings, siblingsFile, siblingsOf, weighSiblings } from "./siblings.js";
-import { bindInBackground } from "./bind.js";
+import { bindInBackground, bindUntilHeld } from "./bind.js";
 import { announcementOf, keepTook, lateVerdictComment, outOfDateWords, sameCommit, tookFile, weighTrunks } from "./trunk.js";
+import { ReadAll, readAllTools } from "./readall.js";
+import { DeliveredWrites, INDEXER_MODULES, writeTools, type ModulesChange } from "./writes.js";
+import { TOOLS_ACCOUNT, TOOLS_ORG, meshAccounts } from "./tools-account.js";
 
 // Without a way to a token — configured, or mintable with the admin account (token.ts) — there is
 // nothing to watch; log and stay quiet rather than crash the runtime. With one, the first poll mints
@@ -500,8 +503,21 @@ if (!gitea) pace.unheard("the forge is not watched: no way to a token", false);
 // Said with `emit`, not the SDK's `keeps`, which the toolchain's SDK does not have yet: switch to `keeps` once that SDK is 0.1.15 or later (issue 1852).
 await emit("states", statesAnnouncement(process.env.MESH_MODULE || "gitea", process.env.MESH_NODE));
 
+// **The mesh's accounts read every repository** (readall.ts; the operator, 2026-10-26): the tools', the build modules'
+// and the machines' agents' (meshAccounts, tools-account.ts), granted with the site
+// administrator's login, which the module holds for setting the forge up and uses here for that grant alone. Made on
+// first use, so a module whose admin login is missing still serves the rest and the tools say why.
+let readAllOnce: ReadAll | null = null;
+const readAll = (): ReadAll => (readAllOnce ??= new ReadAll(GiteaAdmin.fromEnv(), meshAccounts(process.env.MESH_GITEA_TOOLS_USER || TOOLS_ACCOUNT)));
+
+// **The merging account writes every repository that builds a registered module** (writes.ts; the operator,
+// 2026-10-26; issue 1945): which those are is the indexer's state, watched below. Made on first use, as readAll.
+let writesOnce: DeliveredWrites | null = null;
+const writes = (): DeliveredWrites => (writesOnce ??= new DeliveredWrites(GiteaAdmin.fromEnv(),
+  process.env.MESH_GITEA_TOOLS_USER || TOOLS_ACCOUNT, TOOLS_ORG, (l) => console.log(`[gitea] ${l}`), (type, body) => emit(type, body)));
+
 // gitea_events is served whether or not the forge is watched: it says so (novox/hq issue 729).
-registerModuleTools("gitea", () => [eventsTool(pace), ...(gitea ? [commitStatusTool({
+registerModuleTools("gitea", () => [eventsTool(pace), ...readAllTools(readAll), ...writeTools(writes), ...(gitea ? [commitStatusTool({
   setCommitStatus: (owner, repo, sha, status) => (gitea as GiteaClient).setCommitStatus(owner, repo, sha, status),
   gates,
 }), mergeTool(gitea, { gates })] : [])]);
@@ -543,7 +559,12 @@ async function listenForForge(client: GiteaClient): Promise<boolean> {
     const server = receiver({ secret, port, heard: (kind, delivery) => pace.heard(kind, delivery),
       refused: (reason, from) => pace.refused(reason, from),
       publish: (event) => emit(event.name, event.body),
-      act: (event) => actOn(client, event) });
+      act: async (event) => {
+        // A repository made, or one not yet seen readable, is granted read before anything acts on it (readall.ts).
+        await Promise.resolve().then(() => readAll().onEvent(event)).catch((err) =>
+          console.error(`[gitea] whether the mesh's accounts read the repository of ${event.name} could not be settled — ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}`));
+        await actOn(client, event);
+      } });
     await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
       server.once("error", reject);
       server.listen(port, host, () => resolve());
@@ -594,6 +615,32 @@ if (gitea) {
   // of the node starts left gitea_commit_status, gitea_merge_pull_request and gitea_events served nowhere. Until it is
   // listening, Pace keeps the polls at 30 s, so nothing is missed meanwhile; listenForForge says its own failure.
   void listenForForge(client);
+  // The start's one pass over every repository (readall.ts), not awaited for the same reason. A forge not answering yet
+  // is asked again, a minute apart, until one pass has run; after that only the forge's events grant.
+  // An account of the list the forge does not hold yet (the forge-account provider makes nox-builder and nox-agent when
+  // their first consumer asks, and the forge sends no event for a user made) is looked for again ten minutes apart
+  // until every account was granted once; the line of each pass names it.
+  const readAllAtStart = (): void => void Promise.resolve().then(() => readAll().atStart()).then((r) => {
+    if (r.absent.length) setTimeout(readAllAtStart, 600_000);
+  }, (err) => {
+    console.error(`[gitea] whether the mesh's accounts read every repository could not be settled; asked again in a minute — ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}`);
+    setTimeout(readAllAtStart, 60_000);
+  });
+  try {
+    readAll();
+    readAllAtStart();
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(`[gitea] the mesh's accounts are not given read on every repository: no site administrator's login — ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}`);
+  }
+  // The indexer's modules, watched: the watch hands every key's latest value at its start and then each change, so a
+  // repository that builds a registered module is made writable at the start and when its first module is registered
+  // (writes.ts). A read not granted yet is said and asked again until it holds.
+  try {
+    const w = writes();
+    void bindUntilHeld(INDEXER_MODULES, () => state<unknown>(INDEXER_MODULES).watch((change) => w.take(change as ModulesChange)));
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(`[gitea] the merging account is not given write on the delivered repositories: no site administrator's login — ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : err}`);
+  }
   // Main takes no push and only the tools' account merges, in every repository, kept and not only when a token is
   // minted: at the start and every ten minutes after, so a repository made later gets it too (issue 948, ADR 0398 §2).
   // Only while the setting keep-main-rules is true (mainrules.ts); false, the default, leaves every repository's rule as set.

modules/gitea/internal/forgeaccount/user_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package forgeaccount
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+)
 
 func TestForgeUserOfAMachineAccountIsTheOneAgentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := ForgeUser("g14", "machine"); got != "nox-agent" {
@@ -15,6 +19,18 @@ func TestForgeUserOfAMachineAccountIsTheOneAgentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := NodeAccount("g14"); got != "agent-g14" {
 		t.Fatalf("the token tool's per-node account = %q", got)
 	}
+	// The accounts that read every repository (readall.ts, meshAccounts in tools-account.ts) name these two users: the
+	// list is held to the Go constants here, so the two cannot drift apart (the operator, 2026-10-26).
+	ts, err := os.ReadFile("../../tools-account.ts")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for name, want := range map[string]string{"BUILDER_ACCOUNT": BuilderUser, "AGENT_ACCOUNT": AgentUser} {
+		m := regexp.MustCompile(`export const ` + name + ` = "([^"]+)";`).FindSubmatch(ts)
+		if m == nil || string(m[1]) != want {
+			t.Errorf("tools-account.ts %s = %q, want %q (internal/forgeaccount)", name, m, want)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func TestRemoveKeysTitledTakesOnlyTheMeshKeysOfThatTitle(t *testing.T) {

modules/gitea/module.json

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   ],
   "emits": [
     "repo.created",
+    "repo.writable",
     "issue.opened",
     "pull.merged",
     "pull.updated",
@@ -567,6 +568,7 @@
     "mesh-build-go.keys",
     "mesh-build-node.keys",
     "mesh-build-image.keys",
-    "mesh-delivery-checker.owed"
+    "mesh-delivery-checker.owed",
+    "mesh-delivery-indexer.modules"
   ]
 }

modules/gitea/readall.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// The mesh's own forge accounts read every repository on the forge (the operator, 2026-10-26: "the mesh's forge account
+// should get read access to all repositories"; and "why wouldn't the forge account get access to all repo's?").
+//
+// **Every account the mesh's parts use, from one list** (MESH_ACCOUNTS, tools-account.ts): the tools' `mesh-tools`, the
+// build modules' `nox-builder` (their fetch over ssh, ADR 0466 §3) and the machines' `nox-agent` (ssh-client's key,
+// ADR 0410 §1). The first pass granted the tools' account alone, so the build modules' fetch of jschoubben/car-hunter
+// still failed on ace and g14 ("nox-builder ... is not authorized to read"). The two Go names are the ones of
+// internal/forgeaccount, whose test holds the list to them. An account the forge does not hold yet (its consumer never
+// asked) is said and left out, never a refusal per repository.
+//
+// Since issue 469 the tools act as the plain account `mesh-tools`, which writes to the organisation novox's
+// repositories through its team (tools-account.ts). Every other repository it saw only when public: a private
+// repository of a user (jschoubben/car-hunter, jschoubben/snake) answered its tools 404 and was missing from every
+// list, while that user's public ones were there. So the module makes its account a collaborator that reads only on
+// each repository it cannot read, the least the forge offers: one repository, read, no organisation membership.
+//
+//   - **at the start**, one pass over every repository of every user and organisation;
+//   - **on the forge's own event** (the system webhook, webhook.ts): `forge.repository.created` and `forge.fork` at
+//     once, and the first event of any repository this process has not yet seen readable, since the forge may not
+//     send a repository's creation for every owner. Nothing polls for it.
+//
+// **Not caught: a repository made private later.** The forge sends no event for a change of visibility, and a public
+// repository is already seen readable by the start's pass, so its events ask nothing. Such a repository is granted at
+// the module's next start, or now by `gitea_grant_read`; `gitea_unreadable_repos` shows it meanwhile.
+//
+// **The grant needs the site administrator's login.** Adding a collaborator asks the repository's administration,
+// which on another user's repository only the site administrator holds; the module holds that login for setting the
+// forge up (MESH_GITEA_ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE). Here it is used through `ReadAllForge` alone: list the repositories, read
+// the account's permission on one, add the account as a collaborator that reads. Nothing else, and never for the tools'
+// own calls, which keep their token.
+//
+// What the forge refuses (a repository that went meanwhile, an archived one if the forge will not take a collaborator
+// on it) is said per repository and not retried; the tool `gitea_unreadable_repos` shows what is left, and
+// `gitea_grant_read` grants again now.
+
+import type { ForgeRepository } from "./client.js";
+
+/** What the module asks of the forge for this, with the site administrator's login (GiteaAdmin, client.ts). */
+export interface ReadAllForge {
+  everyRepository(): Promise<ForgeRepository[]>;
+  repository(owner: string, repo: string): Promise<ForgeRepository | null>;
+  /** Whether the forge holds the account at all. */
+  accountExists(user: string): Promise<boolean>;
+  repositoryPermission(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<string>;
+  addReadCollaborator(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+/** A repository an account cannot read, and why. */
+export interface Unreadable {
+  account: string;
+  repository: string;
+  permission: string;
+  private: boolean;
+  archived: boolean;
+  why: string;
+}
+
+export interface Granted {
+  /** Repositories looked at (for each account). */
+  checked: number;
+  /** The accounts looked at: those the forge holds. */
+  accounts: string[];
+  /** Accounts of the list the forge does not hold yet: nothing is granted to them until it does. */
+  absent: string[];
+  /** Made readable now, by a read collaborator: each repository and the account. */
+  granted: { account: string; repository: string }[];
+  /** The forge refused the grant: each repository, the account and the forge's own words. */
+  refused: { account: string; repository: string; why: string }[];
+}
+
+const READS = new Set(["read", "write", "admin", "owner"]);
+
+const said = (err: unknown): string => (err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+
+/** Why the account cannot read a repository, from what the forge says of it. */
+export function whyUnreadable(repo: ForgeRepository, account: string): string {
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  if (repo.private) parts.push(`a private repository of ${repo.owner}, on which ${account} is no collaborator and in no team that covers it`);
+  else if (repo.owner_visibility !== "public") {
+    parts.push(`a public repository of ${repo.owner}, whose own visibility is ${repo.owner_visibility}: the forge shows it to members only`);
+  } else parts.push(`the forge answers ${account} no read on it`);
+  if (repo.archived) parts.push("archived");
+  return parts.join("; ");
+}
+
+export class ReadAll {
+  /** Per account, the repositories this process has seen it read, by full name: an event of a repository every account
+   *  was seen reading asks nothing more. */
+  readonly readable = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+  readonly accounts: readonly string[];
+
+  constructor(private readonly forge: ReadAllForge, accounts: readonly string[] | string,
+    private readonly log: (line: string) => void = (l) => console.log(`[gitea] ${l}`)) {
+    this.accounts = [...new Set(typeof accounts === "string" ? [accounts] : accounts)];
+    if (!this.accounts.length) throw new Error("no forge account to give read: the list is empty");
+    for (const a of this.accounts) this.readable.set(a, new Set());
+  }
+
+  /** The accounts of the list (or of those named) the forge holds, and those it does not hold yet. */
+  private async present(only?: string[]): Promise<{ accounts: string[]; absent: string[] }> {
+    const wanted = only && only.length ? only : [...this.accounts];
+    for (const a of wanted) if (!this.accounts.includes(a)) throw new Error(`"${a}" is not one of the mesh's accounts: ${this.accounts.join(", ")}`);
+    const accounts: string[] = [];
+    const absent: string[] = [];
+    for (const a of wanted) ((await this.forge.accountExists(a)) ? accounts : absent).push(a);
+    return { accounts, absent };
+  }
+
+  /** Every repository each account cannot read, and why, as the forge says it now. */
+  async unreadable(only?: string[]): Promise<{ checked: number; accounts: { account: string; unreadable: number }[]; absent: string[]; unreadable: Unreadable[] }> {
+    const { accounts, absent } = await this.present(only);
+    const repos = await this.forge.everyRepository();
+    const out: Unreadable[] = [];
+    for (const account of accounts) {
+      for (const repo of repos) {
+        try {
+          const u = await this.judge(repo, account);
+          if (u) out.push(u);
+        } catch (err) {
+          // A permission the forge would not answer is said for that repository; the rest are still looked at.
+          out.push({ account, repository: repo.full_name, permission: "unknown", private: repo.private, archived: repo.archived,
+            why: `the forge did not answer ${account}'s permission on it — ${said(err)}` });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return { checked: repos.length, accounts: accounts.map((account) => ({ account, unreadable: out.filter((u) => u.account === account).length })),
+      absent, unreadable: out };
+  }
+
+  /** Grant read on every repository an account cannot read (or on those named, `owner/name`), for every account of the
+   *  list the forge holds (or for those named). */
+  async grant(only?: string[], accountsOnly?: string[]): Promise<Granted> {
+    const { accounts, absent } = await this.present(accountsOnly);
+    let repos: ForgeRepository[];
+    if (only && only.length) {
+      repos = [];
+      for (const full of only) {
+        const [owner, name, ...rest] = full.split("/");
+        if (!owner || !name || rest.length) throw new Error(`"${full}" is not a repository: say owner/name`);
+        const repo = await this.forge.repository(owner, name);
+        if (!repo) throw new Error(`the forge holds no repository ${full}`);
+        repos.push(repo);
+      }
+    } else repos = await this.forge.everyRepository();
+    const result: Granted = { checked: repos.length, accounts, absent, granted: [], refused: [] };
+    for (const account of accounts) {
+      for (const repo of repos) {
+        const repository = repo.full_name;
+        let u: Unreadable | null;
+        try {
+          u = await this.judge(repo, account);
+        } catch (err) {
+          // One repository whose permission cannot be read is a refusal of its own, never the end of the pass.
+          result.refused.push({ account, repository, why: `its permission could not be read — ${said(err)}` });
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!u) continue;
+        try {
+          await this.forge.addReadCollaborator(repo.owner, repo.name, account);
+        } catch (err) {
+          result.refused.push({ account, repository, why: said(err) });
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Read back: the forge's own word that the account reads it now, never the grant's answer alone.
+        let after: string;
+        try {
+          after = await this.forge.repositoryPermission(repo.owner, repo.name, account);
+        } catch (err) {
+          result.refused.push({ account, repository, why: `granted, but its permission could not be read back — ${said(err)}` });
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (READS.has(after)) {
+          this.readable.get(account)!.add(repository);
+          result.granted.push({ account, repository });
+        } else {
+          result.refused.push({ account, repository, why: `the grant was answered, but the forge still gives ${account} "${after}"` });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** The start's one pass: grant what is missing and say it. Answers the result; a failure is the caller's to say. */
+  async atStart(): Promise<Granted> {
+    const r = await this.grant();
+    const per = r.accounts.map((a) => {
+      const g = r.granted.filter((x) => x.account === a).map((x) => x.repository);
+      return `${a} ${g.length} granted read now${g.length ? ` (${g.join(", ")})` : ""}`;
+    });
+    this.log(`the mesh's accounts read every repository: ${r.checked} looked at; ${per.join("; ")}` +
+      `${r.absent.length ? `; not on the forge yet, so not granted: ${r.absent.join(", ")}` : ""}` +
+      `${r.refused.length ? `; ${r.refused.length} refused: ` + r.refused.map((x) => `${x.account} on ${x.repository} — ${x.why}`).join("; ") : ""}`);
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  /** A forge event: a repository made (or forked), or the first event of one some account was not seen reading, is
+   *  granted read now to every account that cannot read it. */
+  async onEvent(event: { name: string; body: unknown }): Promise<void> {
+    const b = (event.body ?? {}) as { owner?: string; repo?: string };
+    if (!b.owner || !b.repo) return;
+    const full = `${b.owner}/${b.repo}`;
+    if (event.name === "forge.repository.deleted") {
+      for (const seen of this.readable.values()) seen.delete(full);
+      return;
+    }
+    const made = event.name === "forge.repository.created" || event.name === "forge.fork";
+    // Seen readable once by every account, its events ask nothing: so a repository made private after that is not
+    // caught here (the forge says no change of visibility), only at the next start or by gitea_grant_read.
+    if (!made && [...this.readable.values()].every((seen) => seen.has(full))) return;
+    const r = await this.grant([full]);
+    for (const x of r.granted) this.log(`${x.account} was given read on ${full}, on the forge's ${event.name}`);
+    for (const x of r.refused) this.log(`${x.account} could not be given read on ${x.repository} — ${x.why}`);
+  }
+
+  private async judge(repo: ForgeRepository, account: string): Promise<Unreadable | null> {
+    const permission = await this.forge.repositoryPermission(repo.owner, repo.name, account);
+    const seen = this.readable.get(account)!;
+    if (READS.has(permission)) {
+      seen.add(repo.full_name);
+      return null;
+    }
+    seen.delete(repo.full_name);
+    return { account, repository: repo.full_name, permission, private: repo.private, archived: repo.archived, why: whyUnreadable(repo, account) };
+  }
+}
+
+type Tool = { name: string; description: string; input: Record<string, unknown>; run: (args: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>) => Promise<unknown> };
+
+const strings = (v: unknown): string[] | undefined => (Array.isArray(v) ? v.map(String) : undefined);
+
+/** The two tools: what each account cannot read and why, and the grant now. */
+export function readAllTools(readAll: () => ReadAll): Tool[] {
+  return [
+    {
+      name: "gitea_unreadable_repos",
+      description: "Every repository on the forge one of the mesh's own forge accounts cannot read, and why, per account: " +
+        "the tools' (mesh-tools), the build modules' fetch over ssh (nox-builder) and the machines' agents' (nox-agent). " +
+        "For each, the permission the forge gives it there, whether the repository is private or archived, and in words " +
+        "the reason (a private repository of a user with the account no collaborator, an owner not public); a count per " +
+        "account, and the accounts the forge does not hold yet. Empty when every account reads every repository. Read " +
+        "with the site administrator's login, which alone sees every repository.",
+      input: {
+        accounts: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" }, description: "the accounts to look at; empty or absent, every one of the mesh's" },
+      },
+      run: async (args) => readAll().unreadable(strings(args.accounts)),
+    },
+    {
+      name: "gitea_grant_read",
+      description: "Give each of the mesh's own forge accounts (mesh-tools, nox-builder, nox-agent) read on every " +
+        "repository it cannot read now, or on the repositories named, or for the accounts named: each becomes a " +
+        "collaborator that reads only, the least the forge offers. The module does this itself at its start and on the " +
+        "forge's event of a repository made; this is the same act by hand, such as when a build's fetch says its account " +
+        "is not authorized to read a repository. Answers how many were looked at, which were granted to which account " +
+        "(each read back from the forge), which the forge refused, in its own words, and the accounts it does not hold " +
+        "yet. Needs the site administrator's login, used for this grant alone.",
+      input: {
+        repositories: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" }, description: "owner/name of each repository; empty or absent, every repository" },
+        accounts: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" }, description: "the accounts to grant; empty or absent, every one of the mesh's" },
+      },
+      run: async (args) => readAll().grant(strings(args.repositories), strings(args.accounts)),
+    },
+  ];
+}

modules/gitea/test/merge-retry.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { test } from "node:test";
+import { createServer } from "node:http";
+
+// **The forge's 405 "Please try again later" on a merge is asked again briefly** (novox/hq issue 1275, 2026-10-26 13:40):
+// mesh-delivery#73's merge was answered so a few seconds after its base moved, and counted as refused at once. The forge
+// says it while it works out whether the pull request merges; the merge is asked again after a short wait, and every other
+// refusal is answered at once. A pull request's own mergeable is carried, so a group can be read whole before it merges.
+
+/** A forge whose merge of novox/hq#7 answers each of `answers` in turn (the last for ever), and whose pull request says
+ *  `mergeable`. */
+async function serve(answers: { status: number; body: string }[], mergeable?: boolean) {
+  const { GiteaClient } = await import("../client.ts");
+  let merges = 0;
+  const server = createServer((req, res) => {
+    const url = new URL(req.url ?? "", "http://x");
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/v1/repos/novox/hq/pulls/7/merge" && req.method === "POST") {
+      const a = answers[Math.min(merges++, answers.length - 1)];
+      res.statusCode = a.status;
+      return res.end(a.body);
+    }
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/v1/repos/novox/hq/pulls/7") {
+      return res.end(JSON.stringify({ number: 7, state: "open", merged: false, base: { ref: "main" },
+        head: { ref: "b", sha: "a".repeat(40) }, html_url: "h/7", ...(mergeable === undefined ? {} : { mergeable }) }));
+    }
+    res.statusCode = 404;
+    res.end("{}");
+  });
+  await new Promise<void>((r) => server.listen(0, r));
+  const client = new GiteaClient(`http://127.0.0.1:${(server.address() as any).port}`, "t");
+  GiteaClient.mergeRetryAfter = [1, 1, 1];
+  return { client, server, merges: () => merges };
+}
+
+const later = { status: 405, body: '{"message":"Please try again later"}' };
+const ok = { status: 200, body: "" };
+
+test("a merge answered 'try again later' while the forge works out its mergeability, then merged", async (t) => {
+  const cases: { name: string; answers: { status: number; body: string }[]; merged: boolean; asked: number }[] = [
+    { name: "merged on the third ask", answers: [later, later, ok], merged: true, asked: 3 },
+    { name: "still 'later' after the last wait: refused, with the forge's words", answers: [later], merged: false, asked: 4 },
+    { name: "a refusal of another kind is answered at once", answers: [{ status: 409, body: '{"message":"head moved"}' }], merged: false, asked: 1 },
+  ];
+  for (const c of cases) {
+    await t.test(c.name, async () => {
+      const { client, server, merges } = await serve(c.answers);
+      try {
+        const done = client.mergePullRequest("novox", "hq", 7, "merge", false, "a".repeat(40));
+        if (c.merged) await done;
+        else await assert.rejects(done, (err: Error) => /40[59]/.test(err.message));
+        assert.equal(merges(), c.asked);
+      } finally {
+        server.close();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+test("a pull request carries the forge's mergeable, and none when the forge did not say", async () => {
+  for (const mergeable of [true, false, undefined]) {
+    const { client, server } = await serve([ok], mergeable);
+    try {
+      assert.equal((await client.getPullRequest("novox", "hq", 7)).mergeable, mergeable);
+    } finally {
+      server.close();
+    }
+  }
+});

modules/gitea/test/tools-account.test.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { join } from "node:path";
 
 import { MintedToken } from "../dist/token.js";
 import { GiteaClient } from "../dist/client.js";
-import { TOOLS_ACCOUNT, TOOLS_TEAM_UNITS } from "../dist/tools-account.js";
+import { TOOLS_ACCOUNT, TOOLS_TEAM_UNITS, BUILDER_ACCOUNT, AGENT_ACCOUNT, meshAccounts } from "../dist/tools-account.js";
 import { repoCheckFacts } from "../dist/pulls.js";
 
 const ADMIN = "mesh-admin";
@@ -26,6 +26,19 @@ interface Account { admin: boolean; password: string; active: boolean }
 interface Token { id: number; name: string; sha1: string; user: string; scopes: string[] }
 interface Team { id: number; name: string; units: any; members: Set<string> }
 
+interface ForgeRepo { owner: string; name: string; full: string; private: boolean; archived?: boolean; ownerVisibility: string; collaborators: Map<string, string> }
+const forgeRepos: ForgeRepo[] = [];
+const userRules = new Map<string, any>();
+const repoFaults = { refuse: new Set<string>(), permission: new Set<string>() };
+function addRepo(full: string, isPrivate: boolean, ownerVisibility = "public"): ForgeRepo {
+  const [owner, name] = full.split("/");
+  const r = { owner, name, full, private: isPrivate, ownerVisibility, collaborators: new Map<string, string>() };
+  forgeRepos.push(r);
+  return r;
+}
+const repoJSON = (r: ForgeRepo) => ({ full_name: r.full, name: r.name, owner: { login: r.owner, visibility: r.ownerVisibility },
+  private: r.private, archived: r.archived === true });
+
 function fakeForge() {
   const users = new Map<string, Account>([[ADMIN, { admin: true, password: PASSWORD, active: true }]]);
   const tokens: Token[] = [];
@@ -61,11 +74,18 @@ function fakeForge() {
     return null;
   };
   const isAdmin = (u: string | null) => u !== null && users.get(u)?.admin === true;
+  const permissionOf = (u: string | null, r: ForgeRepo): string => {
+    if (isAdmin(u)) return "admin";
+    if (u === r.owner) return "owner";
+    if (r.owner === "novox" && teams.some((t) => t.members.has(u ?? "") && t.units.units_map?.["repo.code"] === "write")) return "write";
+    if (u && r.collaborators.has(u)) return r.collaborators.get(u)!;
+    return !r.private && r.ownerVisibility === "public" ? "read" : "none";
+  };
 
   const server = createServer(async (req, res) => {
     const url = new URL(req.url ?? "/", "http://fake");
     const p = url.pathname.replace(/^\/api\/v1/, "");
-    const me = who(req);
+    const me = url.searchParams.has("sudo") && isAdmin(who(req)) ? url.searchParams.get("sudo") : who(req);
     calls.push(`${req.method} ${p} as ${me}`);
     if (me === null) return json(res, 401, { message: "unauthorized" });
 
@@ -149,6 +169,23 @@ function fakeForge() {
       if (m[2] === "feat/unguarded") return json(res, 200, { name: m[2], protected: false });
       return json(res, 404, { message: "branch does not exist" });
     }
+    // A repository of a user: its rules are its administrator's (a site administrator, or a collaborator with admin).
+    m = p.match(/^\/repos\/(?!novox\/)([^/]+)\/([^/]+)\/branch_protections(?:\/(.*))?$/);
+    if (m) {
+      const key = `${m[1]}/${m[2]}`;
+      const repo = forgeRepos.find((r) => r.full === key);
+      if (!repo || !["admin", "owner"].includes(permissionOf(me, repo))) return json(res, 403, { message: "user should be an owner or a collaborator with admin write of a repository" });
+      if (req.method === "GET" && m[3] === undefined) return json(res, 200, userRules.has(key) ? [userRules.get(key)] : []);
+      // As gitea does: a whitelist login that cannot write the repository is dropped, and the write still answered.
+      const keep = (b: any) => (Array.isArray(b.merge_whitelist_usernames)
+        ? { ...b, merge_whitelist_usernames: b.merge_whitelist_usernames.filter((u: string) => ["write", "admin", "owner"].includes(permissionOf(u, repo))) } : b);
+      if (req.method === "PATCH" && m[3] === "main") {
+        if (!userRules.has(key)) return json(res, 404, { message: "branch protection does not exist" });
+        Object.assign(userRules.get(key), keep(await read(req)));
+        return json(res, 200, userRules.get(key));
+      }
+      if (req.method === "POST") { const b = keep(await read(req)); userRules.set(key, b); return json(res, 201, b); }
+    }
     // gitea's reqAdmin on the whole group: reading the rules is administration too.
     m = p.match(/^\/repos\/novox\/([^/]+)\/branch_protections(?:\/(.*))?$/);
     if (m) {
@@ -176,7 +213,37 @@ function fakeForge() {
       if (!writes) return json(res, 403, { message: "write on code required" });
       return json(res, 201, { context: (await read(req)).context, creator: { login: me } });
     }
-    if (req.method === "GET" && p === "/repos/search") return json(res, 200, { data: [] });
+    // Every repository of every owner, and who reads it (readall.ts): the site administrator reads all; the tools' account
+    // a repository of novox through its team, a public one of a public owner, and one it is a collaborator of.
+    if (req.method === "GET" && p === "/repos/search") {
+      const page = Number(url.searchParams.get("page") ?? "1");
+      const seen = forgeRepos.filter((r) => permissionOf(me, r) !== "none");
+      return json(res, 200, { data: page === 1 ? seen.map(repoJSON) : [] });
+    }
+    m = p.match(/^\/repos\/([^/]+)\/([^/]+)(?:\/collaborators\/([^/]+)(\/permission)?)?$/);
+    if (m) {
+      const repo = forgeRepos.find((r) => r.owner === decodeURIComponent(m![1]) && r.name === decodeURIComponent(m![2]));
+      if (repo && req.method === "GET" && !m[3] && url.searchParams.has("sudo") && repoFaults.permission.has(repo.full)) return json(res, 500, { message: "the forge is not well" });
+      if (!repo || permissionOf(me, repo) === "none") return json(res, 404, { message: "repository does not exist" });
+      if (req.method === "GET" && !m[3]) {
+        const mine = permissionOf(me, repo);
+        return json(res, 200, { ...repoJSON(repo), permissions: { pull: true, push: ["write", "admin", "owner"].includes(mine), admin: ["admin", "owner"].includes(mine) } });
+      }
+      const user = decodeURIComponent(m[3] ?? "");
+      if (req.method === "GET" && m[4]) {
+        if (repoFaults.permission.has(repo.full)) return json(res, 500, { message: "the forge is not well" });
+        if (!isAdmin(me) && me !== user) return json(res, 403, { message: "only the user or an administrator" });
+        // As gitea answers: the collaborator's own permission, not what a team gives the account.
+        return json(res, 200, { permission: repo.collaborators.get(user) ?? "read" });
+      }
+      if (req.method === "PUT" && !m[4]) {
+        // gitea's reqAdmin: the repository's administration, which on a repository of another user the site administrator alone holds.
+        if (!isAdmin(me) && me !== repo.owner) return json(res, 403, { message: "user should be an owner or a collaborator with admin write of a repository" });
+        if (repoFaults.refuse.has(repo.full)) return json(res, 422, { message: "the forge would not have it" });
+        repo.collaborators.set(user, (await read(req))?.permission ?? "write");
+        return json(res, 204, null);
+      }
+    }
     return json(res, 404, { message: "no such route in the fake" });
   });
   return new Promise<{ url: string; users: typeof users; tokens: typeof tokens; teams: typeof teams; calls: string[]; mainRules: typeof mainRules;
@@ -402,3 +469,226 @@ test("a mint with keep-main-rules false (the default) writes no branch protectio
   const writes = forge.calls.slice(from).filter((c: string) => /branch_protections/.test(c) && !/^GET /.test(c) && !/^(GET|HEAD) /.test(c));
   assert.deepEqual(writes, []);
 });
+
+// The mesh's accounts read every repository (readall.ts; the operator, 2026-10-26): jschoubben/car-hunter and
+// jschoubben/snake, private repositories of a user, answered the tools 404 while that user's public ones were seen; and
+// once the tools' account read them, the build modules' fetch as nox-builder still could not.
+
+test("the start's pass gives each of the mesh's accounts read, as a collaborator that reads only, on each repository it could not read, and on no other; an account the forge does not hold is said, not refused", async () => {
+  const env = await environment();
+  await fresh(env).listRepos(); // the account and its team exist, as after any mint
+  forge.users.set(BUILDER_ACCOUNT, { admin: false, password: "unused", active: true }); // made by the forge-account provider
+  forge.users.delete(AGENT_ACCOUNT); // no machine's key asked for it yet
+  forgeRepos.splice(0);
+  addRepo("novox/hq", true);
+  addRepo("jschoubben/txt-game", false);
+  addRepo("jschoubben/car-hunter", true);
+  addRepo("jschoubben/snake", true);
+  addRepo("shy/open", false, "limited");
+  addRepo("elsewhere/secret", true);
+  const { GiteaAdmin } = await import("../dist/client.js");
+  const { ReadAll, readAllTools } = await import("../dist/readall.js");
+  const lines: string[] = [];
+  const readAll = new ReadAll(GiteaAdmin.fromEnv(env), meshAccounts(), (l: string) => lines.push(l));
+  assert.deepEqual(readAll.accounts, [TOOLS_ACCOUNT, BUILDER_ACCOUNT, AGENT_ACCOUNT]);
+  const [unreadableTool, grantTool] = readAllTools(() => readAll);
+
+  // What the tool says before, per account: the four the tools' account cannot read, each with why; the builders'
+  // account, in no write team here, also not novox/hq; nox-agent not on the forge.
+  const before = await unreadableTool.run({}) as any;
+  assert.equal(before.checked, 6);
+  const of = (account: string) => before.unreadable.filter((u: any) => u.account === account).map((u: any) => u.repository).sort();
+  assert.deepEqual(of(TOOLS_ACCOUNT), ["elsewhere/secret", "jschoubben/car-hunter", "jschoubben/snake", "shy/open"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(of(BUILDER_ACCOUNT), ["elsewhere/secret", "jschoubben/car-hunter", "jschoubben/snake", "novox/hq", "shy/open"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(before.accounts, [{ account: TOOLS_ACCOUNT, unreadable: 4 }, { account: BUILDER_ACCOUNT, unreadable: 5 }]);
+  assert.deepEqual(before.absent, [AGENT_ACCOUNT]);
+  assert.match(before.unreadable.find((u: any) => u.account === BUILDER_ACCOUNT && u.repository === "jschoubben/car-hunter").why,
+    /a private repository of jschoubben, on which nox-builder is no collaborator/);
+  const builderOnly = await unreadableTool.run({ accounts: [BUILDER_ACCOUNT] }) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual(builderOnly.accounts, [{ account: BUILDER_ACCOUNT, unreadable: 5 }]);
+  await assert.rejects(unreadableTool.run({ accounts: ["someone"] }), /not one of the mesh's accounts/);
+  assert.match(before.unreadable.find((u: any) => u.repository === "jschoubben/car-hunter").why,
+    /a private repository of jschoubben, on which mesh-tools is no collaborator/);
+  assert.match(before.unreadable.find((u: any) => u.repository === "shy/open").why, /visibility is limited/);
+  assert.deepEqual((await fresh(env).listAllRepos()).map((r) => r.full_name).sort(), ["jschoubben/txt-game", "novox/hq"]);
+
+  // The account's own token cannot grant itself: the forge asks the repository's administration (the reason for the admin login).
+  const own = (await readFile(join(env.MESH_GITEA_STATE_DIR, "token"), "utf8")).trim();
+  const self = await fetch(`${forge.url}/api/v1/repos/jschoubben/car-hunter/collaborators/${TOOLS_ACCOUNT}`,
+    { method: "PUT", headers: { Authorization: `token ${own}`, "Content-Type": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify({ permission: "read" }) });
+  assert.equal(self.status, 404, "a repository the account cannot read is not even there for it");
+
+  const from = forge.calls.length;
+  const r = await readAll.atStart();
+  const grantedTo = (account: string) => r.granted.filter((x: any) => x.account === account).map((x: any) => x.repository).sort();
+  assert.deepEqual(grantedTo(TOOLS_ACCOUNT), ["elsewhere/secret", "jschoubben/car-hunter", "jschoubben/snake", "shy/open"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(grantedTo(BUILDER_ACCOUNT), ["elsewhere/secret", "jschoubben/car-hunter", "jschoubben/snake", "novox/hq", "shy/open"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(r.refused, []);
+  assert.deepEqual(r.absent, [AGENT_ACCOUNT]);
+  const puts = forge.calls.slice(from).filter((c) => c.startsWith("PUT "));
+  assert.equal(puts.length, 9, "the repositories each read already were left alone, and the absent account was asked nothing");
+  assert.ok(!puts.some((c) => c.includes(AGENT_ACCOUNT)));
+  assert.ok(puts.every((c) => c.endsWith(` as ${ADMIN}`)), "only the administrator's login grants");
+  for (const repo of forgeRepos.filter((x) => x.collaborators.size)) {
+    for (const [account, permission] of repo.collaborators) assert.equal(permission, "read", `${account} on ${repo.full} reads only`);
+  }
+  assert.equal(forgeRepos.find((x) => x.full === "jschoubben/car-hunter")!.collaborators.get(BUILDER_ACCOUNT), "read");
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /6 looked at; mesh-tools 4 granted read now .*; nox-builder 5 granted read now .*; not on the forge yet, so not granted: nox-agent/);
+
+  // The account made later is granted by hand (or at the next pass), its rows like any other.
+  forge.users.set(AGENT_ACCOUNT, { admin: false, password: "unused", active: true });
+  const agent = await grantTool.run({ accounts: [AGENT_ACCOUNT], repositories: ["jschoubben/car-hunter"] }) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual(agent.granted, [{ account: AGENT_ACCOUNT, repository: "jschoubben/car-hunter" }]);
+  assert.deepEqual(agent.absent, []);
+  forge.users.delete(AGENT_ACCOUNT);
+
+  // After: the account's own token sees every repository, and the tool names none.
+  assert.equal((await fresh(env).listAllRepos()).length, 6);
+  assert.deepEqual(((await unreadableTool.run({})) as any).unreadable, []);
+  // Granting again asks nothing of the forge but reads.
+  const again = forge.calls.length;
+  assert.deepEqual(((await grantTool.run({})) as any).granted, []);
+  assert.ok(forge.calls.slice(again).every((c) => c.startsWith("GET ")));
+});
+
+test("on the forge's events: a repository made is granted read at once, a known readable one asks nothing, a refusal is said, not thrown", async () => {
+  const env = await environment();
+  await fresh(env).listRepos();
+  forgeRepos.splice(0);
+  addRepo("jschoubben/txt-game", false);
+  const { GiteaAdmin } = await import("../dist/client.js");
+  const { ReadAll, readAllTools } = await import("../dist/readall.js");
+  const lines: string[] = [];
+  forge.users.set(BUILDER_ACCOUNT, { admin: false, password: "unused", active: true });
+  const readAll = new ReadAll(GiteaAdmin.fromEnv(env), [TOOLS_ACCOUNT, BUILDER_ACCOUNT], (l: string) => lines.push(l));
+  await readAll.atStart();
+
+  const cases: { name: string; event: string; repo: string; make?: boolean; refuse?: boolean; unanswered?: boolean; asks: boolean; reads: string }[] = [
+    { name: "a repository made", event: "forge.repository.created", repo: "jschoubben/new-private", make: true, asks: true, reads: "read" },
+    { name: "a fork made", event: "forge.fork", repo: "someone/fork", make: true, asks: true, reads: "read" },
+    { name: "a push to a repository seen readable", event: "forge.push", repo: "jschoubben/txt-game", asks: false, reads: "read" },
+    { name: "a push to a private repository never seen", event: "forge.push", repo: "jschoubben/quiet", make: true, asks: true, reads: "read" },
+    { name: "a repository the forge refuses the grant on", event: "forge.repository.created", repo: "jschoubben/stuck", make: true, refuse: true, asks: true, reads: "none" },
+    { name: "a repository whose permission the forge will not answer", event: "forge.repository.created", repo: "jschoubben/mute", make: true, unanswered: true, asks: true, reads: "none" },
+  ];
+  for (const c of cases) {
+    if (c.make) addRepo(c.repo, true);
+    if (c.refuse) repoFaults.refuse.add(c.repo);
+    if (c.unanswered) repoFaults.permission.add(c.repo);
+    const from = forge.calls.length;
+    const [owner, repo] = c.repo.split("/");
+    await readAll.onEvent({ name: c.event, body: { owner, repo } });
+    assert.equal(forge.calls.length > from, c.asks, `${c.name}: asks the forge`);
+    for (const account of [TOOLS_ACCOUNT, BUILDER_ACCOUNT]) {
+      assert.equal(forgeRepos.find((x) => x.full === c.repo)!.collaborators.get(account) ?? (c.make ? "none" : "read"), c.reads, `${c.name}: ${account}`);
+    }
+  }
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /mesh-tools could not be given read on jschoubben\/stuck — .*422/);
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /nox-builder was given read on someone\/fork, on the forge's forge.fork/);
+  const named = await (readAllTools(() => readAll)[1].run({ repositories: ["jschoubben/stuck"] })) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual(named.refused.map((x: any) => `${x.account} ${x.repository}`), [`${TOOLS_ACCOUNT} jschoubben/stuck`, `${BUILDER_ACCOUNT} jschoubben/stuck`]);
+  await assert.rejects(readAllTools(() => readAll)[1].run({ repositories: ["no-slash"] }), /not a repository/);
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /could not be given read on jschoubben\/mute — its permission could not be read — .*500/);
+  // A whole pass goes past the repository it cannot judge: every other one is still granted, and the listing names it.
+  addRepo("jschoubben/after-mute", true);
+  const pass = await readAll.grant();
+  assert.ok(pass.granted.some((x: any) => x.repository === "jschoubben/after-mute" && x.account === BUILDER_ACCOUNT), "the pass did not stop at the repository it could not judge");
+  assert.ok(pass.refused.some((x: any) => x.repository === "jschoubben/mute" && /permission could not be read/.test(x.why)));
+  const listed = await readAllTools(() => readAll)[0].run({}) as any;
+  assert.equal(listed.unreadable.find((u: any) => u.repository === "jschoubben/mute").permission, "unknown");
+  repoFaults.refuse.clear();
+  repoFaults.permission.clear();
+});
+
+// The merging account writes every repository that builds a registered module, and no other (writes.ts; the operator,
+// 2026-10-26; issue 1945): car-hunter #2 was approved and its commit status refused 403, mesh-tools reading only there.
+
+test("the merging account is given write on each repository the indexer's modules name, read back and said; the operator's other repositories stay read-only; the tools say both", async () => {
+  const env = await environment();
+  const client = fresh(env);
+  await client.listRepos(); // the account and its team exist, as after any mint
+  forgeRepos.splice(0);
+  addRepo("novox/hq", true);
+  for (const full of ["jschoubben/car-hunter", "jschoubben/snake", "jschoubben/dotfiles"]) addRepo(full, true).collaborators.set(TOOLS_ACCOUNT, "read");
+  const { GiteaAdmin } = await import("../dist/client.js");
+  const { DeliveredWrites, writeTools, WRITABLE_EVENT } = await import("../dist/writes.js");
+  const lines: string[] = [];
+  const said: { type: string; body: any }[] = [];
+  const writes = new DeliveredWrites(GiteaAdmin.fromEnv(env), TOOLS_ACCOUNT, "novox", (l: string) => lines.push(l),
+    async (type: string, body: unknown) => { said.push({ type, body }); });
+  const [unwritableTool, grantTool] = writeTools(() => writes);
+  await assert.rejects(grantTool.run({}), /not known yet/, "nothing is granted before the indexer's modules were read");
+  assert.equal((await client.getRepo("jschoubben", "car-hunter")).writes, false, "the statuses' answer says the account cannot write");
+
+  // 1945/AC1: the watch hands the indexer's modules; a user's repository a module builds from is made writable, once.
+  await writes.take({ key: "car-hunter", op: "put", value: { v: 1, repository: "jschoubben/car-hunter", commit: "c" }, current: true });
+  await writes.take({ key: "gitea", op: "put", value: { v: 1, repository: "novox/hq", commit: "c" }, current: true });
+  await writes.take({ key: "broken", op: "put", value: { v: 1, repository: "no-slash" }, current: true });
+  const from = forge.calls.length;
+  await writes.take({ key: "car-hunter-2", op: "put", value: { v: 1, repository: "jschoubben/car-hunter" } });
+  assert.equal(forge.calls.length, from, "a repository already written asks nothing more");
+  const repo = (full: string) => forgeRepos.find((x) => x.full === full)!;
+  assert.equal(repo("jschoubben/car-hunter").collaborators.get(TOOLS_ACCOUNT), "write", "a user's repository is written, not administered");
+  assert.equal(userRules.has("jschoubben/car-hunter"), false, "a repository with no rule for main is given none");
+  assert.equal(repo("novox/hq").collaborators.size, 0, "the organisation's repository is written through its team, no collaborator");
+  assert.equal((await client.getRepo("jschoubben", "car-hunter")).writes, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(said, [{ type: WRITABLE_EVENT, body: { owner: "jschoubben", repo: "car-hunter", account: TOOLS_ACCOUNT } }]);
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /mesh-tools was given write on jschoubben\/car-hunter, which builds the registered module car-hunter/);
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /broken names no repository/);
+
+  // 1945/AC2: a delivered repository the forge refuses is said, in its words, by the listing and the grant; the operator's
+  // repository no module builds from is left read-only, named with why, and a grant naming it asks the forge nothing.
+  repoFaults.refuse.add("jschoubben/snake");
+  await writes.take({ key: "snake", op: "put", value: { v: 1, repository: "jschoubben/snake" } });
+  assert.match(lines.join("\n"), /could not be given write on jschoubben\/snake, which builds snake — .*422/);
+  const listed = await unwritableTool.run({}) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual(listed.unwritable.map((u: any) => [u.repository, u.permission]), [["jschoubben/snake", "read"]]);
+  assert.match(listed.unwritable[0].why, /builds snake.*gitea_grant_write/);
+  const all = await grantTool.run({}) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual(all.delivered, ["jschoubben/car-hunter", "jschoubben/snake", "novox/hq"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(all.already, ["jschoubben/car-hunter", "novox/hq"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(all.granted, []);
+  assert.match(all.refused.find((x: any) => x.repository === "jschoubben/snake").why, /422.*would not have it/);
+  assert.deepEqual(all.left_read_only.map((x: any) => x.repository), ["jschoubben/dotfiles"]);
+  assert.match(all.left_read_only[0].why, /builds no registered module/);
+  const puts = forge.calls.length;
+  const named = await grantTool.run({ repositories: ["jschoubben/dotfiles"] }) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual([named.granted, named.left_read_only.map((x: any) => x.repository)], [[], ["jschoubben/dotfiles"]]);
+  assert.ok(!forge.calls.slice(puts).some((c) => c.startsWith("PUT ")), "no write is asked on a repository no module builds from");
+  assert.equal(repo("jschoubben/dotfiles").collaborators.get(TOOLS_ACCOUNT), "read");
+  repoFaults.refuse.clear();
+  // The operator's rule is left as set (the operator, 2026-10-26: "Write, rule untouched"): only mesh-tools is added to its
+  // merge whitelist; a status the mesh does not set and required approvals are said as blocking the mesh's merge, unchanged.
+  const operators = { rule_name: "main", enable_push: true, enable_merge_whitelist: true, merge_whitelist_usernames: ["jschoubben"],
+    enable_status_check: true, status_check_contexts: ["mesh/check", "mesh/merge-gate", "ci/external"], required_approvals: 2,
+    block_admin_merge_override: false, require_signed_commits: true, block_on_outdated_branch: true, block_on_rejected_reviews: true };
+  userRules.set("jschoubben/snake", structuredClone(operators));
+  const after = await grantTool.run({ repositories: ["jschoubben/snake"] }) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual(after.granted, ["jschoubben/snake"]);
+  assert.equal(repo("jschoubben/snake").collaborators.get(TOOLS_ACCOUNT), "write");
+  assert.deepEqual(userRules.get("jschoubben/snake"), { ...operators, merge_whitelist_usernames: ["jschoubben", TOOLS_ACCOUNT] }, "only the whitelist changed");
+  assert.deepEqual(after.merge_whitelist, [{ repository: "jschoubben/snake", changed: true, listed: ["jschoubben", TOOLS_ACCOUNT] }]);
+  const blockedWhy = "writable, but main's rule blocks the mesh's merge: it requires the status ci/external, which the mesh does not set; " +
+    "it requires 2 approving reviews on the forge, which the gate does not give; it requires signed commits, which the mesh does not make; " +
+    "it refuses a branch behind main, which the mesh does not bring up to date; " +
+    "it refuses a merge after a review asked for changes, which the gate does not clear";
+  assert.deepEqual(after.merge_blocked, [{ repository: "jschoubben/snake", why: blockedWhy }]);
+  const again = await unwritableTool.run({}) as any;
+  assert.deepEqual([again.unwritable, again.merge_blocked], [[], [{ repository: "jschoubben/snake", why: blockedWhy }]]);
+  const writesBefore = forge.calls.filter((c) => /^PATCH .*branch_protections/.test(c)).length;
+  assert.deepEqual(((await grantTool.run({ repositories: ["jschoubben/snake"] })) as any).merge_whitelist[0].changed, false);
+  assert.equal(forge.calls.filter((c) => /^PATCH .*branch_protections/.test(c)).length, writesBefore, "a listed account is not written again");
+  // The mesh's own statuses never block: a rule requiring only them, with mesh-tools listed, is not reported.
+  userRules.set("jschoubben/snake", { rule_name: "main", enable_merge_whitelist: true, merge_whitelist_usernames: [TOOLS_ACCOUNT],
+    enable_status_check: true, status_check_contexts: ["mesh/check", "mesh/merge-gate", "mesh/repo-check"] });
+  assert.deepEqual(((await unwritableTool.run({})) as any).merge_blocked, []);
+  assert.deepEqual(((await grantTool.run({ repositories: ["jschoubben/snake"] })) as any).merge_blocked, []);
+  // The forge drops a whitelist login that cannot write and still answers 200: the whitelist is read back and that fails loud.
+  userRules.set("jschoubben/dotfiles", { rule_name: "main", enable_merge_whitelist: true, merge_whitelist_usernames: ["jschoubben"] });
+  await assert.rejects(GiteaAdmin.fromEnv(env).ensureMergerListed("jschoubben", "dotfiles", TOOLS_ACCOUNT),
+    /mesh-tools was added to the merge whitelist of main's rule main of jschoubben\/dotfiles, but the forge holds \[jschoubben\]: it drops a login that cannot write/);
+  userRules.delete("jschoubben/dotfiles");
+  // A module gone from the indexer leaves its repository out of the delivered list.
+  await writes.take({ key: "snake", op: "delete" });
+  assert.deepEqual(writes.delivered(), ["jschoubben/car-hunter", "novox/hq"]);
+});

modules/gitea/test/trunk.test.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ test("both statuses say the head and the trunk commit the verdict judged, first,
   const [old] = statusesFor({ ...c, trunk: undefined, gate: { verdict: "pass", summary: "every machine composes" } });
   assert.equal(old.description, "pass: every machine composes");
   assert.equal(trunkNamed(old.description), undefined);
+  // ADR 0548 §8: a carried verdict's line names the head on the new trunk first, so the merge tool merges it on that trunk.
+  assert.equal(trunkNamed(`pass ${HEAD.slice(0, 12)} on ${MOVED.slice(0, 12)} | carried from ${TRUNK.slice(0, 12)}, mesh-catalog 0123456789ab | unit 0 run, 4 kept`),
+    MOVED.slice(0, 12));
 });
 
 test("a trunk's move puts an open head's merge check out of date, naming both commits, unless a check is on its way", () => {

modules/gitea/tools-account.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@
 import { keepMainRules } from "./mainrules.js";
 
 export const TOOLS_ACCOUNT = "mesh-tools";
+/** The build modules' account, whose keys fetch over ssh (internal/forgeaccount BuilderUser, ADR 0466 §3). */
+export const BUILDER_ACCOUNT = "nox-builder";
+/** The machines' agents' account, whose keys ssh-client reports (internal/forgeaccount AgentUser, ADR 0410 §1). */
+export const AGENT_ACCOUNT = "nox-agent";
+/** Every forge account the mesh's own parts use: each reads every repository on the forge (readall.ts; the operator,
+ *  2026-10-26). internal/forgeaccount's test holds the two Go names to its own constants. */
+export function meshAccounts(tools: string = TOOLS_ACCOUNT): string[] {
+  return [tools, BUILDER_ACCOUNT, AGENT_ACCOUNT];
+}
 /** The organisation whose repositories are the mesh's, and the team through which the tools' account writes there. */
 export const TOOLS_ORG = "novox";
 export const TOOLS_TEAM = "mesh-tools";

modules/gitea/tools/index.ts

@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ function allGiteaTools(gitea: GiteaClient, admin?: () => GiteaAdmin): ToolDefini
     },
     {
       name: "gitea_commit_statuses",
-      description: "Read a commit's statuses — or a pull request's head's — as the forge keeps them: the newest of each context (mesh/check, mesh/delivery, …) with its state, description, link, when it was set and by whom; and whether the branch it merges into would let it merge, every status that branch's protection requires being a success. Reads only.",
+      description: "Read a commit's statuses — or a pull request's head's — as the forge keeps them: the newest of each context (mesh/check, mesh/delivery, …) with its state, description, link, when it was set and by whom; and whether the branch it merges into would let it merge, every status that branch's protection requires being a success; for a pull request, also the forge's own mergeable (false while it is in conflict with its base or the forge is still working that out); and merge.writes, whether the mesh's merging account may write the repository at all (false: its statuses and its merge are refused until gitea_grant_write). Reads only.",
       input: {
         owner: { type: "string", description: "the repository owner" },
         repo: { type: "string", description: "the repository name" },
@@ -508,11 +508,12 @@ function allGiteaTools(gitea: GiteaClient, admin?: () => GiteaAdmin): ToolDefini
         if (!owner || !repo) throw new Error("name the repository: owner and repo");
         if (!Number.isInteger(number) || number < 0) throw new Error(`${args.number} is not a pull request's number`);
         let pull: { number: number; title: string; state: string; merged: boolean; base?: string; head?: string;
-          head_sha?: string; merge_commit_sha?: string; merged_at?: string; html_url: string } | undefined;
+          head_sha?: string; merge_commit_sha?: string; merged_at?: string; html_url: string; mergeable?: boolean } | undefined;
         if (number > 0) {
           const p = await gitea.getPullRequest(owner, repo, number);
           pull = { number: p.number, title: p.title, state: p.state, merged: p.merged, base: p.base, head: p.head,
-            head_sha: p.head_sha, merge_commit_sha: p.merge_commit_sha, merged_at: p.merged_at, html_url: p.html_url };
+            head_sha: p.head_sha, merge_commit_sha: p.merge_commit_sha, merged_at: p.merged_at, html_url: p.html_url,
+            ...(p.mergeable === undefined ? {} : { mergeable: p.mergeable }) };
           if (!ref) ref = p.head_sha ?? "";
           if (!base) base = p.base ?? "";
           if (!ref) throw new Error(`${owner}/${repo}#${number} names no head commit`);
@@ -527,8 +528,18 @@ function allGiteaTools(gitea: GiteaClient, admin?: () => GiteaAdmin): ToolDefini
         } catch (err) {
           unreadable = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
         }
+        // Whether this account may write the repository at all (issue 1945): a commit status and a merge need it, and a
+        // repository of a user it only reads refuses both 403. Not said when the forge would not answer.
+        let writes: boolean | undefined;
+        try {
+          writes = (await gitea.getRepo(owner, repo)).writes;
+        } catch {
+          writes = undefined;
+        }
+        const merge = mergeableUnder(base, rule, statuses, unreadable);
         return { commit: combined.sha || ref, pull, combined: combined.state, statuses,
-          merge: mergeableUnder(base, rule, statuses, unreadable) };
+          merge: writes === undefined ? merge : { ...merge, writes,
+            ...(writes ? {} : { cannot_write: `the forge account cannot write ${owner}/${repo}: gitea_grant_write` }) } };
       },
     },
     {

modules/gitea/writes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+// The account that sets commit statuses and merges writes every repository that builds a registered module, and no other
+// (the operator, 2026-10-26: "yes the mesh should get write access", on the repositories the mesh delivers; novox/hq issue
+// 1945). car-hunter #2 (a repository of a user, not of the organisation novox) was approved, and mesh-delivery's first
+// act, its commit status, was refused 403: the tools' account was only a collaborator that reads there (readall.ts).
+//
+// **Which account.** The tools' account, `mesh-tools`: the gitea module's own tools set every commit status and merge
+// (gitea_commit_status, gitea_merge_pull_request) with its token. The build modules' `nox-builder` and the machines'
+// `nox-agent` only fetch, and keep read (readall.ts).
+//
+// **Which repositories: the indexer's word, read over the bus.** mesh-delivery-indexer keeps every registered module in its
+// state `modules` (mesh-sdk go/delivery ModulesBucket), each value naming the repository it builds from. This module reads
+// that state (its manifest's `reads`) with a watch: the watch hands the latest value of every key when it starts, and then
+// every change, so a repository is granted at the module's start and when a module of it is first registered. Nothing
+// polls. A repository of the organisation needs nothing: the organisation's team writes it (tools-account.ts). Every other
+// repository of a user (the operator's dotfiles, say) is left as it is: read only.
+//
+// **Every grant is read back** from the forge (its permission for the account), and said on the bus as
+// `repo.writable` {owner, repo, account}: mesh-delivery-gate, which does not ask the operator's Approve of a pull request
+// whose merge the forge would refuse, reads that repository again on it.
+//
+// **A repository of a user is written, and main's rule is left as the operator set it** (the operator, 2026-10-26, asked
+// "Write, rule untouched"): the account is a write collaborator there, and only added to main's merge whitelist when that
+// rule keeps one (client.ts ensureMergerListed). What else in main's rule stops the mesh's merge (a status the mesh does not
+// set, approvals the gate does not give) is changed by nobody but said: both tools list such a repository as writable, but
+// blocked, with why (merge_blocked).
+//
+// Not taken away: a repository whose last module goes from the indexer keeps its collaborator until a hand removes it;
+// gitea_unwritable_repos and gitea_grant_write say the delivered list as it is now.
+
+import type { ForgeRepository } from "./client.js";
+import type { BranchProtection } from "./protection.js";
+import { CHECK_CONTEXT, CHECK_STATUS, REPO_CHECK_CONTEXT } from "./pulls.js";
+
+/** The indexer's state this module reads: one key per registered module, its value naming the repository. */
+export const INDEXER_MODULES = "mesh-delivery-indexer.modules";
+/** The event said once an account writes a repository it could not write before. */
+export const WRITABLE_EVENT = "repo.writable";
+
+/** What the module asks of the forge for this, with the site administrator's login (GiteaAdmin, client.ts). */
+export interface WriteForge {
+  everyRepository(): Promise<ForgeRepository[]>;
+  repository(owner: string, repo: string): Promise<ForgeRepository | null>;
+  repositoryPermission(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<string>;
+  addWriteCollaborator(owner: string, repo: string, user: string): Promise<void>;
+  mainRule(owner: string, repo: string): Promise<BranchProtection | null>;
+  ensureMergerListed(owner: string, repo: string, account: string): Promise<{ changed: boolean; rule: BranchProtection | null }>;
+}
+
+/** The statuses every pull request the mesh delivers carries (mesh-delivery's checks); a rule requiring another blocks. */
+const MESH_CONTEXTS = new Set([CHECK_STATUS, CHECK_CONTEXT, REPO_CHECK_CONTEXT]);
+
+/** What in main's rule stops the mesh's merge, in words; empty when nothing does. Changed by nobody here: the operator's. */
+export function mergeBlocks(rule: BranchProtection | null, account: string): string[] {
+  if (!rule) return [];
+  const blocks: string[] = [];
+  if (rule.enable_merge_whitelist === true && !(rule.merge_whitelist_usernames ?? []).includes(account)) {
+    blocks.push(`its merge whitelist [${(rule.merge_whitelist_usernames ?? []).join(", ")}] leaves out ${account} (gitea_grant_write adds it)`);
+  }
+  if (rule.enable_status_check === true) {
+    for (const c of rule.status_check_contexts ?? []) {
+      if (!MESH_CONTEXTS.has(c)) blocks.push(`it requires the status ${c}, which the mesh does not set`);
+    }
+  }
+  const approvals = Number(rule.required_approvals ?? 0);
+  if (approvals > 0) blocks.push(`it requires ${approvals} approving review${approvals === 1 ? "" : "s"} on the forge, which the gate does not give`);
+  if (rule.require_signed_commits === true) blocks.push("it requires signed commits, which the mesh does not make");
+  if (rule.block_on_outdated_branch === true) blocks.push("it refuses a branch behind main, which the mesh does not bring up to date");
+  if (rule.block_on_rejected_reviews === true) blocks.push("it refuses a merge after a review asked for changes, which the gate does not clear");
+  return blocks;
+}
+
+const blockedWhy = (blocks: string[]): string => `writable, but main's rule blocks the mesh's merge: ${blocks.join("; ")}`;
+
+/** One change of the indexer's modules state, as the SDK's state watch hands it. */
+export interface ModulesChange {
+  key: string;
+  op: "put" | "delete";
+  value?: unknown;
+  revision?: number;
+  current?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface Written {
+  account: string;
+  /** The repositories that build a registered module, as the indexer says now. */
+  delivered: string[];
+  /** Made writable now, each read back from the forge. */
+  granted: string[];
+  /** Written already (a collaborator of a user's repository), or written through the organisation's team. */
+  already: string[];
+  /** Each repository of a user: whether the account was added to main's merge whitelist now, and the whitelist read back
+   *  (null: main's rule keeps no whitelist, or there is no rule, and whoever writes may merge). */
+  merge_whitelist: { repository: string; changed: boolean; listed: string[] | null }[];
+  /** Writable, but main's rule (the operator's, left as set) stops the mesh's merge, and why. */
+  merge_blocked: { repository: string; why: string }[];
+  /** The forge refused, in its own words; or the repository is the organisation's, whose team should write it. */
+  refused: { repository: string; why: string }[];
+  /** Repositories the account cannot write that are left so, and why: they build no registered module. */
+  left_read_only: { repository: string; permission: string; why: string }[];
+}
+
+const WRITES = new Set(["write", "admin", "owner"]);
+const said = (err: unknown): string => (err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+
+function split(full: string): [string, string] {
+  const [owner, name, ...rest] = String(full ?? "").split("/");
+  if (!owner || !name || rest.length) throw new Error(`"${full}" is not a repository: say owner/name`);
+  return [owner, name];
+}
+
+export class DeliveredWrites {
+  /** Module to the repository it builds from, as the indexer's state says. */
+  readonly modules = new Map<string, string>();
+  /** Whether the watch has handed the indexer's state at all: until then, which repositories are delivered is not known. */
+  heard = false;
+  /** Repositories seen written by the account in this process: a module registered again asks nothing more. */
+  readonly writable = new Set<string>();
+
+  constructor(private readonly forge: WriteForge, readonly account: string, readonly org: string,
+    private readonly log: (line: string) => void = (l) => console.log(`[gitea] ${l}`),
+    private readonly emit: (type: string, body: unknown) => Promise<void> = async () => {}) {}
+
+  /** The repositories that build a registered module, sorted. */
+  delivered(): string[] {
+    return [...new Set(this.modules.values())].sort();
+  }
+
+  /** One change of the indexer's modules: a repository newly delivered is made writable now. Never throws. */
+  async take(change: ModulesChange): Promise<void> {
+    this.heard = true;
+    if (change.op === "delete") {
+      this.modules.delete(change.key);
+      return;
+    }
+    const repository = String((change.value as { repository?: unknown } | undefined)?.repository ?? "").trim();
+    try {
+      split(repository);
+    } catch {
+      this.log(`${INDEXER_MODULES} ${change.key} names no repository (${JSON.stringify(repository)}): no write is granted for it`);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.modules.set(change.key, repository);
+    if (this.writable.has(repository)) return;
+    try {
+      const r = await this.grant([repository]);
+      for (const g of r.granted) this.log(`${this.account} was given write on ${g}, which builds the registered module ${change.key}`);
+      for (const x of r.refused) this.log(`${this.account} could not be given write on ${x.repository}, which builds ${change.key} — ${x.why}`);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log(`whether ${this.account} writes ${repository} (module ${change.key}) could not be settled — ${said(err)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Grant write on every delivered repository the account cannot write (or on those named, each of which must be
+   *  delivered); with none named, also say which repositories it cannot write are left so, and why. */
+  async grant(only?: string[]): Promise<Written> {
+    if (!this.heard) {
+      throw new Error(`which repositories build a registered module is not known yet: ${INDEXER_MODULES} has not been read ` +
+        "(the watch is not granted or not answered); nothing is granted");
+    }
+    const delivered = this.delivered();
+    const result: Written = { account: this.account, delivered, granted: [], already: [], merge_whitelist: [], merge_blocked: [], refused: [], left_read_only: [] };
+    const named = only && only.length ? only.map((x) => String(x).trim()) : null;
+    const targets: string[] = [];
+    for (const full of named ?? delivered) {
+      split(full);
+      if (delivered.includes(full)) targets.push(full);
+      else result.left_read_only.push({ repository: full, permission: "unchanged",
+        why: "builds no registered module (the indexer names none from it), so the account is given no write there" });
+    }
+    for (const full of targets) {
+      const [owner, name] = split(full);
+      let permission: string;
+      try {
+        if (!(await this.forge.repository(owner, name))) {
+          result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: "the forge holds no repository by that name" });
+          continue;
+        }
+        permission = await this.forge.repositoryPermission(owner, name, this.account);
+      } catch (err) {
+        result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: `its permission could not be read — ${said(err)}` });
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (owner === this.org) {
+        if (WRITES.has(permission)) {
+          this.writable.add(full);
+          result.already.push(full);
+          continue;
+        }
+        // The organisation's repositories are written through its team (tools-account.ts), never a collaborator.
+        result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: `a repository of ${this.org}, which ${this.account} writes through the ` +
+          `team ${this.org}/${this.account}; the forge gives it "${permission}", so the team is not as it should be (it is ` +
+          "set again at the next mint of the tools' token)" });
+        continue;
+      }
+      // A repository of a user: the account writes it, and is put on main's merge whitelist when the rule keeps one.
+      let changed = false;
+      if (!WRITES.has(permission)) {
+        try {
+          await this.forge.addWriteCollaborator(owner, name, this.account);
+        } catch (err) {
+          result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: said(err) });
+          continue;
+        }
+        let after: string;
+        try {
+          after = await this.forge.repositoryPermission(owner, name, this.account);
+        } catch (err) {
+          result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: `granted, but its permission could not be read back — ${said(err)}` });
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!WRITES.has(after)) {
+          result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: `the grant was answered, but the forge still gives ${this.account} "${after}"` });
+          continue;
+        }
+        changed = true;
+      }
+      try {
+        const { changed: listedNow, rule } = await this.forge.ensureMergerListed(owner, name, this.account);
+        result.merge_whitelist.push({ repository: full, changed: listedNow,
+          listed: rule?.enable_merge_whitelist === true ? (rule.merge_whitelist_usernames ?? []) : null });
+        const blocks = mergeBlocks(rule, this.account);
+        if (blocks.length > 0) result.merge_blocked.push({ repository: full, why: blockedWhy(blocks) });
+      } catch (err) {
+        result.refused.push({ repository: full, why: `${this.account} writes it, but could not be put on main's merge whitelist — ${said(err)}` });
+        continue;
+      }
+      this.writable.add(full);
+      if (!changed) {
+        result.already.push(full);
+        continue;
+      }
+      result.granted.push(full);
+      await this.emit(WRITABLE_EVENT, { owner, repo: name, account: this.account }).catch((err) =>
+        this.log(`${this.account} writes ${full} now, and that could not be said on the bus — ${said(err)}`));
+    }
+    if (!named) {
+      for (const repo of await this.forge.everyRepository()) {
+        if (repo.owner === this.org || delivered.includes(repo.full_name)) continue;
+        let permission: string;
+        try {
+          permission = await this.forge.repositoryPermission(repo.owner, repo.name, this.account);
+        } catch (err) {
+          permission = `unknown — ${said(err)}`;
+        }
+        if (WRITES.has(permission)) continue;
+        result.left_read_only.push({ repository: repo.full_name, permission,
+          why: "builds no registered module (the indexer names none from it), so the account is given no write there" });
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Every delivered repository the account cannot write, as the forge says now, and why. */
+  async unwritable(): Promise<{ account: string; delivered: number; unwritable: { repository: string; permission: string; why: string }[];
+    merge_blocked: { repository: string; why: string }[] }> {
+    if (!this.heard) throw new Error(`which repositories build a registered module is not known yet: ${INDEXER_MODULES} has not been read`);
+    const delivered = this.delivered();
+    const out: { repository: string; permission: string; why: string }[] = [];
+    const blocked: { repository: string; why: string }[] = [];
+    for (const full of delivered) {
+      const [owner, name] = split(full);
+      let permission: string;
+      try {
+        permission = await this.forge.repositoryPermission(owner, name, this.account);
+      } catch (err) {
+        out.push({ repository: full, permission: "unknown", why: `the forge did not answer ${this.account}'s permission on it — ${said(err)}` });
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (WRITES.has(permission)) {
+        if (owner === this.org) continue; // the organisation's main rules are the mesh's own (mainrules.ts)
+        try {
+          const blocks = mergeBlocks(await this.forge.mainRule(owner, name), this.account);
+          if (blocks.length > 0) blocked.push({ repository: full, why: blockedWhy(blocks) });
+        } catch (err) {
+          blocked.push({ repository: full, why: `writable, but main's rule could not be read — ${said(err)}` });
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      const modules = [...this.modules].filter(([, r]) => r === full).map(([m]) => m).sort();
+      out.push({ repository: full, permission, why: `builds ${modules.join(", ")}, and the forge gives ${this.account} ` +
+        `"${permission}" on it: its commit status and its merge are refused until gitea_grant_write grants it` });
+    }
+    return { account: this.account, delivered: delivered.length, unwritable: out, merge_blocked: blocked };
+  }
+}
+
+type Tool = { name: string; description: string; input: Record<string, unknown>; run: (args: Readonly<Record<string, unknown>>) => Promise<unknown> };
+
+/** The two tools: which delivered repositories the merging account cannot write, and the grant now. */
+export function writeTools(writes: () => DeliveredWrites): Tool[] {
+  return [
+    {
+      name: "gitea_unwritable_repos",
+      description: "Every repository that builds a registered module (the indexer's modules, read over the bus) on which " +
+        "the mesh's merging forge account (mesh-tools, which sets commit statuses and merges) cannot write, with the " +
+        "permission the forge gives it there and why: such a pull request can be checked but never merged, and the " +
+        "delivery gate does not ask its Approve. Empty when it writes every one. Its merge_blocked lists each repository of " +
+        "a user it writes whose main's rule (the operator's, left as set) still stops the mesh's merge: a merge whitelist " +
+        "without it, a required status the mesh does not set, required approving reviews. Read with the site administrator's login.",
+      input: {},
+      run: async () => writes().unwritable(),
+    },
+    {
+      name: "gitea_grant_write",
+      description: "Give the mesh's merging forge account (mesh-tools) write, as a collaborator, on every repository of a " +
+        "user that builds a registered module, or on the repositories named (each must build one). Main's rule there is left " +
+        "as the operator set it; only when it keeps a merge whitelist is mesh-tools added to it, read back (merge_whitelist). " +
+        "What else in that rule stops the mesh's merge (a required status the mesh does not set, required approving reviews) " +
+        "is changed by nobody and said in merge_blocked. " +
+        "The module does this itself at its start and when a module of a new repository is registered; this is the same " +
+        "act by hand, such as when a merge or a commit status was refused 403. A repository of the organisation novox " +
+        "is written through its team and needs nothing. Answers what was granted (each read back from the forge), what " +
+        "was written already, what the forge refused in its own words, and which other repositories it left read-only " +
+        "and why (they build no registered module). Needs the site administrator's login, used for this grant alone.",
+      input: {
+        repositories: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" }, description: "owner/name of each repository; empty or absent, every delivered one" },
+      },
+      run: async (args) => writes().grant(Array.isArray(args.repositories) ? args.repositories.map(String) : undefined),
+    },
+  ];
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/asks.go

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ func (m *Module) askSteps(steps []StepTool) buildstep.AskSteps {
 			return delivery.ToolchainUsed{Version: installed, Recipe: m.Recipe.Version()}, nil
 		},
 		Kept:    m.KeptLookup,
+		Has:     m.Has,
 		Release: func(ws string) error { return m.spaces().Release(ws) },
 		Logf:    m.Say,
 	}
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ func (m *Module) Puller(steps []StepTool, source buildstep.AskSource) *buildstep
 		}
 	}
 	return &buildstep.Puller{Source: source, Language: delivery.AskGo, Node: m.Node, Put: m.Steps, PausePut: m.Pauses, Load: load,
-		Capacity: capacity, WatchConfig: watch, Logf: m.Say,
+		Capacity: capacity, WatchConfig: watch, Logf: m.Say, Has: m.Has,
 		Run: func(ctx context.Context, a delivery.StepAsk) (any, error) {
 			if err := m.Check(ctx); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -115,3 +116,11 @@ func (m *Module) Puller(steps []StepTool, source buildstep.AskSource) *buildstep
 func (m *Module) SeatTools(p *buildstep.Puller) []stdio.Tool {
 	return buildstep.SeatTools(Seat, "Go", p)
 }
+
+// StepEndTool ends one step left running (issue 1890); the module's steps state is the one it reads and writes.
+const StepEndTool = "build_go_step_end"
+
+// stepScan is the module's steps state as buildstep reads it.
+func (m *Module) stepScan() buildstep.Scan {
+	return buildstep.ScanOf(stdio.State(delivery.StepsState))
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/build.go

@@ -183,12 +183,12 @@ func (m *Module) buildEnv(dir string) []string {
 	} else if modfile, ok := m.pinModfile(dir); ok {
 		mod += " -modfile=" + modfile // a pin on a pull request's head the fetch placed beside the workspace (pins.go)
 	}
-	return []string{
+	return append([]string{
 		"CGO_ENABLED=0",
 		"GOFLAGS=" + recipeFlags + " " + mod,
 		"GOTOOLCHAIN=local",
 		"GOMODCACHE=" + filepath.Join(m.Cache, "gomod"),
 		"GOCACHE=" + filepath.Join(m.Cache, "gobuild"),
 		"GOPROXY=off",
-	}
+	}, m.threadEnv()...)
 }

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/candidate.go

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 )
 
 // The runners of a digest or test step: this installed program, or the candidate's compiled from the workspace.
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ func (m *Module) mergeCommit(ctx context.Context, workspace string) (string, err
 	r := m.Run(ctx, nil, "git", "-C", filepath.Join(m.Work, workspace, "tree"), "rev-parse", "HEAD")
 	commit := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stdout)
 	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" || commit == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("the workspace's commit: git rev-parse: %s", firstLine(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("the workspace's commit: git rev-parse: %s", forgekey.Said(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
 	}
 	return commit, nil
 }

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/cpu.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildcpu"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
+)
+
+// The processors a step may take (novox/hq ADR 0553, issue 1806). The node-engine holds this module's runtime, with
+// every other build module's of the node, in one slice at idle priority under the node's one share of its processors:
+// that quota bounds the total. Threads only size each step: the share the composer gives (buildstep.NodeLimits) over
+// this module's own capacity, so a step does not wait in the kernel's throttle. Without the composer's share there is
+// no slice to size a step to, and no thread limit is set.
+
+// cpuLimits is what one step is held to now.
+func (m *Module) cpuLimits() buildcpu.Limits {
+	slots := 1
+	switch {
+	case m.Capacity != nil:
+		slots = m.Capacity()
+	case m.Settings != "":
+		slots = buildstep.NodeCapacity(m.Settings, buildstep.DefaultCapacities, m.Node, nil)()
+	}
+	return buildstep.NodeLimits(slots)
+}
+
+// threadEnv is the environment (nothing without a share) every go command of a step is given for its threads: GOMAXPROCS sets its -p, the compiler's
+// concurrency, a test binary's processors and -parallel.
+func (m *Module) threadEnv() []string {
+	return buildcpu.Env(m.cpuLimits().Threads)
+}
+
+// cpuStatus is what the status tool says of it: the limits a step is given, and what the kernel holds this runtime
+// to (its unit and its slice), read from its cgroup rather than assumed.
+func (m *Module) cpuStatus() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{"limits": m.cpuLimits(), "in-force": buildcpu.ReadInForce()}
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/digest.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
 )
 
 // DigestVersion is the form of the digest's text: changed whenever what the digest hashes changes in kind.
@@ -39,6 +42,33 @@ const besideVariable = "MESH_CHECK_BESIDE"
 // test log) with each verdict.
 const ReadsOutsideMarker = "reads-outside"
 
+// NeedsMarker is the name of a file in a package's directory that names, one per line, what its integration tests need
+// of the node they run on (issue 890; mesh-sdk delivery.AskNeeds): `node-build-node` for tests that read the Node build
+// module's installed toolchain. The digest reports it (DigestResult.Needs); a check ask leaves such a package untested on
+// a node that lacks it, and the checker asks it again of a node that has it. A marker beside the tests, as
+// ReadsOutsideMarker is, and not a manifest field: it is a property of the package's tests, read only where they are
+// run, and the manifest describes the module on the machines. The unit level is never given anything of the node (ADR
+// 0533 §1), so a marker binds the integration level alone. Blank lines and lines starting with # are not read.
+const NeedsMarker = "check-needs"
+
+// readNeeds is what the marker in dir names; nil when there is none.
+func readNeeds(dir string) ([]string, error) {
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, NeedsMarker))
+	if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var needs []string
+	for _, l := range strings.Split(string(raw), "\n") {
+		if l = strings.TrimSpace(l); l != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(l, "#") {
+			needs = append(needs, l)
+		}
+	}
+	return needs, nil
+}
+
 // integrationTags are the build tags of the integration level, its run and its digest alike: integration, and isolation
 // for the bubblewrap proofs (mesh-sdk's and the build modules'), which a build node can run.
 var integrationTags = []string{"integration", "isolation"}
@@ -101,6 +131,8 @@ type DigestResult struct {
 	// ReadsOutside names the packages that carry the marker: each has a digest that no kept verdict can have (a fresh
 	// random one), so the check runs it every time.
 	ReadsOutside []string `json:"reads_outside,omitempty"`
+	// Needs are the packages whose tests at this level need something of the node, as their NeedsMarker names it.
+	Needs []delivery.PackageNeeds `json:"needs,omitempty"`
 	// JudgedBy is the program that ran the digest (ADR 0535 §5): "installed", or "candidate <merge commit>" under the
 	// runner workspace.
 	JudgedBy string `json:"judged_by,omitempty"`
@@ -206,12 +238,13 @@ func (m *Module) digestHere(ctx context.Context, workspace, level string) (Diges
 		if err != nil {
 			return DigestResult{}, err
 		}
-		if err := digestModule(&res, pkgs, tree, header, besideHeader); err != nil {
+		if err := digestModule(&res, pkgs, tree, header, besideHeader, level == LevelIntegration); err != nil {
 			return DigestResult{}, err
 		}
 	}
 	sort.Strings(res.WithoutTests)
 	sort.Strings(res.ReadsOutside)
+	sort.Slice(res.Needs, func(i, j int) bool { return res.Needs[i].Package < res.Needs[j].Package })
 	for _, p := range res.ReadsOutside {
 		if m.Say != nil {
 			m.Say("the %s level of %s always runs: its directory carries %s, so its tests read files outside it that no digest names", level, p, ReadsOutsideMarker)
@@ -256,7 +289,7 @@ func parsePackages(out string) (map[string]*goPackage, error) {
 
 // digestModule adds to res the digest of each root package of one go.mod directory. A root is a package of the main
 // module that is listed, not only a dependency, and not a variant of another.
-func digestModule(res *DigestResult, pkgs map[string]*goPackage, tree string, header, beside []string) error {
+func digestModule(res *DigestResult, pkgs map[string]*goPackage, tree string, header, beside []string, needs bool) error {
 	roots := []string{}
 	for path, p := range pkgs {
 		if p.ForTest == "" && !p.DepOnly && !p.Standard && !strings.HasSuffix(path, ".test") && p.Module != nil && p.Module.Main {
@@ -274,6 +307,15 @@ func digestModule(res *DigestResult, pkgs map[string]*goPackage, tree string, he
 		if testMain == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("go list gave no test binary for %s", path)
 		}
+		if needs {
+			n, err := readNeeds(root.Dir)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s: its %s: %w", path, NeedsMarker, err)
+			}
+			if len(n) > 0 {
+				res.Needs = append(res.Needs, delivery.PackageNeeds{Package: path, Needs: n})
+			}
+		}
 		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(root.Dir, ReadsOutsideMarker)); err == nil {
 			// The digest of a package that reads outside itself is one nothing can have kept: the key is a fresh random
 			// hex, so the ask finds no kept verdict and runs it, and what the checker writes under it is never read again.

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/digest_test.go

@@ -213,6 +213,16 @@ func TestAPackageWithTheReadsOutsideMarkerIsNeverKept(t *testing.T) {
 	if first.Packages[a] != plain.Packages[a] || first.Packages[a] != second.Packages[a] {
 		t.Errorf("a has no marker and its digest moved: %s, %s, before %s", first.Packages[a], second.Packages[a], plain.Packages[a])
 	}
+
+	// Issue 890/AC3: a package whose directory carries the needs marker is named with its needs at the integration level,
+	// comments and blank lines not read, and at the unit level not at all.
+	edit(t, tree, "a/"+NeedsMarker, "# its integration tests copy the installed Node toolchain\n\nnode-build-node\n")
+	if n := digests(t, m, LevelIntegration).Needs; len(n) != 1 || n[0].Package != a || strings.Join(n[0].Needs, ",") != "node-build-node" {
+		t.Errorf("the integration level's needs = %+v, want %s needing node-build-node", n, a)
+	}
+	if n := digests(t, m, LevelUnit).Needs; len(n) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("the unit level names needs: %+v", n)
+	}
 }
 
 // Issue 1935: a catalogue module's packages read ../../module.json and the module's files: a change to them changes the

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/fetch.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 )
 
 var commitOK = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9a-f]{40}$`)
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ func (m *Module) downloadAndVerify(ctx context.Context, dir, d string) error {
 func (m *Module) goModDirs(ctx context.Context, tree string) ([]string, error) {
 	r := m.Run(ctx, nil, "git", "-C", tree, "ls-files", "--", "go.mod", "*/go.mod")
 	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("git ls-files: %s", firstLine(r.Err+" "+r.Stderr))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("git ls-files: %s", forgekey.Said(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
 	}
 	dirs := []string{}
 	for _, l := range strings.Split(r.Stdout, "\n") {
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ func (m *Module) goEnv() []string {
 	if m.GoModCache != "" {
 		modcache = m.GoModCache
 	}
-	return []string{
+	return append([]string{
 		"GOTOOLCHAIN=local",
 		"GOFLAGS=-mod=mod",
 		"GOMODCACHE=" + modcache,
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ func (m *Module) goEnv() []string {
 		"GOPRIVATE=git.novox.be",
 		"GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0",
 		"GIT_SSH_COMMAND=ssh -o BatchMode=yes",
-	}
+	}, m.threadEnv()...)
 }
 
 // goEnvFor is goEnv for a command run in dir: a directory that vendors (vendor/modules.txt) is read from its vendor
@@ -331,10 +332,11 @@ func (m *Module) clock() time.Time {
 func (m *Module) now() time.Time { return m.clock() }
 
 // causeLine is the first line of a go command's output that says something other than Go's own progress: `go:
-// downloading ...` comes first when Go fetches a module, and the cause of a failure on a later line.
+// downloading ...` comes first when Go fetches a module, and `# <package>` heads a compile error of go build or go vet
+// (issue 1703: the reason said only the package), and the cause of a failure on a later line.
 func causeLine(s string) string {
 	for _, l := range strings.Split(s, "\n") {
-		if l = strings.TrimSpace(l); l != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(l, "go: downloading ") {
+		if l = strings.TrimSpace(l); l != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(l, "go: downloading ") && !strings.HasPrefix(l, "# ") {
 			return l
 		}
 	}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/fetch_test.go

@@ -302,3 +302,16 @@ func TestWorkAndCacheAreTheDirectoriesTheManifestPlacesOutsideTheHome(t *testing
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// issue 1703: a go command's reason is its cause, not Go's progress nor go build's `# <package>` heading.
+func TestCauseLineSkipsProgressAndThePackageHeading(t *testing.T) {
+	for in, want := range map[string]string{
+		"go: downloading x v1\n# git.example/m/cmd\n./main.go:3:2: undefined: y\n": "./main.go:3:2: undefined: y",
+		"\ngo: example.com/x@v1: reading: 404\n":                                   "go: example.com/x@v1: reading: 404",
+		"go: downloading x v1\n":                                                   "go: downloading x v1",
+	} {
+		if got := causeLine(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("causeLine(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/installed_toolchain_test.go

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildcpu"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/health"
@@ -28,6 +31,7 @@ func toolchainValues(env []string) []string {
 // 1572/AC1 (ADR 0477 §1): every environment a step gives its go commands says GOTOOLCHAIN=local, once, and names no
 // release.
 func TestEveryStepEnvironmentSaysGotoolchainLocal(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("MESH_BUILD_CPU_SHARE", "50")
 	m := &Module{Cache: t.TempDir()}
 	vend := t.TempDir()
 	os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(vend, "vendor"), 0o755)
@@ -41,6 +45,24 @@ func TestEveryStepEnvironmentSaysGotoolchainLocal(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := toolchainValues(env); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "GOTOOLCHAIN=local" {
 			t.Errorf("%s: GOTOOLCHAIN settings %v, want exactly GOTOOLCHAIN=local", name, got)
 		}
+		// Issue 1806: and its threads, its part of the node's processor cap (probeEnv runs no build).
+		if procs := strings.Count(strings.Join(env, "\n"), "GOMAXPROCS="); name != "probeEnv" && procs != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: GOMAXPROCS said %d times, want once: %v", name, procs, env)
+		}
+	}
+	// Without the composer's share no thread limit; with it, the share over its own three slots (ADR 0553 §4).
+	t.Setenv("MESH_BUILD_CPU_SHARE", "")
+	m = &Module{Cache: t.TempDir(), Node: "shanks", Capacity: func() int { return 3 }}
+	if l := m.cpuLimits(); l.Threads != 0 || strings.Contains(strings.Join(m.goEnv(), " "), "GOMAXPROCS=") {
+		t.Errorf("without the share: %+v, goEnv %v", l, m.goEnv())
+	}
+	t.Setenv("MESH_BUILD_CPU_SHARE", "50")
+	want := buildcpu.Threads(50, runtime.NumCPU(), 3)
+	if l := m.cpuLimits(); l.Slots != 3 || !strings.Contains(strings.Join(m.goEnv(), " "), "GOMAXPROCS="+strconv.Itoa(want)) {
+		t.Errorf("limits %+v, goEnv %v; want %d threads", l, m.goEnv(), want)
+	}
+	if st := m.cpuStatus(); st["limits"].(buildcpu.Limits) != m.cpuLimits() {
+		t.Errorf("the status says %v", st)
 	}
 }
 

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/isolate.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (m *Module) isolation(workspace string, write bool) buildstep.Isolation {
 		Workspace:   filepath.Join(m.Work, workspace),
 		Caches:      m.caches(),
 		WriteCaches: write,
-		Env:         []string{"PATH=" + path, "LC_ALL=C"},
+		Env:         append([]string{"PATH=" + path, "LC_ALL=C"}, m.threadEnv()...),
 	}
 }
 

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/level.go

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
 )
 
 // levelArg is the first argument that makes this binary a step's shut-off process: the integration level's, and, when
@@ -140,6 +142,49 @@ func (m *Module) nodeToolchains() []string {
 	return []string{dir}
 }
 
+// nodeToolchainMark is the file the Node build module writes in a toolchain directory once it is installed whole
+// (mesh-build-node toolchain.go installedMark).
+const nodeToolchainMark = ".installed"
+
+// Has says whether this node has a need a check ask or a package's tests name (issue 890, ADR 0552; mesh-sdk
+// delivery.AskNeeds), read from the node itself at every ask: node-build-node when the Node build module's toolchains
+// directory, given to the integration level as nodeToolchains gives it, holds a toolchain installed whole (its mark and
+// its package-lock.json readable by this account), and node, npm and bwrap are installed: what mesh-build-node's
+// integration tests (realMachine) look for before they run. Any other need it lacks.
+func (m *Module) Has(need string) bool {
+	if m.HasNeed != nil {
+		return m.HasNeed(need)
+	}
+	switch need {
+	case delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode:
+		dirs := m.nodeToolchains()
+		if len(dirs) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, p := range []string{"node", "npm", "bwrap"} {
+			if _, err := exec.LookPath(p); err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(dirs[0])
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, e := range entries {
+			dir := filepath.Join(dirs[0], e.Name())
+			if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, nodeToolchainMark)); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dir, "package-lock.json")); err == nil {
+				f.Close()
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func lastLine(s string) string {
 	lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(s), "\n")
 	return strings.TrimSpace(lines[len(lines)-1])

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/levels.go

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ type PackageResult struct {
 	Tests   int     `json:"tests"`
 	// NoTests is a package with no test files (at this level: a file with the other level's build tag is none).
 	NoTests bool `json:"no_tests,omitempty"`
+	// Skipped is how many of the package's tests skipped: a pass that skipped proved less than it says, so the checker keeps no verdict for it.
+	Skipped int `json:"skipped,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // TestTime is one test and the time it took.
@@ -227,6 +229,7 @@ func (r *reader) event(ev event) {
 			r.res.Tests++
 			if ev.Action == "skip" {
 				r.res.Skipped++
+				p.Skipped++
 			}
 			r.times = append(r.times, TestTime{Package: ev.Package, Test: ev.Test, Elapsed: ev.Elapsed})
 			if ev.Action == "fail" {

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/main.go

@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
@@ -70,7 +72,13 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	steps := m.StepTools()
+	booted := time.Now()
 	puller := m.Puller(steps, nil)
+	m.Held = puller
+	if m.Node != "" {
+		// A step a previous process left running is ended (issue 1890); this process's own steps start after booted.
+		go buildstep.EndStaleAtStart(ctx, m.stepScan(), m.Node, booted, logf)
+	}
 	if m.Node != "" {
 		// The seat's asks, pulled once Serve has the runtime's channel; a pull before it is said and tried again.
 		go func() { _ = puller.Pull(ctx) }()

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/mirror.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 )
 
 // mirrorLocks hold one mutex per mirror of this process; the lock file beside the mirror holds off another process.
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ func (m *Module) dissociate(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 		return nil // no mirror was used
 	}
 	if r := m.Run(ctx, []string{"GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0"}, "git", "-C", dir, "repack", "-a", "-d", "-q"); r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("git repack in %s: %s", dir, firstLine(r.Err+" "+r.Stderr))
+		return fmt.Errorf("git repack in %s: %s", dir, forgekey.Said(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
 	}
 	return os.Remove(alternates)
 }

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/mirror_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -121,20 +122,35 @@ func TestTwoUpdatesOfOneMirrorNeverRunAtOnce(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// A mirror that cannot be updated does not fail the fetch: the fetch goes on without it.
+// A mirror that cannot be updated does not fail the fetch: the fetch goes on without it, and the line saying so carries
+// git's own words. The forge's refusal of a repository its account cannot read came out as "git -C: error:" (ace,
+// 2026-10-26: git writes a bare "error:" line before the forge's message).
 func TestAMirrorThatCannotBeUpdatedLetsTheFetchGoOnWithoutIt(t *testing.T) {
 	f := &fakeStep{gomods: "go.mod\n"}
 	f.rule = func(line string) (r runAnswer, ok bool) {
 		if strings.Contains(line, "mirror") && strings.Contains(line, " fetch ") {
-			return runAnswer{Status: 1, Stderr: "fatal: no space left\n"}, true
+			return runAnswer{Status: 128, Stderr: "error: \nerror: User: 22:nox-builder with Key: 30:mesh:ace.mesh-build-go is not authorized to read jschoubben/car-hunter.\nerror: \nfatal: Could not read from remote repository.\n"}, true
 		}
 		return r, false
 	}
 	m, states := fetchModule(t, f)
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var said []string
+	m.Say = func(format string, a ...any) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		said = append(said, fmt.Sprintf(format, a...))
+	}
 	ws := fetchOnce(t, m, states, fetchArgs).Workspace
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(m.Work, ws, "tree", ".git", "objects", "info", "alternates")); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("the workspace borrows from a mirror that is not there")
 	}
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	all := strings.Join(said, "\n")
+	if !strings.Contains(all, "is not used: git fetch: error: User: 22:nox-builder with Key: 30:mesh:ace.mesh-build-go is not authorized to read jschoubben/car-hunter.; fatal: Could not read from remote repository.") {
+		t.Errorf("the mirror's line lost git's words:\n%s", all)
+	}
 }
 
 func sleepABit() { time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond) }

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/module.go

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ type Module struct {
 	// Toolchains and Steps are the Put of the states of those names.
 	Toolchains, Steps buildstep.Put
 	// ReadSteps and ReadToolchainsState read those two states back for the read tools (issue 1562).
+	// Held is the puller whose running asks a step-end tool will not end (issue 1890); nil in a test.
+	Held                           *buildstep.Puller
 	ReadSteps, ReadToolchainsState StateRead
 	// Pauses is the Put of the pauses state, which keeps the node's pause key without an age; ReadPauses reads it back.
 	Pauses     buildstep.Put
@@ -73,6 +75,8 @@ type Module struct {
 	// NodeToolchains is where the Node build module keeps its installed toolchains, bound read-only into the
 	// integration level (ADR 0533 §1); NodeToolchains when empty. A test points it elsewhere.
 	NodeToolchains string
+	// HasNeed answers Has in place of the node's own reading; a test's.
+	HasNeed func(need string) bool
 	// StartBus starts the throwaway bus of a run in dir and answers its address and what stops it (the module's own
 	// program, StartBus in bus.go, when nil).
 	StartBus func(ctx context.Context, dir string) (url string, stop func(), err error)
@@ -121,6 +125,7 @@ func (m *Module) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 			m.Say("the toolchain: %v", err)
 		}
 		m.CleanWorkspaces(time.Now())
+		buildstep.EndStaleRound(m.stepScan(), m.Node, m.Say) // asks past the step bound, on the module's own round (issue 1890)
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
@@ -184,13 +189,14 @@ func (m *Module) Short(run func(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any,
 }
 
 // Status is what the module reports of itself: the node, the recipe, the toolchain found and why it refuses, if it
-// does.
+// does, and the processors its steps may take (issue 1806).
 func (m *Module) Status(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
 	err := m.Check(ctx)
 	installed, _ := m.Probe(ctx)
 	out := map[string]any{
 		"node": m.Node, "recipe": m.Recipe.Version(), "installed": installed,
 		"postgres-major": m.Recipe.PostgresMajor, "nats-server": m.Recipe.NatsServer, "refusing": err != nil,
+		"cpu": m.cpuStatus(),
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		out["why"] = err.Error()

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/module_test.go

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func TestAGoThatCannotBeRunRefusesEveryStepAndHealthIsUnhealthy(t *testing.T) {
 		{Name: "short_probe", Run: run},
 	}, m.StepTools()...)
 	for _, tool := range m.Tools(steps) {
-		if tool.Name == StatusTool || tool.Name == HealthTool || tool.Name == StepReadTool || tool.Name == StepsReadTool || tool.Name == ToolchainsReadTool || tool.Name == ReleaseTool {
+		if tool.Name == StatusTool || tool.Name == HealthTool || tool.Name == StepReadTool || tool.Name == StepsReadTool || tool.Name == ToolchainsReadTool || tool.Name == ReleaseTool || tool.Name == StepEndTool {
 			continue
 		}
 		var reason string

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/node_toolchains_test.go

@@ -71,6 +71,47 @@ func TestANodeWithoutNodeToolchainsRunsTheLevelWithNothingMoreBound(t *testing.T
 	if slices.Contains(s.roBinds, missing) {
 		t.Errorf("a missing %s is bound: %v", missing, s.roBinds)
 	}
+
+	// Issue 890/AC4: such a node lacks node-build-node; one with an installed toolchain and node and npm has it; nothing
+	// else is had.
+	bin := t.TempDir()
+	for _, p := range []string{"node", "npm", "bwrap"} {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(bin, p), []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Setenv("PATH", bin)
+	m := &Module{NodeToolchains: missing}
+	if m.Has(delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode) {
+		t.Error("a node with no Node toolchain has node-build-node")
+	}
+	installed := t.TempDir()
+	m.NodeToolchains = installed
+	if m.Has(delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode) {
+		t.Error("a node with an empty toolchains directory has node-build-node")
+	}
+	half := filepath.Join(installed, "0.1.0")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(half, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(half, "package-lock.json"), []byte("{}"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if m.Has(delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode) {
+		t.Error("a toolchain without its installed mark counts")
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(half, nodeToolchainMark), nil, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !m.Has(delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode) || m.Has("gpu") {
+		t.Errorf("with a toolchain installed: node-build-node %v, gpu %v; want true, false", m.Has(delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode), m.Has("gpu"))
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(bin, "bwrap")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if m.Has(delivery.NeedNodeBuildNode) {
+		t.Error("a node with no bubblewrap installed has node-build-node")
+	}
 }
 
 // 1891 (ADR 0533 §1): the unit level is not given them.

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/package_cause_test.go

@@ -101,3 +101,25 @@ func TestALoggedPanicIsNotTheCause(t *testing.T) { // 1901/AC4
 		t.Errorf("1901/AC4: failures = %+v, want the timeout's panic as the cause", res.Failed)
 	}
 }
+
+// A package counts its own skipped tests, so the checker withholds a kept verdict from that package alone (issue 890).
+func TestEachPackageCountsItsOwnSkippedTests(t *testing.T) {
+	log := `{"Action":"run","Package":"m/a","Test":"TestA"}
+{"Action":"skip","Package":"m/a","Test":"TestA","Elapsed":0}
+{"Action":"run","Package":"m/b","Test":"TestB"}
+{"Action":"pass","Package":"m/b","Test":"TestB","Elapsed":0}
+{"Action":"pass","Package":"m/a","Elapsed":0}
+{"Action":"pass","Package":"m/b","Elapsed":0}
+`
+	res := &TestResult{}
+	rd := newReader(res, ".")
+	rd.read(log)
+	rd.finish()
+	got := map[string]int{}
+	for _, p := range res.Packages {
+		got[p.Package] = p.Skipped
+	}
+	if res.Skipped != 1 || got["m/a"] != 1 || got["m/b"] != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("skipped = %d, per package %v, want 1 with m/a 1 and m/b 0", res.Skipped, got)
+	}
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/pins.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 )
 
 const forgePrefix = "git.novox.be/novox/"
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ func (m *Module) placePin(ctx context.Context, root string, p pin, failure strin
 	repository := "novox/" + p.repo
 	r := m.Run(ctx, []string{"GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0"}, "git", "-c", "credential.helper=", "ls-remote", m.remote(repository), "refs/pull/*/head")
 	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("the pin of %s at commit %s: listing the pull requests of %s: %s", p.module, p.short, repository, firstLine(r.Err+" "+r.Stderr))
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("the pin of %s at commit %s: listing the pull requests of %s: %s", p.module, p.short, repository, forgekey.Said(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
 	}
 	commit, ref := "", ""
 	for _, l := range strings.Split(r.Stdout, "\n") {

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/read.go

@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ type StepLine struct {
 	Started string `json:"started"`
 	Ended   string `json:"ended,omitempty"`
 	Reason  string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+	What    string `json:"what,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RecentSteps are this node's steps, the latest started first, at most limit (ten when limit is not above zero). Only
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func (m *Module) RecentSteps(limit int) (lines []StepLine, cut bool, err error)
 	}
 	out := make([]StepLine, 0, len(steps))
 	for _, s := range steps {
-		l := StepLine{ID: s.ID, Tool: s.Tool, State: s.State, Started: s.Started.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"), Reason: s.Reason}
+		l := StepLine{ID: s.ID, Tool: s.Tool, State: s.State, Started: s.Started.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"), Reason: s.Reason, What: s.What}
 		if !s.Ended.IsZero() {
 			l.Ended = s.Ended.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z")
 		}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/read_test.go

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func TestStepsToolListsRecentStepsOfThisNode(t *testing.T) {
 	t0 := time.Date(2026, 10, 21, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "a", Tool: "build_go_fetch", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepPassed, Started: t0, Ended: t0, Result: json.RawMessage(`1`)})
 	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "b", Tool: "build_go_test", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepRunning, Started: t0.Add(time.Minute)})
-	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "c", Tool: "build_go_build", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepFailed, Started: t0.Add(2 * time.Minute), Reason: "boom"})
+	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "c", Tool: "build_go_build", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepFailed, Started: t0.Add(2 * time.Minute), Reason: "boom", What: "check ask, novox/x@abc"})
 	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "d", Tool: "build_go_build", Node: "g14", State: delivery.StepPassed, Started: t0.Add(time.Hour)})
 	m := readModule(steps, fakeState{})
 	out, err := tool(t, m, StepsReadTool)(map[string]any{})
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestStepsToolListsRecentStepsOfThisNode(t *testing.T) {
 	if !slices.Equal(ids, []string{"c", "b", "a"}) {
 		t.Errorf("ids = %v, want c b a", ids)
 	}
-	if lines[0].Reason != "boom" || lines[0].State != delivery.StepFailed {
+	if lines[0].Reason != "boom" || lines[0].What != "check ask, novox/x@abc" || lines[0].State != delivery.StepFailed {
 		t.Errorf("first = %+v", lines[0])
 	}
 	out, _ = tool(t, m, StepsReadTool)(map[string]any{"limit": float64(1)})

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/test_test.go

@@ -103,6 +103,33 @@ func TestUnitLevelNamesTheFailingTestAndFailsTheLevel(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Issue 1921: a fixture with a failing test in each of two packages: one level's run names both, each with its own
+// cause, and counts every test, the passing one beside a failure too. go test runs every package to its end; nothing
+// stops at the first failure.
+func TestUnitLevelNamesEveryFailingTestOfEveryPackage(t *testing.T) {
+	m, states, ws, calls := workspaceFor(t, "twofailing")
+	res, st := runUnit(t, m, states, ws)
+	if st.State != delivery.StepPassed || res.Passed {
+		t.Fatalf("step %s (%s), result %+v: want the step done and the level failed", st.State, st.Reason, res)
+	}
+	var got []string
+	for _, f := range res.Failed {
+		got = append(got, f.Package+"."+f.Test+": "+f.Cause)
+	}
+	want := []string{"fixture/twofailing/one.TestOneIsTwo: One() = 1, want 2", "fixture/twofailing/two.TestTwoIsThree: Two() = 2, want 3"}
+	if strings.Join(got, "\n") != strings.Join(want, "\n") {
+		t.Errorf("failed\n%s\nwant\n%s", strings.Join(got, "\n"), strings.Join(want, "\n"))
+	}
+	if res.Tests != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("%d tests counted, want 3", res.Tests)
+	}
+	for _, c := range *calls {
+		if strings.Contains(c.line, " test ") && strings.Contains(c.line, "-failfast") {
+			t.Errorf("go test ran with -failfast: %s", c.line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // 1290/AC2: a fixture whose tests take more than the bound (lowered by the module's option, not by waiting five
 // seconds): the level fails naming the bound and the slowest tests; under the real bound the same run passes.
 func TestUnitLevelOverItsBoundFailsNamingTheBoundAndTheSlowestTests(t *testing.T) {

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/captured/README

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 Each file is the standard output of `GOTOOLCHAIN=go1.27.1 GOFLAGS=-mod=mod go test -count=1 -json ./...` (go1.27.1)
 run in the fixture module of the same name under ../repos, captured on 2026-10-20 for issue 1290. The unit
-tests feed them to the parser through a fake runner, so no test here runs `go test`.
+tests feed them to the parser through a fake runner, so no test here runs `go test`. twofailing.json was captured the
+same way on 2026-10-24 for issue 1921: two packages with a failing test each, and a passing test beside one of them.
 
 golist-external.json is `GOTOOLCHAIN=go1.27.1 GOFLAGS=-mod=mod go list -json=ImportPath,Standard,DepOnly,Module
 git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep` run in this module (go1.27.1, 2026-10-20 for issue 1291): a package of a module

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/captured/twofailing.json

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.721718705+02:00","Action":"start","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723685152+02:00","Action":"run","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsTwo"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723726472+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsTwo","Output":"=== RUN   TestOneIsTwo\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723743682+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsTwo","Output":"    one_test.go:6: checking One\n"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723750622+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsTwo","Output":"    one_test.go:8: One() = 1, want 2\n","OutputType":"error"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723759302+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsTwo","Output":"--- FAIL: TestOneIsTwo (0.00s)\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723889303+02:00","Action":"start","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723762972+02:00","Action":"fail","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsTwo","Elapsed":0}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723952274+02:00","Action":"run","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsOne"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723955484+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsOne","Output":"=== RUN   TestOneIsOne\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723959304+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsOne","Output":"--- PASS: TestOneIsOne (0.00s)\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723964914+02:00","Action":"pass","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Test":"TestOneIsOne","Elapsed":0}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.723967704+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Output":"FAIL\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.724225126+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Output":"FAIL\tfixture/twofailing/one\t0.002s\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.724231936+02:00","Action":"fail","Package":"fixture/twofailing/one","Elapsed":0.003}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.725752949+02:00","Action":"run","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Test":"TestTwoIsThree"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.725796309+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Test":"TestTwoIsThree","Output":"=== RUN   TestTwoIsThree\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.725808239+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Test":"TestTwoIsThree","Output":"    two_test.go:7: Two() = 2, want 3\n","OutputType":"error"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.72581671+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Test":"TestTwoIsThree","Output":"--- FAIL: TestTwoIsThree (0.00s)\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.72582026+02:00","Action":"fail","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Test":"TestTwoIsThree","Elapsed":0}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.72582549+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Output":"FAIL\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.726319344+02:00","Action":"output","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Output":"FAIL\tfixture/twofailing/two\t0.002s\n","OutputType":"frame"}
+{"Time":"2026-10-24T23:45:37.726362544+02:00","Action":"fail","Package":"fixture/twofailing/two","Elapsed":0.002}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/repos/twofailing/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module fixture/twofailing
+
+go 1.25.0

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/repos/twofailing/one/one.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package one
+
+func One() int { return 1 }

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/repos/twofailing/one/one_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package one
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestOneIsTwo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Log("checking One")
+	if One() != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("One() = %d, want 2", One())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOneIsOne(t *testing.T) {
+	if One() != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("one")
+	}
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/repos/twofailing/two/two.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package two
+
+func Two() int { return 2 }

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/testdata/repos/twofailing/two/two_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package two
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestTwoIsThree(t *testing.T) {
+	if Two() != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("Two() = %d, want 3", Two())
+	}
+}

modules/mesh-build-go/cmd/mesh-build-go/tools.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 
 	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
 )
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ func (m *Module) Tools(steps []StepTool) []stdio.Tool {
 		tools = append(tools, t)
 	}
 	tools = append(tools, m.ReadTools()...)
+	tools = append(tools, buildstep.StepEndTool(StepEndTool, m.Node, m.stepScan(), m.Held))
 	tools = append(tools, m.releaseTool())
 	return append(tools,
 		stdio.Tool{Name: StatusTool,

modules/mesh-build-go/go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module meshbuildgo
 go 1.26.0
 
 require (
-	git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8
+	git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f
 	github.com/distribution/distribution/v3 v3.1.2
 	github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2 v2.11.17
 	github.com/nats-io/nats.go v1.54.0

modules/mesh-build-go/go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8 h1:x4mvY7yiGTP5lnzxbiwyj1o24p05hAmzZP7xHg3XX2M=
-git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8/go.mod h1:ouERNpZizzwZ0HLEtAypsY9FR20FyUgUYRni6J7kVCY=
+git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f h1:GYLCvz2x+JNUOTbXzyh2QwzX0sTzvRlXR7lGocWjk3A=
+git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f/go.mod h1:ouERNpZizzwZ0HLEtAypsY9FR20FyUgUYRni6J7kVCY=
 github.com/alicebob/miniredis/v2 v2.35.0 h1:QwLphYqCEAo1eu1TqPRN2jgVMPBweeQcR21jeqDCONI=
 github.com/alicebob/miniredis/v2 v2.35.0/go.mod h1:TcL7YfarKPGDAthEtl5NBeHZfeUQj6OXMm/+iu5cLMM=
 github.com/antithesishq/antithesis-sdk-go v0.7.0-default-no-op h1:Z/MZK75wC/NSrkgqeNIa7jexam9uWzhLmFTSCPI/kn0=

modules/mesh-build-go/module.json

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     "build_go_release",
     "build_go_step",
     "build_go_steps",
+    "build_go_step_end",
     "build_go_toolchains",
     "build_go_status",
     "build_go_health"

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/asks.go

@@ -66,3 +66,11 @@ func (m *Module) Puller(steps []StepTool, source buildstep.AskSource) *buildstep
 func (m *Module) SeatTools(p *buildstep.Puller) []stdio.Tool {
 	return buildstep.SeatTools(Seat, "image", p)
 }
+
+// StepEndTool ends one step left running (issue 1890); the module's steps state is the one it reads and writes.
+const StepEndTool = "build_image_step_end"
+
+// stepScan is the module's steps state as buildstep reads it.
+func (m *Module) stepScan() buildstep.Scan {
+	return buildstep.ScanOf(stdio.State(delivery.StepsState))
+}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/build.go

@@ -155,14 +155,18 @@ func (m *Module) build(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, error) {
 	}
 
 	local := localName(workspace, manifest.Module, art.Name)
-	argv := append(m.storeFlags(), "bud", "--isolation", "oci", "--tag", local, "--file", dockerfile)
+	// --network pasta: a RUN step's network is pasta's, in user space. buildah's default for a rootless RUN is a
+	// netavark bridge whose nftables rules cannot be applied for an account without a user session, so every RUN
+	// failed before it started ("setup network: netavark: nftables error"; issue 1703, reproduced with buildah 1.45.2).
+	argv := append(m.storeFlags(), "bud", "--isolation", "oci", "--network", "pasta", "--tag", local, "--file", dockerfile)
 	if art.Target != "" {
 		argv = append(argv, "--target", art.Target)
 	}
 	argv = append(argv, imageArgs(manifest)...)
 	argv = append(argv, contextDir)
 	if r := m.Run(ctx, m.env(), "buildah", argv...); r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("buildah bud of %s: %s", art.Name, lastLine(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr+"\n"+r.Stdout))
+		m.sayFailure("buildah bud of "+art.Name+" of "+manifest.Module, r)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("buildah bud of %s: %s", art.Name, cause(r))
 	}
 	defer m.remove(local)
 	digest, err := m.localDigest(ctx, local)
@@ -204,8 +208,11 @@ func localName(workspace, module, artifact string) string {
 func (m *Module) localDigest(ctx context.Context, name string) (string, error) {
 	r := m.Run(ctx, m.env(), "buildah", append(m.storeFlags(), "images", "--no-trunc", "--format", "{{.Digest}}", name)...)
 	digest := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stdout)
-	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" || !digestOK.MatchString(digest) {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("the digest of the image %s could not be read: %s", name, lastLine(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr+"\n"+r.Stdout))
+	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("the digest of the image %s could not be read: %s", name, cause(r))
+	}
+	if !digestOK.MatchString(digest) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("the digest of the image %s could not be read: buildah images answered %q, not a digest", name, cutFront(digest, CauseBytes))
 	}
 	return digest, nil
 }
@@ -216,17 +223,6 @@ var digestOK = regexp.MustCompile(`^sha256:[0-9a-f]{64}$`)
 func (m *Module) remove(name string) {
 	r := m.Run(m.Ctx, m.env(), "buildah", append(m.storeFlags(), "rmi", "--force", name)...)
 	if (r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "") && m.Say != nil {
-		m.Say("the image %s could not be removed from the store: %s", name, lastLine(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
+		m.Say("the image %s could not be removed from the store: %s", name, cause(r))
 	}
 }
-
-// lastLine is the last line of a command's output that says something: buildah's error is its last line.
-func lastLine(s string) string {
-	lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
-	for i := len(lines) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if l := strings.TrimSpace(lines[i]); l != "" {
-			return l
-		}
-	}
-	return ""
-}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/build_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ func setup(t *testing.T, edit func(string) string) (*Module, *fake, *keptStates)
 // Dockerfile of the module's own directory and that directory as the context, the target, the pinned base as a build
 // argument; no mount, no credential file, a runtime directory of its own, and it answers the image's digest.
 func TestBuildRunsBuildahRootlessAndAnswersTheDigest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("MESH_BUILD_CPU_SHARE", "50") // the composer's share (ADR 0553): buildah is given its threads
 	m, f, states := setup(t, same)
 	res, st := runBuild(t, m, states, nil)
 	if st.State != delivery.StepPassed {
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ func TestBuildRunsBuildahRootlessAndAnswersTheDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	dir := filepath.Join(m.Work, "ws1", "tree", "modules", "demo")
 	for _, want := range []string{
-		"--root " + m.Store + "/root", "--runroot " + m.Store + "/run", "--isolation oci",
+		"--root " + m.Store + "/root", "--runroot " + m.Store + "/run", "--isolation oci", "--network pasta",
 		"--file " + dir + "/Dockerfile", "--target final",
 		"--build-arg DEMO_BASE=docker.io/library/busybox@sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
 	} {
@@ -110,6 +112,9 @@ func TestBuildRunsBuildahRootlessAndAnswersTheDigest(t *testing.T) {
 		if !strings.Contains(env, "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="+m.Store+"/xdg") {
 			t.Errorf("the environment of %q lacks the module's own runtime directory: %s", c.line, env)
 		}
+		if !strings.Contains(env, "GOMAXPROCS=") {
+			t.Errorf("the environment of %q gives buildah no thread limit under a share (ADR 0553): %s", c.line, env)
+		}
 	}
 	// The image is removed from the store once the digest is read, so the store does not grow with every build.
 	if len(f.called("rmi")) != 1 {
@@ -117,16 +122,50 @@ func TestBuildRunsBuildahRootlessAndAnswersTheDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// 1703c: a failing Dockerfile step fails the step, saying buildah's last line.
-func TestBuildFailsWithBuildahsLastLine(t *testing.T) {
-	m, f, states := setup(t, same)
-	f.failBud = "Error: building at STEP \"RUN false\": exit status 1"
-	_, st := runBuild(t, m, states, nil)
-	if st.State != delivery.StepFailed || !strings.Contains(st.Reason, `STEP "RUN false"`) {
-		t.Errorf("step = %+v", st)
+// 1703c, issue 1703: a failing Dockerfile step fails the step, its reason saying buildah's error from stderr, never the
+// last STEP line buildah writes on stdout; nothing is pushed.
+func TestBuildFailsWithBuildahsError(t *testing.T) {
+	steps := "STEP 1/3: FROM docker.io/library/alpine\nSTEP 2/3: RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates\nfetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/x\n"
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 2*CauseBytes)
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		ran     forgekey.Ran
+		want    []string
+		wantNot []string
+	}{
+		"buildah's RUN failure": {forgekey.Ran{Status: 1, Stdout: steps + "STEP 3/3: COPY . /app\n",
+			Stderr: "error running container: from /usr/bin/crun creating container for [/bin/sh -c apk add]: sd-bus call: Interactive authentication required.\nError: building at STEP \"RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates\": while running runtime: exit status 1\n"},
+			[]string{"exit status 1", "Interactive authentication required", `building at STEP "RUN apk add`}, []string{"STEP 3/3", "COPY"}},
+		"a failed RUN": {forgekey.Ran{Status: 1, Stdout: steps, Stderr: "Error: building at STEP \"RUN false\": exit status 1\n"},
+			[]string{`STEP "RUN false"`}, []string{"dl-cdn"}},
+		"a long stderr is bounded, its end kept": {forgekey.Ran{Status: 125, Stdout: steps, Stderr: "early noise\n" + long + "\nError: the end\n"},
+			[]string{"Error: the end"}, []string{"early noise", long}},
+		"nothing on stderr": {forgekey.Ran{Status: 2, Stdout: steps}, []string{"exit status 2", "nothing on stderr", "dl-cdn"}, nil},
+		"never ran":         {forgekey.Ran{Err: "ENOENT"}, []string{"ENOENT", "wrote nothing"}, nil},
 	}
-	if len(f.called("push")) != 0 {
-		t.Error("a failed build pushed")
+	for name, c := range cases {
+		m, f, states := setup(t, same)
+		f.failBud = c.ran
+		_, st := runBuild(t, m, states, nil)
+		if st.State != delivery.StepFailed {
+			t.Errorf("%s: step = %+v, want failed", name, st)
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, w := range c.want {
+			if !strings.Contains(st.Reason, w) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: the reason %q lacks %q", name, st.Reason, w)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, w := range c.wantNot {
+			if strings.Contains(st.Reason, w) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: the reason %q carries %q", name, st.Reason, w)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(st.Reason) > CauseBytes+200 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: the reason is %d bytes, more than its bound", name, len(st.Reason))
+		}
+		if len(f.called("push")) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: a failed build pushed", name)
+		}
 	}
 }
 

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/cause.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package main
+
+// Why a command failed, as the command said it (issue 1703). buildah writes its progress (STEP n/m, the RUN's own
+// output) on stdout and its error on stderr, so the last line of both together is a STEP line and hides the error:
+// a failure's reason is stderr's last lines, never stdout's, and the whole tail of stderr is said in the journal.
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
+)
+
+// CauseBytes bounds what a failure's reason carries of the command's output; TailBytes bounds what the journal gets.
+const (
+	CauseBytes = 600
+	TailBytes  = 4096
+)
+
+// cause says why a command failed: its exit status (or why it never ran to one) and the last lines it wrote on stderr,
+// at most CauseBytes of them, joined with " | ". Only when stderr is empty does stdout's tail stand in, said as such.
+func cause(r forgekey.Ran) string {
+	head := exitOf(r)
+	if said := tailLines(r.Stderr, CauseBytes, " | "); said != "" {
+		return head + ": " + said
+	}
+	if said := tailLines(r.Stdout, CauseBytes, " | "); said != "" {
+		return head + ", nothing on stderr; stdout ends: " + said
+	}
+	return head + ", and it wrote nothing"
+}
+
+// exitOf is how a command ended: why it never ran to an exit status, or the status.
+func exitOf(r forgekey.Ran) string {
+	if r.Err != "" {
+		return r.Err
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("exit status %d", r.Status)
+}
+
+// tailLines is the last non-empty lines of s, trimmed, joined with sep, at most max bytes: the lines are taken whole
+// from the end while they fit, and when even the last one does not, its end is kept behind "…".
+func tailLines(s string, max int, sep string) string {
+	var lines []string
+	for _, l := range strings.Split(s, "\n") {
+		if l = strings.TrimSpace(l); l != "" {
+			lines = append(lines, l)
+		}
+	}
+	var keep []string
+	n := 0
+	for i := len(lines) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		add := len(lines[i])
+		if len(keep) > 0 {
+			add += len(sep)
+		}
+		if n+add > max {
+			if len(keep) == 0 {
+				keep = append(keep, "…"+cutFront(lines[i], max-len("…")))
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		keep = append([]string{lines[i]}, keep...)
+		n += add
+	}
+	return strings.Join(keep, sep)
+}
+
+// cutFront is the last at most max bytes of s, starting on a whole character.
+func cutFront(s string, max int) string {
+	if max <= 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(s) <= max {
+		return s
+	}
+	s = s[len(s)-max:]
+	for len(s) > 0 && !utf8.RuneStart(s[0]) {
+		s = s[1:]
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// sayFailure writes the tail of a failed command's stderr (and of its stdout, where buildah's RUN output goes) to the
+// journal, so what the reason had to leave out can still be read there.
+func (m *Module) sayFailure(what string, r forgekey.Ran) {
+	m.say("%s failed (%s); stderr ends:\n%s\nstdout ends:\n%s", what, exitOf(r),
+		tailLines(r.Stderr, TailBytes, "\n"), tailLines(r.Stdout, TailBytes, "\n"))
+}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/cpu.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildcpu"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
+)
+
+// The processors a step may take (novox/hq ADR 0553, issue 1806). The node-engine holds this module's runtime, with
+// every other build module's of the node, in one slice at idle priority under the node's one share of its processors:
+// that quota bounds the total. Threads only size each step: the share the composer gives (buildstep.NodeLimits) over
+// this module's own capacity, so a step does not wait in the kernel's throttle. Without the composer's share there is
+// no slice to size a step to, and no thread limit is set.
+
+// cpuLimits is what one step is held to now.
+func (m *Module) cpuLimits() buildcpu.Limits {
+	slots := 1
+	switch {
+	case m.Capacity != nil:
+		slots = m.Capacity()
+	case m.Settings != "":
+		slots = buildstep.NodeCapacity(m.Settings, buildstep.DefaultCapacities, m.Node, nil)()
+	}
+	return buildstep.NodeLimits(slots)
+}
+
+// threadEnv is the environment (nothing without a share) buildah is given for its threads (it is a Go program). What a build's RUN lines start
+// runs in the container's own environment, inside the runtime's cgroup: the slice's quota and the nice level bind it.
+func (m *Module) threadEnv() []string {
+	return buildcpu.Env(m.cpuLimits().Threads)
+}
+
+// cpuStatus is what the status tool says of it: the limits a step is given, and what the kernel holds this runtime
+// to (its unit and its slice), read from its cgroup rather than assumed.
+func (m *Module) cpuStatus() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{"limits": m.cpuLimits(), "in-force": buildcpu.ReadInForce()}
+}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/helpers_test.go

@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ type fake struct {
 	calls   []cmdRecord
 	digest  string // what `buildah images` prints
 	pushes  int
-	refuse  int // the first n pushes answer "connection refused"
-	failBud string
+	refuse  int          // the first n pushes answer "connection refused"
+	failBud forgekey.Ran // what a failing buildah bud answers; a zero Status is a passing bud
 	// digestFile: "" writes the digest, "none" writes no file, "empty" writes an empty one.
 	digestFile string
 	// registry: repository:tag -> digest
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ func (f *fake) run(ctx context.Context, env []string, name string, args ...strin
 	case name == "buildah" && strings.Contains(line, "--version"):
 		return forgekey.Ran{Stdout: "buildah version 1.45.1 (image-spec 1.1.0, runtime-spec 1.1.0)\n"}
 	case name == "buildah" && strings.Contains(line, " bud "):
-		if f.failBud != "" {
-			return forgekey.Ran{Status: 1, Stderr: "STEP 1/2: FROM x\n" + f.failBud + "\n"}
+		if f.failBud.Status != 0 || f.failBud.Err != "" {
+			return f.failBud
 		}
 	case name == "buildah" && strings.Contains(line, " images "):
 		return forgekey.Ran{Stdout: f.digest + "\n"}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/integration_test.go

@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ func TestARealBuildIsRootlessWithNoSocketAndNoWayOut(t *testing.T) {
 	imageModule(t, m, "FROM "+base+"\nRUN echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger\n", nil)
 	if _, st := buildReal(t, m, states); st.State != delivery.StepFailed {
 		t.Errorf("a write to the host's /proc/sysrq-trigger passed: %+v", st)
+	} else if strings.Contains(st.Reason, "setup network") {
+		t.Errorf("the RUN never started, so the write was not what failed (issue 1703): %s", st.Reason)
 	}
 }
 

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/main.go

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
@@ -57,7 +59,13 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	steps := m.StepTools()
+	booted := time.Now()
 	puller := m.Puller(steps, nil)
+	m.Held = puller
+	if m.Node != "" {
+		// A step a previous process left running is ended (issue 1890); this process's own steps start after booted.
+		go buildstep.EndStaleAtStart(ctx, m.stepScan(), m.Node, booted, logf)
+	}
 	if m.Node != "" {
 		// The seat's asks, pulled once Serve has the runtime's channel; a pull before it is said and tried again.
 		go func() { _ = puller.Pull(ctx) }()

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/module.go

@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ type Module struct {
 	// Account and UID are the account the module runs as; Home is its home.
 	Account, UID, Home string
 	// Steps is the Put of the steps state; ReadSteps reads it back for the read tools.
-	Steps     buildstep.Put
+	Steps buildstep.Put
+	// Held is the puller whose running asks a step-end tool will not end (issue 1890); nil in a test.
+	Held      *buildstep.Puller
 	ReadSteps StateRead
 	// Pauses is the Put of the pauses state, which keeps the node's pause key without an age; ReadPauses reads it back.
 	Pauses     buildstep.Put
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@ func (m *Module) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 			m.Say("this machine cannot build images: %v", err)
 		}
 		m.CleanWorkspaces(m.clock())
+		buildstep.EndStaleRound(m.stepScan(), m.Node, m.Say) // asks past the step bound, on the module's own round (issue 1890)
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
@@ -128,7 +131,8 @@ func (m *Module) Health(ctx context.Context) health.Answer {
 // Status is what the module reports of itself.
 func (m *Module) Status(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
 	l, err := m.look(ctx)
-	out := map[string]any{"node": m.Node, "account": m.Account, "buildah": l.Buildah, "subuids": l.UIDs, "subgids": l.GIDs, "refusing": err != nil}
+	out := map[string]any{"node": m.Node, "account": m.Account, "buildah": l.Buildah, "subuids": l.UIDs, "subgids": l.GIDs, "refusing": err != nil,
+		"cpu": m.cpuStatus()}
 	if err != nil {
 		out["why"] = err.Error()
 	}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/probe.go

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (m *Module) storeFlags() []string {
 // error, and the next look refuses with it.
 func (m *Module) env() []string {
 	_ = m.ensureRuntimeDir()
-	return []string{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=" + m.runtimeDir()}
+	return append([]string{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=" + m.runtimeDir()}, m.threadEnv()...)
 }
 
 // runtimeDir is buildah's runtime directory, inside the store.

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/push.go

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 )
 
 // RegistryWait is how long a call waits for a registry that refuses connections, longer than the nightly collection
@@ -47,13 +49,15 @@ func (m *Module) push(ctx context.Context, workspace, module, local string, res
 	dest := addr + "/" + repository + ":" + tag
 	digestFile := filepath.Join(m.Work, workspace, "pushed."+tag)
 	argv := append(m.storeFlags(), "push", "--tls-verify=false", "--digestfile", digestFile, local, "docker://"+dest)
+	var last forgekey.Ran
 	if err := m.waitForRegistry(ctx, addr, "buildah push "+dest, func() error {
-		r := m.Run(ctx, m.env(), "buildah", argv...)
-		if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
-			return errors.New(lastLine(r.Err + "\n" + r.Stderr + "\n" + r.Stdout))
+		last = m.Run(ctx, m.env(), "buildah", argv...)
+		if last.Status != 0 || last.Err != "" {
+			return errors.New(cause(last))
 		}
 		return nil
 	}); err != nil {
+		m.sayFailure("buildah push "+dest, last)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pushing %s: %w", dest, err)
 	}
 	var served string

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/read.go

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ type StepLine struct {
 	Started string `json:"started"`
 	Ended   string `json:"ended,omitempty"`
 	Reason  string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+	What    string `json:"what,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RecentSteps are this node's steps, the latest started first, at most limit (ten when limit is not above zero). Only
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ func (m *Module) RecentSteps(limit int) (lines []StepLine, cut bool, err error)
 	}
 	out := make([]StepLine, 0, len(steps))
 	for _, s := range steps {
-		l := StepLine{ID: s.ID, Tool: s.Tool, State: s.State, Started: s.Started.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"), Reason: s.Reason}
+		l := StepLine{ID: s.ID, Tool: s.Tool, State: s.State, Started: s.Started.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"), Reason: s.Reason, What: s.What}
 		if !s.Ended.IsZero() {
 			l.Ended = s.Ended.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z")
 		}

modules/mesh-build-image/cmd/mesh-build-image/tools.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 
 	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
 )
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ func (m *Module) Tools(steps []StepTool) []stdio.Tool {
 		tools = append(tools, t)
 	}
 	tools = append(tools, m.ReadTools()...)
+	tools = append(tools, buildstep.StepEndTool(StepEndTool, m.Node, m.stepScan(), m.Held))
 	tools = append(tools, m.releaseTool())
 	return append(tools,
 		stdio.Tool{Name: StatusTool,

modules/mesh-build-image/go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module meshbuildimage
 go 1.26.0
 
 require (
-	git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8
+	git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f
 	github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2 v2.11.17
 	github.com/nats-io/nats.go v1.54.0
 )

modules/mesh-build-image/go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8 h1:x4mvY7yiGTP5lnzxbiwyj1o24p05hAmzZP7xHg3XX2M=
-git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8/go.mod h1:ouERNpZizzwZ0HLEtAypsY9FR20FyUgUYRni6J7kVCY=
+git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f h1:GYLCvz2x+JNUOTbXzyh2QwzX0sTzvRlXR7lGocWjk3A=
+git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f/go.mod h1:ouERNpZizzwZ0HLEtAypsY9FR20FyUgUYRni6J7kVCY=
 github.com/antithesishq/antithesis-sdk-go v0.7.0-default-no-op h1:Z/MZK75wC/NSrkgqeNIa7jexam9uWzhLmFTSCPI/kn0=
 github.com/antithesishq/antithesis-sdk-go v0.7.0-default-no-op/go.mod h1:FQyySiasQQM8735Ddel3MRojmy4dA1IqCeyJ5jmPMbI=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 h1:slArAR9Ft+1ybZu0lBwpSmpwhRXaa85hWtMinMyRAWo=

modules/mesh-build-image/module.json

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     "build_image_release",
     "build_image_step",
     "build_image_steps",
+    "build_image_step_end",
     "build_image_status",
     "build_image_health"
   ],

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/asks.go

@@ -74,3 +74,11 @@ func (m *Module) Puller(steps []StepTool, source buildstep.AskSource) *buildstep
 func (m *Module) SeatTools(p *buildstep.Puller) []stdio.Tool {
 	return buildstep.SeatTools(Seat, "Node", p)
 }
+
+// StepEndTool ends one step left running (issue 1890); the module's steps state is the one it reads and writes.
+const StepEndTool = "build_node_step_end"
+
+// stepScan is the module's steps state as buildstep reads it.
+func (m *Module) stepScan() buildstep.Scan {
+	return buildstep.ScanOf(stdio.State(delivery.StepsState))
+}

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/build_integration_test.go

@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ import (
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/forgekey"
 )
 
-// realMachine gives the tests the real toolchain of the module's own lock and makes two workspaces holding one fixture
-// bundle. The toolchain is the one this node's installed Node build module keeps (ADR 0533 §1): the integration level
-// is given its toolchains read-only and no network, so it is copied into the test's own cache from there. Only where
-// no toolchain is installed (a desk) is it installed with `npm ci --ignore-scripts` from the mesh's registry, as the
-// module does, which needs the network.
+// realMachine gives the tests the real toolchain of the module's own lock and makes three workspaces holding one fixture
+// bundle. The toolchain is the one this node's installed Node build module keeps (ADR 0533 §1), copied into the test's
+// own cache: the integration level is given its toolchains read-only and no network, so it is never installed from the
+// registry here. Where no Node build module has installed one (a node without it, a desk), the test is skipped by
+// name: an install from the public registry inside a shut-off level only fails, after 70 s of npm's retries.
 func realMachine(t *testing.T) (*Module, string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	for _, p := range []string{"node", "npm", "bwrap"} { // bwrap: tsc, esbuild and the scripts run shut off (1309)
@@ -44,16 +44,19 @@ func realMachine(t *testing.T) (*Module, string) {
 	run := forgekey.ExecRunnerFor(0)
 	m := &Module{Node: "ace", Recipe: lock, Work: work, Run: run, Ctx: context.Background(),
 		Toolchain: &Toolchain{Paths: Paths{Home: home, Cache: cache}, Run: run, Registry: func() (Registry, error) {
-			return Registry{URL: "https://git.novox.be/api/packages/novox/npm/"}, nil
+			return Registry{}, fmt.Errorf("the integration test installs no toolchain from a registry: it has no network")
 		}}}
 	withStore(t, m)
-	if from := installedToolchain(t, filepath.Join(CacheDir, "toolchain"), filepath.Join(home, "toolchain", "package-lock.json")); from != "" {
-		copyToolchain(t, from, m.Toolchain.Paths.Dir(m.Recipe.Version()))
+	from := installedToolchain(t, filepath.Join(CacheDir, "toolchain"), filepath.Join(home, "toolchain", "package-lock.json"))
+	if from == "" {
+		t.Skipf("NOT RUN: no Node toolchain is installed under %s for this account to read (no Node build module on this node); "+
+			"the integration level has no network to install one, so this runs on a node that holds the Node build module", filepath.Join(CacheDir, "toolchain"))
 	}
-	if err := m.Toolchain.Ensure(context.Background(), m.Recipe.Version()); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("no toolchain of this lock is installed under %s, and installing it from the registry failed: %v", filepath.Join(CacheDir, "toolchain"), err)
+	copyToolchain(t, from, m.Toolchain.Paths.Dir(m.Recipe.Version()))
+	if err := m.Toolchain.Ensure(context.Background(), m.Recipe.Version()); err != nil { // present: opens it, installs nothing
+		t.Fatalf("the toolchain copied from %s cannot be used: %v", from, err)
 	}
-	for _, id := range []string{"w1", "w2"} {
+	for _, id := range []string{"w1", "w2", "w3"} {
 		for p, body := range map[string]string{
 			"modules/m/module.json":    `{"module":"m","build":{"artifacts":[{"name":"tools","kind":"bundle","language":"typescript","entrypoints":["tools/index.js"]}]}}`,
 			"modules/m/package.json":   `{"name":"m","type":"module","scripts":{"test":"node -e \"process.exit(0)\""}}`,
@@ -65,10 +68,36 @@ func realMachine(t *testing.T) (*Module, string) {
 	return m, work
 }
 
-// 1490/AC2: a fixture TypeScript bundle importing @novox/mesh-sdk, built twice by the real tsc and esbuild, has equal
-// digests, and its archive holds the bundled .js, the .serve.mjs launcher and package.json.
-func TestAFixtureBundleBuiltTwiceHasOneDigest(t *testing.T) {
+// 1490/AC2, 1491 and issue 1869, in one test so the toolchain is copied once: the real type-check and test script of the
+// fixture pass the unit level; a package whose test imports its own build output (as mesh-sdk's do) passes the unit level,
+// the test step emitting it with the real tsc, shut off, before the test script runs; and the fixture TypeScript bundle
+// importing @novox/mesh-sdk, built twice by the real tsc and esbuild, has equal digests, its archive holding the bundled
+// .js, the .serve.mjs launcher and package.json. The unit levels run in w3, so the two builds' workspaces stay alike.
+func TestTheFixturePassesTheUnitLevelAndBuildsTwiceToOneDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	m, work := realMachine(t)
+	out, err := m.test(context.Background(), map[string]any{"workspace": "w3", "module": "modules/m", "level": "unit"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if r := out.(*TestResult); !r.Passed || r.NoTests || len(r.Ran) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("the fixture's unit level: result = %+v", r)
+	}
+	for p, body := range map[string]string{
+		"modules/p/package.json":  `{"name":"p","type":"module","scripts":{"build":"tsc","test":"node --test test/a.test.mjs","prepare":"tsc"}}`,
+		"modules/p/tsconfig.json": `{"compilerOptions":{"module":"NodeNext","moduleResolution":"NodeNext","target":"ES2022","outDir":"dist","rootDir":"src"},"include":["src"]}`,
+		"modules/p/src/index.ts":  "export const answer: number = 42;\n",
+		"modules/p/test/a.test.mjs": "import { test } from 'node:test';\nimport assert from 'node:assert';\nimport { answer } from '../dist/index.js';\n" +
+			"test('the build is there', () => assert.equal(answer, 42));\n",
+	} {
+		write(t, filepath.Join(work, "w3", "tree", filepath.FromSlash(p)), body, 0o644)
+	}
+	out, err = m.test(context.Background(), map[string]any{"workspace": "w3", "module": "modules/p", "level": "unit"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if r := out.(*TestResult); !r.Passed || !slices.Equal(r.Ran, []string{"build", "test"}) {
+		t.Errorf("the package importing its build: result = %+v", r)
+	}
 	var digests []string
 	for _, id := range []string{"w1", "w2"} {
 		out, err := m.build(context.Background(), map[string]any{"workspace": id, "module": "modules/m", "artifact": "tools"})
@@ -89,43 +118,6 @@ func TestAFixtureBundleBuiltTwiceHasOneDigest(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// 1491: the real type-check and test script of the same fixture pass the unit level.
-func TestTheFixturePassesTheUnitLevel(t *testing.T) {
-	m, _ := realMachine(t)
-	out, err := m.test(context.Background(), map[string]any{"workspace": "w1", "module": "modules/m", "level": "unit"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if r := out.(*TestResult); !r.Passed || r.NoTests || len(r.Ran) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("result = %+v", r)
-	}
-}
-
-// Issue 1869: a package whose test imports its own build output (as mesh-sdk's do) passes the unit level: the test step
-// emits it with the real tsc, shut off, before the test script runs.
-func TestAPackageWhoseTestsImportItsBuildPassesTheUnitLevel(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("bwrap"); err != nil {
-		t.Skip("NOT RUN: no bubblewrap installed where this check runs; every build node has it (the module declares it)")
-	}
-	m, work := realMachine(t)
-	for p, body := range map[string]string{
-		"modules/p/package.json":  `{"name":"p","type":"module","scripts":{"build":"tsc","test":"node --test test/a.test.mjs","prepare":"tsc"}}`,
-		"modules/p/tsconfig.json": `{"compilerOptions":{"module":"NodeNext","moduleResolution":"NodeNext","target":"ES2022","outDir":"dist","rootDir":"src"},"include":["src"]}`,
-		"modules/p/src/index.ts":  "export const answer: number = 42;\n",
-		"modules/p/test/a.test.mjs": "import { test } from 'node:test';\nimport assert from 'node:assert';\nimport { answer } from '../dist/index.js';\n" +
-			"test('the build is there', () => assert.equal(answer, 42));\n",
-	} {
-		write(t, filepath.Join(work, "w1", "tree", filepath.FromSlash(p)), body, 0o644)
-	}
-	out, err := m.test(context.Background(), map[string]any{"workspace": "w1", "module": "modules/p", "level": "unit"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if r := out.(*TestResult); !r.Passed || !slices.Equal(r.Ran, []string{"build", "test"}) {
-		t.Errorf("result = %+v", r)
-	}
-}
-
 // installedToolchain is the toolchain directory under toolchains that this node's Node build module installed: the
 // one installed from the lock at lockPath, byte for byte, or, when the change carries a lock no delivered release has
 // installed yet, the one installed last, said in the test's log (ADR 0533 §3: a new lock is proven by the module that

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/build_test.go

@@ -267,3 +267,38 @@ func TestTheLaunchersAreTheSDKsRule(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("launchers %v, mesh-sdk's rule %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
+
+// issue 1703: a failed command's reason keeps stderr's end and stdout's start, each bounded, so a long stdout (npm's
+// progress) never pushes npm's error out, and tsc's first error on stdout stays in.
+func TestRanFailedKeepsTheError(t *testing.T) {
+	noise := strings.Repeat("npm progress line\n", 200)
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		ran     forgekey.Ran
+		want    []string
+		wantNot []string
+	}{
+		"passed":           {forgekey.Ran{Stdout: "ok"}, nil, nil},
+		"npm, long stdout": {forgekey.Ran{Status: 1, Stdout: noise, Stderr: "npm ERR! early\n" + noise + "npm ERR! code E404\n"}, []string{"status 1", "npm ERR! code E404"}, []string{"npm ERR! early"}},
+		"tsc on stdout":    {forgekey.Ran{Status: 2, Stdout: "src/a.ts(1,7): error TS2322: wrong\n" + noise}, []string{"error TS2322"}, nil},
+		"never ran":        {forgekey.Ran{Err: "ENOENT"}, []string{"ENOENT"}, nil},
+	}
+	for name, c := range cases {
+		got := ranFailed(c.ran)
+		if c.want == nil && got != "" {
+			t.Errorf("%s: %q, want none", name, got)
+		}
+		for _, w := range c.want {
+			if !strings.Contains(got, w) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: %q lacks %q", name, got, w)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, w := range c.wantNot {
+			if strings.Contains(got, w) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: %q carries %q", name, got, w)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(got) > failedBytes+100 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: %d bytes, past its bound", name, len(got))
+		}
+	}
+}

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/check-needs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Its integration tests copy the Node toolchain the Node build module installed on this node and run node and npm
+# (realMachine, build_integration_test.go): they run only where the node holds node-build-node (issue 890).
+node-build-node

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/cpu.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildcpu"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
+)
+
+// The processors a step may take (novox/hq ADR 0553, issue 1806). The node-engine holds this module's runtime, with
+// every other build module's of the node, in one slice at idle priority under the node's one share of its processors:
+// that quota bounds the total. Threads only size each step: the share the composer gives (buildstep.NodeLimits) over
+// this module's own capacity, so a step does not wait in the kernel's throttle. Without the composer's share there is
+// no slice to size a step to, and no thread limit is set.
+
+// cpuLimits is what one step is held to now.
+func (m *Module) cpuLimits() buildcpu.Limits {
+	slots := 1
+	switch {
+	case m.Capacity != nil:
+		slots = m.Capacity()
+	case m.Settings != "":
+		slots = buildstep.NodeCapacity(m.Settings, buildstep.DefaultCapacities, m.Node, nil)()
+	}
+	return buildstep.NodeLimits(slots)
+}
+
+// threadEnv is the environment (nothing without a share) every command of a step is given for its threads: GOMAXPROCS for esbuild and every Go
+// program, UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE for Node's worker pool.
+func (m *Module) threadEnv() []string {
+	return buildcpu.Env(m.cpuLimits().Threads)
+}
+
+// cpuStatus is what the status tool says of it: the limits a step is given, and what the kernel holds this runtime
+// to (its unit and its slice), read from its cgroup rather than assumed.
+func (m *Module) cpuStatus() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{"limits": m.cpuLimits(), "in-force": buildcpu.ReadInForce()}
+}

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/fetch.go

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func (m *Module) fetchInto(ctx context.Context, req buildstep.FetchRequest, grou
 func (m *Module) typeScriptModules(ctx context.Context, tree string) (dirs []string, packages map[string]bool, err error) {
 	r := m.Run(ctx, m.baseEnv(), "git", "-C", tree, "ls-files", "--", "module.json", "*/module.json")
 	if r.Status != 0 || r.Err != "" {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("git ls-files: %s", firstLine(r.Err+" "+r.Stderr))
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("git ls-files: %s", forgekey.Said(r.Err+"\n"+r.Stderr))
 	}
 	packages = map[string]bool{}
 	for _, l := range strings.Split(r.Stdout, "\n") {

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/fetch_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ func mustReadDir(t *testing.T, dir string) []string {
 // are given PATH, HOME and the locale and their own words; and the real clean runner, run on `env` here, prints only
 // those.
 func TestNoCommandOfTheStepSeesATokenOfTheProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("MESH_BUILD_CPU_SHARE", "50")
 	t.Setenv("MESH_BUS_CREDENTIAL", "hunter2")
 	t.Setenv("NPM_TOKEN", "hunter3")
 	files := typeScriptModule(`{"dependencies":{"lodash":"^4"}}`)
@@ -245,6 +247,11 @@ func TestNoCommandOfTheStepSeesATokenOfTheProcess(t *testing.T) {
 		if len(c.env) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(c.env[0], "PATH=") || !strings.HasPrefix(c.env[1], "HOME=") || c.env[2] != "LC_ALL=C" {
 			t.Errorf("%s was given %v, want PATH, HOME and the locale first", c.name, c.env)
 		}
+		// And its threads, its part of the node's share the composer gave (ADR 0553).
+		if !slices.ContainsFunc(c.env, func(e string) bool { return strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOMAXPROCS=") }) ||
+			!slices.ContainsFunc(c.env, func(e string) bool { return strings.HasPrefix(e, "UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE=") }) {
+			t.Errorf("%s was given %v, without its threads", c.name, c.env)
+		}
 	}
 	// The runner main wires: what it hands a command is exactly what the step gave.
 	ran := forgekey.ExecRunnerClean(10*time.Second)(context.Background(), append(m.baseEnv(), "ONLY=this"), "env")

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/isolate.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func (m *Module) isolation(root string, write bool) buildstep.Isolation {
 		ReadOnly:    []string{m.toolchainDir()},
 		Caches:      []string{m.npmCache()},
 		WriteCaches: write,
-		Env:         []string{"PATH=" + pathOrDefault(), "LC_ALL=C"},
+		Env:         append([]string{"PATH=" + pathOrDefault(), "LC_ALL=C"}, m.threadEnv()...),
 	}
 }
 

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/main.go

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
@@ -69,7 +71,13 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	steps := m.StepTools()
+	booted := time.Now()
 	puller := m.Puller(steps, nil)
+	m.Held = puller
+	if m.Node != "" {
+		// A step a previous process left running is ended (issue 1890); this process's own steps start after booted.
+		go buildstep.EndStaleAtStart(ctx, m.stepScan(), m.Node, booted, logf)
+	}
 	if m.Node != "" {
 		// The seat's asks, pulled once Serve has the runtime's channel; a pull before it is said and tried again.
 		go func() { _ = puller.Pull(ctx) }()

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/module.go

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ type Module struct {
 	// Toolchains and Steps are the Put of the states of those names.
 	Toolchains, Steps buildstep.Put
 	// ReadSteps and ReadToolchainsState read those two states back for the read tools (issue 1562).
+	// Held is the puller whose running asks a step-end tool will not end (issue 1890); nil in a test.
+	Held                           *buildstep.Puller
 	ReadSteps, ReadToolchainsState StateRead
 	// Pauses is the Put of the pauses state, which keeps the node's pause key without an age; ReadPauses reads it back.
 	Pauses     buildstep.Put
@@ -137,6 +139,7 @@ func (m *Module) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 			m.Say("the toolchain: %v", err)
 		}
 		m.CleanWorkspaces(m.now())
+		buildstep.EndStaleRound(m.stepScan(), m.Node, m.Say) // asks past the step bound, on the module's own round (issue 1890)
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
@@ -202,7 +205,8 @@ func (m *Module) Status(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
 	err := m.Check(ctx)
 	installed, _ := m.Probe(ctx)
 	r := m.recipe()
-	out := map[string]any{"node": m.Node, "recipe": r.Version(), "installed": installed, "refusing": err != nil}
+	out := map[string]any{"node": m.Node, "recipe": r.Version(), "installed": installed, "refusing": err != nil,
+		"cpu": m.cpuStatus()}
 	if m.Toolchain != nil {
 		out["toolchain-dir"] = m.Toolchain.Paths.Dir(r.Version())
 		out["toolchain-installed"] = m.Toolchain.Present(r.Version())
@@ -227,7 +231,7 @@ const defaultPath = "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
 // files and git configuration) and a fixed locale. A command is given these and its own words, never this process's
 // environment, which holds the module's bus credentials (ADR 0466 §4).
 func (m *Module) baseEnv() []string {
-	return []string{"PATH=" + pathOrDefault(), "HOME=" + m.Toolchain.homeOrEmpty(), "LC_ALL=C"}
+	return append([]string{"PATH=" + pathOrDefault(), "HOME=" + m.Toolchain.homeOrEmpty(), "LC_ALL=C"}, m.threadEnv()...)
 }
 
 func pathOrDefault() string {

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/module_test.go

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestANodeThatCannotBeRunRefusesEveryStepAndHealthIsUnhealthy(t *testing.T)
 		{Name: "short_probe", Run: run},
 	}, (&Module{}).StepTools()...)
 	for _, tool := range m.Tools(steps) {
-		if tool.Name == StatusTool || tool.Name == HealthTool || tool.Name == StepReadTool || tool.Name == StepsReadTool || tool.Name == ToolchainsReadTool || tool.Name == ReleaseTool {
+		if tool.Name == StatusTool || tool.Name == HealthTool || tool.Name == StepReadTool || tool.Name == StepsReadTool || tool.Name == ToolchainsReadTool || tool.Name == ReleaseTool || tool.Name == StepEndTool {
 			continue
 		}
 		var reason string

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/read.go

@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ type StepLine struct {
 	Started string `json:"started"`
 	Ended   string `json:"ended,omitempty"`
 	Reason  string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+	What    string `json:"what,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RecentSteps are this node's steps, the latest started first, at most limit (ten when limit is not above zero). Only
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ func (m *Module) RecentSteps(limit int) (lines []StepLine, cut bool, err error)
 	}
 	out := make([]StepLine, 0, len(steps))
 	for _, s := range steps {
-		l := StepLine{ID: s.ID, Tool: s.Tool, State: s.State, Started: s.Started.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"), Reason: s.Reason}
+		l := StepLine{ID: s.ID, Tool: s.Tool, State: s.State, Started: s.Started.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"), Reason: s.Reason, What: s.What}
 		if !s.Ended.IsZero() {
 			l.Ended = s.Ended.UTC().Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z")
 		}

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/read_test.go

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func TestStepsToolListsRecentStepsOfThisNode(t *testing.T) {
 	t0 := time.Date(2026, 10, 21, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "a", Tool: "build_node_fetch", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepPassed, Started: t0, Ended: t0, Result: json.RawMessage(`1`)})
 	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "b", Tool: "build_node_test", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepRunning, Started: t0.Add(time.Minute)})
-	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "c", Tool: "build_node_build", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepFailed, Started: t0.Add(2 * time.Minute), Reason: "boom"})
+	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "c", Tool: "build_node_build", Node: "ace", State: delivery.StepFailed, Started: t0.Add(2 * time.Minute), Reason: "boom", What: "check ask, novox/x@abc"})
 	putStep(t, steps, delivery.Step{ID: "d", Tool: "build_node_build", Node: "g14", State: delivery.StepPassed, Started: t0.Add(time.Hour)})
 	m := readModule(steps, fakeState{})
 	out, err := tool(t, m, StepsReadTool)(map[string]any{})
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestStepsToolListsRecentStepsOfThisNode(t *testing.T) {
 	if !slices.Equal(ids, []string{"c", "b", "a"}) {
 		t.Errorf("ids = %v, want c b a", ids)
 	}
-	if lines[0].Reason != "boom" || lines[0].State != delivery.StepFailed {
+	if lines[0].Reason != "boom" || lines[0].What != "check ask, novox/x@abc" || lines[0].State != delivery.StepFailed {
 		t.Errorf("first = %+v", lines[0])
 	}
 	out, _ = tool(t, m, StepsReadTool)(map[string]any{"limit": float64(1)})

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/tools.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/buildstep"
 
 	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
 )
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ func (m *Module) Tools(steps []StepTool) []stdio.Tool {
 		tools = append(tools, t)
 	}
 	tools = append(tools, m.ReadTools()...)
+	tools = append(tools, buildstep.StepEndTool(StepEndTool, m.Node, m.stepScan(), m.Held))
 	tools = append(tools, m.releaseTool())
 	return append(tools,
 		stdio.Tool{Name: StatusTool,

modules/mesh-build-node/cmd/mesh-build-node/workspace.go

@@ -180,14 +180,28 @@ func (m *Module) runIn(ctx context.Context, root string, write bool, dir string,
 	return run(ctx, extra, "env", append([]string{"-C", dir, name}, args...)...)
 }
 
-// ranFailed says why a command did not pass, or "" when it did.
+// ranFailed says why a command did not pass, or "" when it did (issue 1703): its exit status, the end of what it wrote
+// on stderr (npm's error is its last lines) and the start of what it wrote on stdout (tsc writes its errors there,
+// first first), each bounded, so a long stdout never pushes stderr's error out of the reason.
 func ranFailed(r forgekey.Ran) string {
 	if r.Status == 0 && r.Err == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
-	out := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stdout + "\n" + r.Stderr)
-	if len(out) > 1500 {
-		out = out[:1500] + " ..."
+	why := fmt.Sprintf("status %d %s", r.Status, r.Err)
+	if e := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stderr); e != "" {
+		if len(e) > failedBytes/2 {
+			e = "... " + e[len(e)-failedBytes/2:]
+		}
+		why += ": stderr: " + e
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("status %d %s: %s", r.Status, r.Err, out)
+	if o := strings.TrimSpace(r.Stdout); o != "" {
+		if len(o) > failedBytes/2 {
+			o = o[:failedBytes/2] + " ..."
+		}
+		why += ": stdout: " + o
+	}
+	return why
 }
+
+// failedBytes bounds what ranFailed carries of a command's output, stderr and stdout half each.
+const failedBytes = 1500

modules/mesh-build-node/go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module meshbuildnode
 go 1.26.0
 
 require (
-	git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8
+	git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f
 	github.com/distribution/distribution/v3 v3.1.2
 	github.com/nats-io/nats.go v1.54.0
 )

modules/mesh-build-node/go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8 h1:x4mvY7yiGTP5lnzxbiwyj1o24p05hAmzZP7xHg3XX2M=
-git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261025175617-518dae5ec9c8/go.mod h1:ouERNpZizzwZ0HLEtAypsY9FR20FyUgUYRni6J7kVCY=
+git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f h1:GYLCvz2x+JNUOTbXzyh2QwzX0sTzvRlXR7lGocWjk3A=
+git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go v0.1.14-0.20261026142629-ff81bdf8cc8f/go.mod h1:ouERNpZizzwZ0HLEtAypsY9FR20FyUgUYRni6J7kVCY=
 github.com/alicebob/miniredis/v2 v2.35.0 h1:QwLphYqCEAo1eu1TqPRN2jgVMPBweeQcR21jeqDCONI=
 github.com/alicebob/miniredis/v2 v2.35.0/go.mod h1:TcL7YfarKPGDAthEtl5NBeHZfeUQj6OXMm/+iu5cLMM=
 github.com/antithesishq/antithesis-sdk-go v0.7.0-default-no-op h1:Z/MZK75wC/NSrkgqeNIa7jexam9uWzhLmFTSCPI/kn0=

modules/mesh-build-node/module.json

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
     "build_node_release",
     "build_node_step",
     "build_node_steps",
+    "build_node_step_end",
     "build_node_toolchains",
     "build_node_status",
     "build_node_health"

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/README.md

@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ names every refusal and rejection at once, and the pull request is told at once;
   `needs: new-head` and names its author: the branch, and the session a `Pushed-by: <who@node>` line in the pull
   request's description names.
 
+## A merge the forge account cannot carry out is not asked (issue 1945)
+
+Before the operator's Approve is asked, the gate reads through `gitea_commit_statuses` whether the forge's merging
+account writes each repository the ask covers (`merge.writes`). Where it does not, nothing is asked: the delivery waits
+on "the forge account cannot write <repo>: gitea_grant_write" (`show`), raised at once as a condition. The read holds
+until the gitea module's `gitea.repo.writable` (its grant, read back) or ten minutes, then the ask is made again; an
+approved merge of that repository the forge refused is asked again on the same event (`writes.go`).
+
 ## The seat's hand-over
 
 The gate took the seat `mesh-delivery` over from the module `mesh-delivery` (ADR 0449 §4, ADR 0450 §6, ADR 0454) and carried its

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/adr548_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	sdk "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
+)
+
+// One check per delivery (novox/hq ADR 0548), the gate's part: nothing merges into a repository while a check of other heads
+// judges it (§2); an approved merge holds a turn on its repositories (§3); a held merge past its bound is a stalled line, read
+// and handed by two tools (§4); an approved delivery whose trunk moved merges on its carried verdict with no second ask (§8).
+
+const otherHead = "c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3c3"
+
+// approvedLone is a lone delivery into oneRepo whose check passed, approved by the operator (the world approves at once).
+func approvedLone(w *world) string {
+	w.t.Helper()
+	p := pr(oneRepo, 1, oneHead, "feat/one")
+	requiresCheck(w, p)
+	w.h.PullUpdated(p)
+	putCheckerVerdict(w, "pass", headOf(oneRepo, 1, oneHead))
+	w.h.CommitStatus(checkStatus(oneRepo, oneHead, "success", oneTrunk))
+	return IDOf(oneRepo, oneHead)
+}
+
+// memTurns is the bucket turns in memory; it logs each write with the merges the fake bridge had made by then.
+type memTurns struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	m      map[string]sdk.Turn
+	log    []string
+	merges func() int
+}
+
+func newMemTurns(w *world) *memTurns {
+	return &memTurns{m: map[string]sdk.Turn{}, merges: func() int { return len(w.forge.merges) }}
+}
+
+func (f *memTurns) All() (map[string]sdk.Turn, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	out := map[string]sdk.Turn{}
+	for k, v := range f.m {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (f *memTurns) Put(t sdk.Turn) error {
+	if _, err := sdk.EncodeTurn(t); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.m[t.Repository] = t
+	f.log = append(f.log, fmt.Sprintf("put %s after %d merges", t.Repository, f.merges()))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *memTurns) Delete(repository string) error {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(f.m, repository)
+	f.log = append(f.log, fmt.Sprintf("delete %s after %d merges", repository, f.merges()))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *memTurns) said() string { f.mu.Lock(); defer f.mu.Unlock(); return strings.Join(f.log, "; ") }
+
+func TestOneCheckPerDeliveryAtTheGate(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, run := range map[string]func(t *testing.T){
+		// §2: a merge into a repository a running verdict names is not written to merges, and is written on that verdict's pass.
+		"an approved merge waits for a running check on its repository and merges on its end": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "running", headOf(oneRepo, 9, otherHead))
+			id := approvedLone(w)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if w.op.count() != 1 || len(w.forge.merges) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("asked %d times, merges %v: want the Approve asked and the merge held", w.op.count(), w.forge.merges)
+			}
+			d := w.delivery(id)
+			if d.Ready == nil || !strings.Contains(d.Ready.Waits, "waits for the check of g") || !strings.Contains(d.Ready.Waits, oneRepo) ||
+				d.Ready.HeldSince == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("the merge does not say what it waits for: %+v", d.Ready)
+			}
+			// §9: deliveries says what it waits for.
+			for _, l := range w.h.Deliveries("", "", "", false) {
+				if l.ID == id && !strings.Contains(l.Waits, "approved; waits for the check of g") {
+					t.Errorf("deliveries says it waits for %q", l.Waits)
+				}
+			}
+			// §4: past 30 minutes the held merge is a stalled line naming the check it waits for and since when.
+			for _, l := range w.h.Stalled() {
+				if l.ID == id {
+					t.Fatalf("a stalled line within the bound: %+v", l)
+				}
+			}
+			w.later(turnBound + time.Minute)
+			w.settleAll()
+			var line *StalledLine
+			for _, l := range w.h.Stalled() {
+				if l.ID == id {
+					line = &l
+				}
+			}
+			if line == nil || line.Bound != "30m0s" || !strings.Contains(line.Says, "waits for the check of g") || !strings.Contains(line.Says, "held since") ||
+				!strings.Contains(line.Says, "checker_status") || !strings.Contains(line.H2, "delivery_hand_now") {
+				t.Fatalf("the stalled line of the held merge = %+v", line)
+			}
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "pass", headOf(oneRepo, 9, otherHead))
+			w.settleAll()
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 1 || w.op.count() != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("after the check's end: merges %v, asked %d times; want merged with no second ask", w.forge.merges, w.op.count())
+			}
+		},
+		"a running check on another repository holds nothing": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "running", headOf(oneRepo2, 9, otherHead))
+			approvedLone(w)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("merges %v: a check of another repository held the merge (%s)", w.forge.merges, w.logs())
+			}
+		},
+		"the delivery's own running verdict does not hold it": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			w.op.auto = false
+			id := approvedLone(w)
+			w.settleAll()
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "running", headOf(oneRepo, 1, oneHead)) // its own heads judged again (a carry)
+			for _, k := range w.op.open() {
+				w.op.answer(k, OptionApprove)
+			}
+			w.settleAll()
+			if d := w.delivery(id); len(w.forge.merges) != 1 || d.Ready == nil || d.Ready.HeldSince != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("merges %v, run %+v: its own check held it", w.forge.merges, d.Ready)
+			}
+		},
+		// §3: the turn is written before the verdicts are read for the merge, and deleted after the last merge.
+		"a lone merge's turn is written before it is handed and deleted once it merged": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			turns := newMemTurns(w)
+			w.h.Turns = turns
+			approvedLone(w)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 1 || turns.said() != "put "+oneRepo+" after 0 merges; delete "+oneRepo+" after 1 merges" {
+				t.Fatalf("merges %v; the turns were %q", w.forge.merges, turns.said())
+			}
+		},
+		"a group's turns stand on every member's repository until its last member merged": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			turns := newMemTurns(w)
+			w.h.Turns = turns
+			a, b := pr(oneRepo, 1, oneHead, "feat/two"), pr(oneRepo2, 2, oneHead2, "feat/two")
+			requiresCheck(w, a, b)
+			w.h.PullUpdated(a)
+			w.h.PullUpdated(b)
+			w.h.wantForge()
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "pass", headOf(oneRepo, 1, oneHead), headOf(oneRepo2, 2, oneHead2))
+			w.h.CommitStatus(checkStatus(oneRepo, oneHead, "success", oneTrunk))
+			w.h.CommitStatus(checkStatus(oneRepo2, oneHead2, "success", oneTrunk))
+			for range 3 {
+				w.settleAll()
+			}
+			want := "put " + oneRepo2 + " after 0 merges; put " + oneRepo + " after 0 merges; delete " + oneRepo2 + " after 2 merges; delete " + oneRepo + " after 2 merges"
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 2 || turns.said() != want {
+				t.Fatalf("merges %v; the turns were %q, want %q", w.forge.merges, turns.said(), want)
+			}
+		},
+		// §8: an approved delivery whose trunk moved goes back to proposed, waits for its carried verdict rather than being
+		// handed on the old one, and merges on it with no second ask.
+		"an approved merge whose trunk moved merges on its carried verdict with no second ask": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "running", headOf(oneRepo, 9, otherHead)) // holds the approved merge (§2)
+			id := approvedLone(w)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if w.op.count() != 1 || len(w.forge.merges) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("asked %d times, merges %v; want approved and held", w.op.count(), w.forge.merges)
+			}
+			w.h.PullMerged(merged(oneRepo, 5, otherHead, oneTrunk2)) // a merge at the forge moves the trunk
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "pass", headOf(oneRepo, 9, otherHead))
+			w.settleAll()
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("merges %v: handed on a verdict judged on the old trunk", w.forge.merges)
+			}
+			d := w.delivery(id)
+			if d.Ready == nil || !strings.Contains(d.Ready.Waits, "being carried") {
+				t.Fatalf("after the trunk moved it waits for %q, want its verdict carried", d.Ready.Waits)
+			}
+			// The checker's carried line: the head on the new trunk, carried from the old one.
+			carried := checkStatus(oneRepo, oneHead, "success", oneTrunk2)
+			carried.Description = "pass " + oneHead[:12] + " on " + oneTrunk2[:12] + " | carried from " + oneTrunk[:12] + " | unit 0 run, 4 kept"
+			if head, trunk := checkLine(carried.Description); head != oneHead[:12] || trunk != oneTrunk2[:12] {
+				t.Fatalf("the carried line reads as %s on %s", head, trunk)
+			}
+			if head, trunk := checkLine("failed: a test"); head != "" || trunk != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("a line that names no commits gave %q %q", head, trunk)
+			}
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "pass", headOf(oneRepo, 1, oneHead))
+			w.h.CommitStatus(carried)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if w.op.count() != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("the Approve was asked %d times, want once: it stands through the carry", w.op.count())
+			}
+			if d := w.delivery(id); d.Check == nil || d.Check.Trunk != oneTrunk2[:12] || len(w.forge.merges) != 1 {
+				t.Errorf("after the carry: verdict %+v, merges %v; want merged on the carried verdict", d.Check, w.forge.merges)
+			}
+		},
+		// §4: delivery_turns reads every turn with the check it waits for; delivery_hand_now hands a held merge at once on the
+		// operator's word, and refuses one no check holds.
+		"the turns are read, and a held merge is handed now on the operator's word": func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := newWorld(t)
+			w.h.Turns = newMemTurns(w)
+			putCheckerVerdict(w, "running", headOf(oneRepo, 9, otherHead))
+			id := approvedLone(w)
+			w.settleAll()
+			read := w.h.TurnsRead()
+			lines := read["turns"].([]TurnLine)
+			if len(lines) != 1 || lines[0].Repository != oneRepo || len(lines[0].Turn.Waiting) != 1 || lines[0].Turn.Waiting[0].WaitsFor == "" ||
+				!strings.Contains(lines[0].Waits["feat/one"].(string), "the check g.") || read["written"] != true {
+				t.Fatalf("delivery_turns = %+v", read)
+			}
+			if _, err := w.h.HandNow(id, ""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "why") {
+				t.Errorf("a hand without the operator's why: %v", err)
+			}
+			if _, err := w.h.HandNow(IDOf(oneRepo2, oneHead2), "x"); err == nil {
+				t.Error("an unknown delivery was handed")
+			}
+			if _, err := w.h.HandNow(id, "the operator, on telegram: merge it now"); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			w.settleAll()
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 1 || w.delivery(id).Ready.HandNow == "" {
+				t.Fatalf("merges %v after the hand", w.forge.merges)
+			}
+			if _, err := w.h.HandNow(id, "again"); err == nil {
+				t.Error("a merged delivery was handed again")
+			}
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, run)
+	}
+}

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/approval.go

@@ -339,6 +339,9 @@ func (h *Holder) approval(d *Delivery, now time.Time) (string, func()) {
 		return "the operator cannot be asked from here", nil
 	}
 	members := h.askMembers(d)
+	if waits := h.writeWaits(d, members, now); waits != "" {
+		return waits, nil // asked only once the forge account can carry the merge out (writes.go, issue 1945)
+	}
 	group := ""
 	if len(members) > 1 {
 		group = d.Group
@@ -390,12 +393,12 @@ func (h *Holder) approval(d *Delivery, now time.Time) (string, func()) {
 			if gid == "" {
 				break
 			}
-			says, err := h.notASuccess(m)
+			says, forge, err := h.notASuccess(m)
 			if err != nil {
 				readErr = err
 				break
 			}
-			if says != "" {
+			if says != "" && !forge { // the forge's merge answer is weighed at the merge, where it is asked again (group_merge.go)
 				holdMember, holdSays = m.id, says
 				break
 			}
@@ -423,6 +426,16 @@ func (h *Holder) approval(d *Delivery, now time.Time) (string, func()) {
 				h.mu.Unlock()
 			}
 		}
+		// Nothing is asked that the forge account could not merge (writes.go, issue 1945): said at the next look.
+		if says := h.cannotWrite(reads); says != "" {
+			stale()
+			h.mu.Lock()
+			defer h.mu.Unlock()
+			undo()
+			h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] %s passed its checks and the operator is not asked: %s", d.ID, says)
+			h.lookAt(h.Now(), "an ask not made: the forge account cannot write a repository it covers")
+			return
+		}
 		if readErr != nil || holdSays != "" {
 			stale()
 			h.mu.Lock()

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/conditions.go

@@ -224,6 +224,9 @@ func (h *Holder) nextStall(now time.Time) time.Time {
 			consider(r.RefusedSince.Add(h.answeredRefusalBound(d.Repository)))
 			consider(r.RefusedSince.Add(outOfDateFor))
 		}
+		if r.HeldSince != nil {
+			consider(r.HeldSince.Add(turnBound))
+		}
 	}
 	return next
 }

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/fakes_test.go

@@ -101,7 +101,9 @@ type fakeForge struct {
 	viewCalls int
 	// What Statuses reads: the pull requests by owner/repo#number, the base's required statuses, whether the
 	// protection cannot be read, and what it was asked.
-	pulls          map[string]ForgePull
+	pulls map[string]ForgePull
+	// unwritable are the repositories (owner/repo) the forge's merging account cannot write (issue 1945).
+	unwritable     map[string]bool
 	required       []string
 	protectionDown bool
 	asked          []string
@@ -220,6 +222,10 @@ func (f *fakeForge) Statuses(owner, repo string, number int, commit, base string
 		base = "main"
 	}
 	out.Merge = ForgeMerge{Branch: base, Protected: f.required != nil, Required: f.required}
+	if f.unwritable[owner+"/"+repo] {
+		no := false
+		out.Merge.Writes, out.Merge.CannotWrite = &no, "the forge account cannot write "+owner+"/"+repo+": gitea_grant_write"
+	}
 	if f.protectionDown {
 		out.Merge.Says = "the protection of " + base + " could not be read"
 		return out, nil

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/group_merge.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -28,26 +29,46 @@ func readOf(d *Delivery, head string) memberRead {
 	return memberRead{id: d.ID, owner: d.Owner(), repo: d.Repo(), base: d.Base, head: head, number: d.Number}
 }
 
-// notAsSuccess reads a member's required statuses at its head and says, in the forge's words, which are not a success;
-// empty when all are. An error is a
+// forgeMergeGrace is how long the forge may say a member does not merge now before the group is held for it (issue 1275):
+// the forge says so for a few seconds after a base moved, while it works out whether the pull request still merges; within
+// the grace the merge is asked again every forgeMergeAgain. Past it, the member is in conflict with its trunk: held, said
+// urgent, and asked again on the next event (a new head, a status).
+const (
+	forgeMergeGrace = 2 * time.Minute
+	forgeMergeAgain = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// notASuccess reads a member's required statuses at its head and says, in the forge's words, which are not a success,
+// and whether the forge says the pull request merges into its base now (its head still the one approved, and not in
+// conflict); empty when all hold. forge says the reason is the forge's merge answer rather than a status. An error is a
 // read that could not be made: the member then counts as not mergeable.
-func (h *Holder) notASuccess(m memberRead) (says string, err error) {
+func (h *Holder) notASuccess(m memberRead) (says string, forge bool, err error) {
 	fc, err := h.Forge.Statuses(m.owner, m.repo, m.number, m.head, m.base)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return "", false, err
 	}
 	if fc.Merge.Mergeable == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("the forge could not say whether %s may merge: %s", m.id, fc.Merge.Says)
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("the forge could not say whether %s may merge: %s", m.id, fc.Merge.Says)
 	}
-	if *fc.Merge.Mergeable {
-		return "", nil
+	if !*fc.Merge.Mergeable {
+		var parts []string
+		for _, b := range fc.Merge.Blocking {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", b.Context, b.State))
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s requires %s; not a success: %s", fc.Merge.Branch, strings.Join(fc.Merge.Required, ", "),
+			strings.Join(parts, ", ")), false, nil
 	}
-	var parts []string
-	for _, b := range fc.Merge.Blocking {
-		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", b.Context, b.State))
+	if p := fc.Pull; p != nil && m.number > 0 {
+		if p.HeadSHA != "" && !sameCommit(p.HeadSHA, m.head) {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("its head is now %s, not the %s approved", shortOf(p.HeadSHA, 12), shortOf(m.head, 12)), false, nil
+		}
+		if p.Mergeable != nil && !*p.Mergeable {
+			base := firstOf(p.Base, m.base)
+			return fmt.Sprintf("the forge says it does not merge into %s now (in conflict with it, a work in progress, or still "+
+				"being worked out after %s moved)", base, base), true, nil
+		}
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s requires %s; not a success: %s", fc.Merge.Branch, strings.Join(fc.Merge.Required, ", "),
-		strings.Join(parts, ", ")), nil
+	return "", false, nil
 }
 
 // unmergedLive are a group's members not yet merged and not over, in the group's order. Under the lock.
@@ -61,10 +82,13 @@ func (h *Holder) unmergedLive(g *Group) []*Delivery {
 	return out
 }
 
-// groupMergeable reads every member's required statuses at the head the Approve covers, and says whether all are a success.
-// When one is not, or cannot be read, nothing is handed to the bridge: the group is held, said urgent (ADR 0441 §2, §4), and
-// the target's turn is given back so the next event that decides whether it may merge asks it again. A read that could not
-// be made is a failed ask, tried again after askAgainAfter. Outside the lock.
+// groupMergeable reads every member's required statuses, its head and the forge's merge answer at the head the Approve
+// covers, and says whether all hold: no member is merged unless every member merges now (issue 1275, 2026-10-26: two of
+// three merged and the third refused). When one does not, or cannot be read, nothing is handed to the bridge: the group is
+// held, said urgent (ADR 0441 §2, §4), and the target's turn is given back so the next event that decides whether it may
+// merge asks it again. A read that could not be made is a failed ask, tried again after askAgainAfter; the forge saying a
+// member does not merge now is asked again every forgeMergeAgain for forgeMergeGrace before the group is held. Outside
+// the lock.
 func (h *Holder) groupMergeable(gid, target string, reads []memberRead) bool {
 	release := func() {
 		if d := h.deliveries[target]; d != nil && d.Ready != nil {
@@ -73,7 +97,7 @@ func (h *Holder) groupMergeable(gid, target string, reads []memberRead) bool {
 		}
 	}
 	for _, m := range reads {
-		says, err := h.notASuccess(m)
+		says, forge, err := h.notASuccess(m)
 		if err == nil && says == "" {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -85,6 +109,25 @@ func (h *Holder) groupMergeable(gid, target string, reads []memberRead) bool {
 			h.mu.Unlock()
 			return false
 		}
+		if forge {
+			if h.unmergeableSince == nil {
+				h.unmergeableSince = map[string]time.Time{}
+			}
+			key, now := gid+" "+m.id, h.Now()
+			first, seen := h.unmergeableSince[key]
+			if !seen {
+				first = now
+				h.unmergeableSince[key] = now
+				h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] group %s: nothing is merged yet: %s at %s: %s; asked again every %s for %s", gid, m.id,
+					shortOf(m.head, 12), says, forgeMergeAgain, forgeMergeGrace)
+			}
+			if now.Sub(first) < forgeMergeGrace {
+				release()
+				h.lookAt(now.Add(forgeMergeAgain), "a group's member the forge was still weighing")
+				h.mu.Unlock()
+				return false
+			}
+		}
 		if g := h.groups[gid]; g != nil {
 			if g.Hold == nil || g.Hold.Kind != "blocked" || g.Hold.Says != says || g.Hold.Member != m.id {
 				h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] group %s is approved and NOT merged: %s at %s: %s", gid, m.id, shortOf(m.head, 12), says)
@@ -99,13 +142,18 @@ func (h *Holder) groupMergeable(gid, target string, reads []memberRead) bool {
 			g.Hold = &GroupHold{Kind: "blocked", Member: m.id, Says: says, Since: since}
 			h.keepGroup(g)
 		}
-		// No timer: the status turning success is an event on the forge (CommitStatus, mergeAgainNow), and it asks the
-		// merge again at once (issue 1275: a pass that stops part way resumes on an event).
+		// No timer: the status turning success, or a new head, is an event on the forge (CommitStatus, mergeAgainNow), and
+		// it asks the merge again at once (issue 1275: a pass that stops part way resumes on an event).
 		release()
 		h.mu.Unlock()
 		return false
 	}
 	h.mu.Lock()
+	for key := range h.unmergeableSince {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(key, gid+" ") {
+			delete(h.unmergeableSince, key)
+		}
+	}
 	if g := h.groups[gid]; g != nil && g.Hold != nil {
 		g.Hold = nil
 		h.keepGroup(g)
@@ -114,6 +162,98 @@ func (h *Holder) groupMergeable(gid, target string, reads []memberRead) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+// passWaits is why an approved merge is not handed yet because another approved merge's pass is under way into a
+// repository it goes into; empty when none is (issue 1275, 2026-10-26 13:40: group feat/890-placement merged
+// mesh-delivery#72 between the members of fix/734-lost-ask, whose mesh-delivery#73 then conflicted). A pass is under way
+// from its first member handed until every member is merged; one half merged stays under way while it is refused or held,
+// until it is whole, declined, or its remaining members are gone or asked anew (a new head is a new Approve). The first
+// merge handed has the repositories; the other is handed once that pass ends, on the event that ends it. This holds
+// whether or not mesh/check gates the merge: it waits for a merge, never for a check (ADR 0551). Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) passWaits(d *Delivery) string {
+	c := h.covering(d)
+	if c == nil || c.Approved == nil || c.AskID == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	mine := h.unmergedRepos(c)
+	for _, p := range h.passes() {
+		if p.run.AskID == c.AskID || !h.passUnderWay(p.run) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for repo := range h.unmergedRepos(p.run) {
+			if mine[repo] {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("approved; waits for the merge of %s into %s to end, so no other merge lands there between "+
+					"its members (issue 1275)", p.name, repo)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// pass is an approved merge not merged whole: the run holding its Approve and the name of its group (or pull request).
+type pass struct {
+	run  *ReadyRun
+	name string
+}
+
+// passes are the approved merges not merged whole and not declined, each ask once. Unlike approvedMerges it keeps one whose
+// members merged or were refused: a half-merged pass still holds its repositories (issue 1275). Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) passes() []pass {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(h.deliveries))
+	for id := range h.deliveries {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(ids)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	var out []pass
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		d := h.deliveries[id]
+		r := d.Ready
+		if r == nil || r.Approved == nil || r.Declined != nil || r.AskID == "" || len(r.Heads) == 0 || seen[r.AskID] ||
+			d.Base != MergeBranch || h.allMerged(r.Heads) {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[r.AskID] = true
+		out = append(out, pass{run: r, name: askGroup(d)})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// unmergedRepos are the repositories (lowercase) of the deliveries an Approve covers that are not merged and may still be
+// merged on it: not over (closed, held), at the head approved, and covered by this Approve, not a newer one. Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) unmergedRepos(r *ReadyRun) map[string]bool {
+	out := map[string]bool{}
+	for id, sha := range r.Heads {
+		m := h.deliveries[id]
+		if m == nil || m.MergedAs != "" || (m.Ready != nil && m.Ready.Merged != nil) || m.State.Final() || !sameCommit(m.Commit, sha) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if c := h.covering(m); c == nil || c.AskID != r.AskID {
+			continue // asked anew (its new head, or a new Approve): that ask is the pass now
+		}
+		out[strings.ToLower(m.Repository)] = true
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// passUnderWay is whether an approved merge's pass has started and not ended: a member is handed to the bridge, or some
+// are merged and others may still merge on this Approve, refused or held or not (issue 1275, review: a held half-merged
+// group that let another group start, then asked again, waited on that group while it waited on it). Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) passUnderWay(r *ReadyRun) bool {
+	if len(h.unmergedRepos(r)) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for id := range r.Heads {
+		m := h.deliveries[id]
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if m.MergedAs != "" || (m.Ready != nil && m.Ready.Merged != nil) || (m.Ready != nil && m.Ready.merging) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // groupLines are the groups that are held or half merged, as urgent stalled lines the gate says as conditions (conditions.go):
 // one for each, on its first member not merged, until every member is merged or a person decides (issue 1275). A member
 // the merge tool refused is said by readyLines, with its group; this adds a group held for a required status, and a
@@ -149,9 +289,10 @@ func (h *Holder) groupLines(now time.Time) []StalledLine {
 			}
 			out = append(out, StalledLine{ID: g.Hold.Member, Number: numberOf(h.deliveries[g.Hold.Member]), State: first.State,
 				For: now.Sub(g.Hold.Since).Round(time.Second).String(), Bound: "0s", Severity: "urgent",
-				H2: "none: the required status turns success, which asks the merge again — or the operator's decision",
-				Says: fmt.Sprintf("group %s %s (merged %d of %d): %s waits on a required status "+
-					"at its head: %s. Needed: that status turns success (its check asked again), or the operator decides.",
+				H2: "none: the required status turns success or a new head merges, which asks the merge again — or the operator's decision",
+				Says: fmt.Sprintf("group %s %s (merged %d of %d): %s does not merge now "+
+					"at its head: %s. Needed: that status turns success (its check asked again), a new head that merges "+
+					"(rebased on its trunk), or the operator decides.",
 					g.ID, stands, merged, len(h.membersOf(g)), g.Hold.Member, g.Hold.Says)})
 		case merged > 0 && !refused && !running:
 			out = append(out, StalledLine{ID: first.ID, Number: first.Number, State: first.State,
@@ -177,3 +318,69 @@ func holdMember(g *Group) string {
 	}
 	return g.Hold.Member
 }
+
+// MergeAgain is the tool delivery_merge_again: on the operator's word, the merge of an approved delivery the forge refused,
+// or of a group held part way, is asked again at once at the heads the Approve named (issue 1275): a refusal the forge
+// meant as "later", a conflict cleared on the trunk, or a refusal repeated until the gate stopped asking. A delivery whose
+// head moved is asked again by its new head, never by this. Refused, naming why, for one that is not an approved merge
+// waiting after a refusal or a hold.
+func (h *Holder) MergeAgain(id, why string) (string, error) {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	d := h.deliveries[id]
+	if d == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no delivery %q", id)
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(why) == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("say why: the merge asked again is the operator's word, kept in the log")
+	}
+	c := h.covering(d)
+	if c == nil || c.Approved == nil || c.Declined != nil || c.Heads[d.ID] != d.Commit {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s is not approved at its head %s: nothing to ask again (a new head is asked on its own)", id, shortOf(d.Commit, 12))
+	}
+	if d.MergedAs != "" || (d.Ready != nil && d.Ready.Merged != nil) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s is merged already", id)
+	}
+	g := h.groups[d.Group]
+	if d.Group == "" {
+		g = nil
+	}
+	held := g != nil && g.Hold != nil && g.Hold.Kind == "blocked"
+	refused := false
+	for hid := range c.Heads {
+		if m := h.deliveries[hid]; m != nil && m.Ready != nil && m.Ready.Merged == nil && m.Ready.RefusedSince != nil {
+			refused = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !held && !refused {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s was neither refused nor held: %s", id, firstOf(d.readyWords(), "it is merged at its turn"))
+	}
+	if waits := h.passWaits(d); waits != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s is not asked again yet: it %s; it is asked at that pass's end", id, strings.TrimPrefix(waits, "approved; "))
+	}
+	for hid := range c.Heads {
+		if m := h.deliveries[hid]; m != nil && m.Ready != nil && m.Ready.Merged == nil {
+			m.Ready.Repeats, m.Ready.LastTry, m.Ready.merging = 0, time.Time{}, false
+			h.keep(m)
+		}
+	}
+	if held {
+		g.Hold = nil
+		h.keepGroup(g)
+	}
+	for key := range h.unmergeableSince {
+		if g != nil && strings.HasPrefix(key, g.ID+" ") {
+			delete(h.unmergeableSince, key)
+		}
+	}
+	h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] %s: its merge is asked again on the operator's word, at the heads approved: %s", id, why)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s's merge is asked again at the next look, every member read first; nothing merges unless every member merges now", id), nil
+}
+
+// readyWords is what an approved delivery's run says it waits for, if anything.
+func (d *Delivery) readyWords() string {
+	if d.Ready == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return d.Ready.Waits
+}

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/holder.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/asks"
+	sdk "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
 )
 
 // The holder of the mesh-delivery seat (novox/hq ADR 0239, to-be 47): the one writer of deliveries and
@@ -75,8 +76,19 @@ type Holder struct {
 	// unchecked are the open pull requests' heads seen without a merge check (unchecked.go).
 	unchecked map[string]unchecked
 	// checker are the checker's verdicts by the hash of the heads they judged, as its verdicts bucket holds them
-	// (onestatus.go, issue 1302).
-	checker map[string]checkerVerdict
+	// (onestatus.go, issue 1302); runningSince when this owner first saw each running (ADR 0548 §2, turns.go).
+	checker      map[string]checkerVerdict
+	runningSince map[string]time.Time
+	// unmergeableSince is when the forge first said a group's member does not merge now, by group and member (issue 1275,
+	// group_merge.go): within forgeMergeGrace that is the forge still working out mergeability, asked again shortly.
+	unmergeableSince map[string]time.Time
+	// writeReads is whether the forge's merging account writes each repository, as last read (writes.go, issue 1945).
+	writeReads map[string]*writeRead
+	// Turns is the gate's bucket turns (turns.go, ADR 0548 §3); nil keeps none. turnsHeld are the turns as written there,
+	// by repository, read once at the first look (turnsLoaded).
+	Turns       TurnStore
+	turnsHeld   map[string]sdk.Turn
+	turnsLoaded bool
 	// tried counts the owed effects Flush tried since this owner started, by how each ended (novox/hq issue 407).
 	tried owedTries
 	// forgeWanted is whether the forge's open pull requests are to be read at the next React: a check may have
@@ -126,6 +138,7 @@ func (h *Holder) init() {
 	h.lostRead = map[string]time.Time{}
 	h.unchecked = map[string]unchecked{}
 	h.checker = map[string]checkerVerdict{}
+	h.runningSince, h.turnsHeld = map[string]time.Time{}, map[string]sdk.Turn{}
 	h.started = h.Now()
 }
 

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/issue1275_whole_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	sdk "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
+)
+
+// Issue 1275, met a third time (2026-10-26 13:40, group fix/734-lost-ask): the operator approved mesh-sdk#92,
+// mesh-controller#472 and mesh-delivery#73; the first two merged, the forge answered #73's merge 405 "Please try again
+// later", and in the seconds between, group feat/890-placement merged mesh-delivery#72, so #73 then conflicted. A group is
+// merged only when every member merges now, and no other approved merge lands in a repository between its members.
+
+const (
+	wSDK, wCtl, wDel  = "novox/mesh-sdk", "novox/mesh-controller", "novox/mesh-delivery"
+	wH92, wH472, wH73 = "3203358c4cb5fa5bed223f7ce85577bbb70a346e", "ccc7ba334c82554d809b5b38d8eb0eb5f36be7be", "bf574172154a9f6ed7d4e790643e0dcab2a10a91"
+	wH72, wH73b       = "72727272727272727272727272727272727272aa", "b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0"
+	forgeLater        = "Gitea API /repos/novox/mesh-delivery/pulls/73/merge: 405 {\"message\":\"Please try again later\"}"
+	conflictWords     = "does not merge into main now"
+	headMovedWords    = "its head is now"
+)
+
+var lostAsk = []member{
+	{wSDK, 92, wH92, "go/buildstep/ask.go"},
+	{wCtl, 472, wH472, "internal/grants.go"},
+	{wDel, 73, wH73, "modules/mesh-delivery-checker/internal/check/lostask.go,modules/mesh-delivery-checker/go.mod"},
+}
+
+// forgePull says what the forge answers of a pull request: its head and whether it merges now.
+func forgePull(w *world, repository string, number int, head string, mergeable bool) {
+	w.forge.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.forge.mu.Unlock()
+	m := mergeable
+	w.forge.pulls[fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d", repository, number)] = ForgePull{Number: number, State: "open", Base: "main", HeadSHA: head, Mergeable: &m}
+}
+
+func TestAnApprovedGroupMergesNoMemberUnlessEveryMemberMergesNow(t *testing.T) {
+	approve := func(t *testing.T) *world {
+		w := approvedGroupOf(t, lostAsk...)
+		allGreenFor(w, lostAsk...)
+		for _, m := range lostAsk {
+			forgePull(w, m.repo, m.number, m.head, true)
+		}
+		return w
+	}
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		// before is the forge as the Approve lands; after, once the grace has passed (nil: as before).
+		before, after func(w *world)
+		// merged is how many members merge in the end; line what the urgent line says, when one stands.
+		merged int
+		line   string
+	}{
+		{name: "a member in conflict with its trunk: none merged, the group held and said urgent", merged: 0, line: conflictWords,
+			before: func(w *world) {
+				forgePull(w, wDel, 73, wH73, false)
+				w.forge.refuseRepo = map[string]error{wDel: errors.New(forgeLater)} // what the merge tool would answer
+			}},
+		{name: "the forge still weighing a member: none merged, then every member once it says yes", merged: 3,
+			before: func(w *world) { forgePull(w, wDel, 73, wH73, false) },
+			after:  func(w *world) { forgePull(w, wDel, 73, wH73, true) }},
+		{name: "a member's head moved after the Approve: none merged, said urgent", merged: 0, line: headMovedWords,
+			before: func(w *world) { forgePull(w, wDel, 73, wH73b, true) }},
+		{name: "every member merges now: all merged in one pass", merged: 3, before: func(*world) {}},
+	}
+	// The recovery of a group that ended half merged: its remaining member's new head, or the operator's word.
+	t.Run("a half-merged group is made whole by its remaining member's new head", halfMergedMadeWholeByANewHead)
+	t.Run("a member refused part way is asked again on the operator's word", refusedPartWayAskedAgainOnTheOperatorsWord)
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := approve(t)
+			c.before(w)
+			w.op.answer(w.op.open()[0], OptionApprove)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if c.after == nil && c.merged == 3 {
+				if len(w.forge.merges) != 3 {
+					t.Fatalf("merged %v, wanted all three", w.forge.merges)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("a member was merged while another does not merge now: %v", w.forge.merges)
+			}
+			if c.after != nil {
+				c.after(w)
+			}
+			w.later(forgeMergeGrace + time30s)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if len(w.forge.merges) != c.merged {
+				t.Fatalf("merged %v, wanted %d", w.forge.merges, c.merged)
+			}
+			lines := urgentLines(w)
+			if c.line == "" {
+				if len(lines) != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("a group merged whole still says %+v", lines)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if len(lines) != 1 || !strings.Contains(lines[0].Says, "feat/g") ||
+				!strings.Contains(lines[0].Says, IDOf(wDel, wH73)) || !strings.Contains(lines[0].Says, c.line) ||
+				!strings.Contains(lines[0].Says, "nothing is merged") {
+				t.Fatalf("the held group is not one urgent line naming the member and why: %+v", lines)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// handing are the pull requests the gate has handed the forge bridge and the bridge has not answered, in every merges key.
+func handing(w *world) []sdk.MergePull {
+	w.merges.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.merges.mu.Unlock()
+	var out []sdk.MergePull
+	for _, v := range w.merges.values {
+		for _, p := range v.Pulls {
+			if p.State == sdk.MergeMerging {
+				out = append(out, p)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].Repository < out[j].Repository })
+	return out
+}
+
+func handedWords(ps []sdk.MergePull) string {
+	var out []string
+	for _, p := range ps {
+		out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d", p.Repository, p.Number))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(out, " ")
+}
+
+// Two approved merges into one repository: the one whose pass started has the repository until every member merged, and
+// the other is handed only then (2026-10-26: mesh-delivery#72 of feat/890-placement merged between fix/734-lost-ask's
+// members). This holds while mesh/check gates no merge too (ADR 0551): it waits for a merge, never for a check.
+func TestTwoApprovedMergesIntoOneRepositoryDoNotInterleave(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, gates := range []bool{true, false} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("check-gates-merge %v", gates), func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := approvedGroupOf(t, lostAsk...)
+			if !gates {
+				ungated(w)
+			}
+			w.merges.manual = true
+			allGreenFor(w, lostAsk...)
+			w.op.answer(w.op.open()[0], OptionApprove)
+			w.settleAll()
+			if got := handedWords(handing(w)); got != "novox/mesh-sdk#92" {
+				t.Fatalf("handed %q, wanted the group's first member", got)
+			}
+			// feat/890-placement: a lone pull request into mesh-delivery, approved while the group's pass is under way.
+			w.h.PullUpdated(pr(wDel, 72, wH72, "feat/890-placement", "modules/mesh-delivery-checker/go.mod"))
+			w.h.Checked(judged(wDel, 72, wH72, "pass", gTrunk0))
+			setChecks(w, wDel, wH72, "success", "success")
+			w.settleAll()
+			if open := w.op.open(); len(open) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("the lone pull request is asked once: %v", open)
+			} else {
+				w.op.answer(open[0], OptionApprove)
+			}
+			w.settleAll()
+			var order []string
+			steps := []struct {
+				repo   string
+				number int
+				head   string
+			}{{wSDK, 92, wH92}, {wCtl, 472, wH472}, {wDel, 73, wH73}}
+			if !gates {
+				// While the check gates the merge, #72's verdict went out of date with #73's merge and it waits for its
+				// check against the new trunk; while it gates none, #72 is handed once the group's pass ended.
+				steps = append(steps, struct {
+					repo   string
+					number int
+					head   string
+				}{wDel, 72, wH72})
+			}
+			for _, next := range steps {
+				handed := handing(w)
+				if len(handed) != 1 || handed[0].Repository != next.repo || handed[0].Number != next.number {
+					t.Fatalf("after %v: handed %q, wanted only %s#%d", order, handedWords(handed), next.repo, next.number)
+				}
+				merge := strings.Repeat(string(rune('a'+next.number%20)), 40)
+				bridgeMerged(w, next.repo, next.number, next.head, merge)
+				w.h.PullMerged(merged(next.repo, next.number, next.head, merge))
+				w.settleAll()
+				order = append(order, fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d", next.repo, next.number))
+			}
+			if left := handing(w); len(left) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("still handed: %q", handedWords(left))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A group that ended half merged (its last member refused after the others merged) is made whole by its remaining member's
+// new head: rebased on its trunk, checked, composed with the merged members, asked once and merged, and the urgent line
+// is cleared (issue 1275, the recovery of 2026-10-26 13:40).
+func halfMergedMadeWholeByANewHead(t *testing.T) {
+	w := approvedGroupOf(t, lostAsk...)
+	allGreenFor(w, lostAsk...)
+	w.forge.refuseRepo = map[string]error{wDel: errors.New(forgeLater)}
+	w.op.answer(w.op.open()[0], OptionApprove)
+	w.settleAll()
+	if len(w.forge.merges) != 3 || len(urgentLines(w)) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("the case: two merged and the third refused, said urgent: %v %+v", w.forge.merges, urgentLines(w))
+	}
+	w.forge.refuseRepo = nil
+	// #73 rebased on its trunk: a new head, checked, composed with the members merged.
+	w.h.PullUpdated(pr(wDel, 73, wH73b, "feat/g", "modules/mesh-delivery-checker/go.mod"))
+	w.h.Checked(judged(wDel, 73, wH73b, "pass", gT1))
+	setChecks(w, wDel, wH73b, "success", "success")
+	w.settleAll()
+	open := w.op.open()
+	if len(open) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("the remaining member's new head is asked once: %v", open)
+	}
+	w.op.answer(open[0], OptionApprove)
+	w.settleAll()
+	if last := w.forge.merges[len(w.forge.merges)-1]; len(w.forge.merges) != 4 || !strings.Contains(last, "mesh-delivery#73@"+wH73b) {
+		t.Fatalf("the new head is not merged alone: %v", w.forge.merges)
+	}
+	if lines := urgentLines(w); len(lines) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("the group is whole and still said: %+v", lines)
+	}
+}
+
+// delivery_merge_again (issue 1275, the tools rule): a member refused after its siblings merged, with no new head and no
+// trunk move to ask it again, is asked again on the operator's word, at the head approved; a delivery neither refused nor
+// held is refused, naming why.
+func refusedPartWayAskedAgainOnTheOperatorsWord(t *testing.T) {
+	w := approvedGroupOf(t, lostAsk...)
+	allGreenFor(w, lostAsk...)
+	if _, err := w.h.MergeAgain(IDOf(wDel, wH73), "too early"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a delivery not approved is asked again")
+	}
+	w.forge.refuseRepo = map[string]error{wDel: errors.New(forgeLater)}
+	w.op.answer(w.op.open()[0], OptionApprove)
+	w.settleAll()
+	w.forge.refuseRepo = nil
+	w.settleAll()
+	if len(w.forge.merges) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("the case: the third member refused and not asked again by itself: %v", w.forge.merges)
+	}
+	if _, err := w.h.MergeAgain(IDOf(wDel, wH73), ""); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("asked again with no why")
+	}
+	if _, err := w.h.MergeAgain(IDOf(wDel, wH73), "the forge said try again later"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	w.settleAll()
+	if len(w.forge.merges) != 4 || len(urgentLines(w)) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("not merged on the operator's word: %v %+v", w.forge.merges, urgentLines(w))
+	}
+	if _, err := w.h.MergeAgain(IDOf(wDel, wH73), "again"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "merged already") {
+		t.Fatalf("a merged delivery is asked again: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// approveSecondGroup makes a second group of these members on branch, checked, composed together and approved; the world
+// already holds group feat/g.
+func approveSecondGroup(t *testing.T, w *world, branch string, ms ...member) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, m := range ms {
+		w.h.PullUpdated(pr(m.repo, m.number, m.head, branch, strings.Split(m.paths, ",")...))
+		w.h.Checked(judged(m.repo, m.number, m.head, "pass", gTrunk0))
+	}
+	allGreenFor(w, ms...)
+	w.settleAll()
+	g := w.h.groups[branch]
+	if g == nil || g.Check == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no composed check was asked for %s: %+v", branch, g)
+	}
+	c := CheckedEvent{Group: branch, ID: g.Check.Asked, Verdict: "pass", Summary: "composed"}
+	for _, m := range ms {
+		owner, repo, _ := strings.Cut(m.repo, "/")
+		c.Members = append(c.Members, struct {
+			Owner  string `json:"owner"`
+			Repo   string `json:"repo"`
+			Commit string `json:"commit"`
+			Trunk  string `json:"trunk,omitempty"`
+		}{Owner: owner, Repo: repo, Commit: m.head, Trunk: gTrunk0[:12]})
+	}
+	w.h.Checked(c)
+	w.settleAll()
+	for _, key := range w.op.open() {
+		if strings.Contains(key, strings.ReplaceAll(branch, "/", "_")) || strings.Contains(key, branch) {
+			w.op.answer(key, OptionApprove)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A group held half merged keeps its repositories until it is whole or declined: another group sharing one waits, and the
+// operator's word that asks the held group again never leaves the two waiting on each other (issue 1275, review round 1:
+// a2 waited for group B, b2 waited for group A, for ever). And the operator's word is refused while another pass it would
+// wait for is under way, naming it.
+func TestAHeldHalfMergedGroupKeepsItsRepositoriesAndNoTwoPassesWaitOnEachOther(t *testing.T) {
+	groupA := []member{lostAsk[0], lostAsk[2]} // mesh-sdk#92, then mesh-delivery#73
+	groupB := []member{lostAsk[1], {wDel, 72, wH72, "modules/mesh-delivery-checker/go.mod"}}
+	t.Run("half merged and held: the other group waits, and both merge once the held one is asked again", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := approvedGroupOf(t, groupA...)
+		allGreenFor(w, groupA...)
+		w.forge.refuseRepo = map[string]error{wDel: errors.New(forgeLater)}
+		w.op.answer(w.op.open()[0], OptionApprove)
+		w.settleAll()
+		if len(w.forge.merges) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("the case: mesh-sdk#92 merged, mesh-delivery#73 refused: %v", w.forge.merges)
+		}
+		approveSecondGroup(t, w, "feat/890-placement", groupB...)
+		w.settleAll()
+		if len(w.forge.merges) != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("group feat/890-placement merged while feat/g is half merged into a repository both go into: %v", w.forge.merges)
+		}
+		w.forge.refuseRepo = nil
+		if _, err := w.h.MergeAgain(IDOf(wDel, wH73), "the forge said try again later"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		w.settleAll()
+		want := []string{"mesh-sdk#92", "mesh-delivery#73", "mesh-delivery#73", "mesh-controller#472", "mesh-delivery#72"}
+		if len(w.forge.merges) != len(want) {
+			t.Fatalf("merged %v, wanted %v: the held group first, then the other", w.forge.merges, want)
+		}
+		for i, m := range want {
+			if !strings.Contains(w.forge.merges[i], m+"@") {
+				t.Fatalf("merged %v, wanted %v in that order", w.forge.merges, want)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("the operator's word is refused while another pass it would wait for is under way", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := approvedGroupOf(t, groupA...)
+		allGreenFor(w, groupA...)
+		w.forge.refuseRepo = map[string]error{wSDK: errors.New(forgeLater)} // refused first: nothing of feat/g merged
+		w.op.answer(w.op.open()[0], OptionApprove)
+		w.settleAll()
+		w.merges.manual = true
+		approveSecondGroup(t, w, "feat/890-placement", groupB...)
+		w.settleAll()
+		if got := handedWords(handing(w)); got != "novox/mesh-controller#472" {
+			t.Fatalf("the other group's pass did not start: handed %q", got)
+		}
+		_, err := w.h.MergeAgain(IDOf(wSDK, wH92), "asked again")
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "feat/890-placement") {
+			t.Fatalf("asked again while a pass it waits for is under way: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/keeps.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/announce"
 // issue 1790): the module says it itself, from its code, before it serves, and a reader is granted what it said
 // (clause 3). A state is readable when another module's manifest reads it (keeps_test.go names the readers). keeps_test.go holds the list to the
 // manifest's `state`, and keeps_integration_test.go that the module announces it on a bus.
-var Kept = []announce.State{{Name: "asks", Readable: true}, {Name: "conditions"}, {Name: "deliveries"}, {Name: "groups"}, {Name: "merges", Readable: true}, {Name: "owed", Readable: true}, {Name: "pulls", Readable: true}, {Name: "source", Readable: true}}
+var Kept = []announce.State{{Name: "asks", Readable: true}, {Name: "conditions"}, {Name: "deliveries"}, {Name: "groups"}, {Name: "merges", Readable: true}, {Name: "owed", Readable: true}, {Name: "pulls", Readable: true}, {Name: "source", Readable: true}, {Name: "turns", Readable: true}}
 
 // announceKept says Kept through keeps, which is stdio.Keeps.
 func announceKept(keeps func(...announce.State) error) error { return keeps(Kept...) }

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/keeps_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ var readers = map[string][]string{
 	"pulls":  {"build-agent"}, // in mesh-controller
 	"owed":   {"mesh-delivery-forge-bridge"},
 	"source": {"mesh-delivery-indexer", "mesh-delivery-checker"},
+	// ADR 0548 §3, §4: the checker reads the merge turns and claims no check of a repository one names; the gate alone writes
+	// them (a state is written by its owner's account alone, ADR 0495 §3: announcing it readable grants a read, never a write).
+	"turns": {"mesh-delivery-checker"},
 }
 
 // 1790/S: the states the module announces are the states its manifest declares, no more, no fewer, and the readable

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/main.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (l *listening) get() string  { l.mu.Lock(); defer l.mu.Unlock(); return l.n
 // The events this owner follows: the forge's pull requests. The forge's status events say that a check answered (events.go).
 var followed = []string{"gitea.pull.updated", "gitea.pull.merged", "gitea.pull.closed",
 	"gitea.forge.status", "gitea.forge.pull-request.edited", "gitea.forge.pull-request.closed",
-	forgePattern, ConfigChangedEvent}
+	forgePattern, ConfigChangedEvent, writableEvent}
 
 // forgePattern is the forge bridge's messages on FORGE (novox/hq ADR 0437 §8): the gate follows a merge and the refusal of one.
 const forgePattern = "mesh-delivery-forge-bridge.forge.**"
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ func main() {
 		Operator: kvOperator{},
 		Merges:   kvMerges{},
 		Source:   kvSource{},
+		Turns:    kvTurns{},
 		Owed:     kvOwed{},
 		Pulls:    kvPulls{},
 		// The gate says what stalled to the operator itself (issue 1275, ADR 0437 §9).
@@ -218,6 +219,10 @@ func take(h *Holder, e stdio.Envelope) error {
 		}
 		h.CommitStatus(s)
 		h.KeepCheckVerdict(s)
+	case writableEvent:
+		if err := h.WriteGranted(e.Body); err != nil {
+			h.Refuse(err)
+		}
 	case ConfigChangedEvent:
 		var c ConfigChange
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(e.Body, &c); err != nil {
@@ -357,6 +362,38 @@ func tools(h *Holder, l *listening) []stdio.Tool {
 				}
 				return h.Close(strArg(a, "id"), strArg(a, "why"))
 			}},
+		{Name: "delivery_turns",
+			Description: "Every merge turn (novox/hq ADR 0548 §3): per repository, the approved merges that wait to merge into it in the order of " +
+				"their Approve, the check of another delivery each waits for and since when, whether the gate wrote the turn to its bucket " +
+				"turns yet (the checker claims no check of a repository a turn names), and the bound past which a held merge is a stalled " +
+				"line. Read-only.",
+			Run: func(map[string]any) (any, error) { return h.TurnsRead(), nil }},
+		{Name: "delivery_hand_now",
+			Description: "On the operator's word, hand an approved merge held for another delivery's running check to the merge at once " +
+				"(novox/hq ADR 0548 §4): the check it waited for runs on and is carried to the new trunk after the merge. Refused for a " +
+				"delivery that is not an approved merge held by a check, naming why. The why is kept on the delivery.",
+			Input: map[string]any{"type": "object", "properties": map[string]any{"id": str("the delivery's id (owner/repository@commit)"),
+				"why": str("the operator's word, kept on the delivery")}, "required": []string{"id", "why"}},
+			Run: func(a map[string]any) (any, error) {
+				if err := need(a, "id", "why"); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				return h.HandNow(strArg(a, "id"), strArg(a, "why"))
+			}},
+		{Name: "delivery_merge_again",
+			Description: "On the operator's word, ask again at once the merge of an approved delivery the forge refused, or of an approved " +
+				"group held or half merged, at the heads the Approve named (novox/hq issue 1275): every member is read first and " +
+				"nothing merges unless every member merges now. For a refusal that was the forge's \"try again later\", a conflict " +
+				"cleared on the trunk, or a refusal the gate stopped asking after it repeated. A member whose head moved is asked by its " +
+				"new head, never by this. Refused, naming why, for a delivery that is not an approved merge waiting after a refusal or a hold.",
+			Input: map[string]any{"type": "object", "properties": map[string]any{"id": str("the delivery's id (owner/repository@commit), any member of the group"),
+				"why": str("the operator's word, kept in the log")}, "required": []string{"id", "why"}},
+			Run: func(a map[string]any) (any, error) {
+				if err := need(a, "id", "why"); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				return h.MergeAgain(strArg(a, "id"), strArg(a, "why"))
+			}},
 		{Name: "delivery_status",
 			Description: "Whether this owner works: how many deliveries in each state, the groups, what is owed to " +
 				"the forge and the bus and not yet done, how many owed effects were tried since it started (done, failed " +

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/manifest_test.go

@@ -91,9 +91,10 @@ func TestItClaimsTheDeliverySeatAndFollowsWhatItHandles(t *testing.T) {
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(m.Emits, []string{"transition", "group", "merged"}) {
 		t.Fatalf("emits %v", m.Emits)
 	}
-	// Eight buckets, and no `asked` (the teller asks, ADR 0437 §6): ADR 0450 §3, and the conditions it raised (issue 1275).
+	// Nine buckets, and no `asked` (the teller asks, ADR 0437 §6): ADR 0450 §3, the conditions it raised (issue 1275) and the
+	// merge turns (ADR 0548 §3).
 	buckets := m.buckets()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(buckets, []string{"deliveries", "groups", "pulls", "asks", "merges", "owed", "source", "conditions"}) {
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(buckets, []string{"deliveries", "groups", "pulls", "asks", "merges", "owed", "source", "conditions", "turns"}) {
 		t.Fatalf("state %v", buckets)
 	}
 	// What it reads: the teller's answers and the checker's verdicts (issue 1302). The carry from today's module's buckets, the

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/onestatus.go

@@ -72,8 +72,12 @@ func (h *Holder) CheckerVerdictChanged(key string, value []byte) {
 	if i := strings.LastIndex(key, "."); i >= 0 {
 		hash = key[i+1:]
 	}
+	if h.runningSince == nil {
+		h.runningSince = map[string]time.Time{}
+	}
 	if len(value) == 0 || string(value) == "null" {
 		delete(h.checker, hash)
+		delete(h.runningSince, hash)
 		h.Poke()
 		return
 	}
@@ -85,6 +89,11 @@ func (h *Holder) CheckerVerdictChanged(key string, value []byte) {
 	if v.Heads == "" {
 		v.Heads = hash
 	}
+	if prev, ok := h.checker[v.Heads]; v.State == checkerRunning && (!ok || prev.State != checkerRunning) {
+		h.runningSince[v.Heads] = h.Now() // a check starts: a merge it holds says since when (ADR 0548 §2)
+	} else if v.State != checkerRunning {
+		delete(h.runningSince, v.Heads)
+	}
 	h.checker[v.Heads] = v
 	h.Poke()
 }

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/onestatus_test.go

@@ -199,14 +199,3 @@ func TestAClosedPullRequestAsksNoForgetChecks(t *testing.T) {
 	w.h.PullUpdated(p)
 	w.h.PullClosed(p)
 }
-
-// 1302: the mesh/check line gives the head and the trunk it judged.
-func TestTheCheckLineGivesHeadAndTrunk(t *testing.T) {
-	head, trunk := checkLine("pass " + oneHead[:12] + " on " + oneTrunk[:12] + " | unit 4 run, 0 kept | group g of 2 pull requests")
-	if head != oneHead[:12] || trunk != oneTrunk[:12] {
-		t.Fatalf("head %q trunk %q", head, trunk)
-	}
-	if head, trunk = checkLine("failed: a test"); head != "" || trunk != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("a line that names no commits gave %q %q", head, trunk)
-	}
-}

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/ports.go

@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ type ForgePull struct {
 	// MergedAt is when it merged, as the forge says it (RFC 3339); empty when not merged or not said.
 	MergedAt string `json:"merged_at,omitempty"`
 	HTMLURL  string `json:"html_url,omitempty"`
+	// Mergeable is the forge's own word on whether it merges into its base now (gitea's mergeable): false while it is in
+	// conflict with its base, or while the forge works that out after the base moved; nil when the forge did not say.
+	Mergeable *bool `json:"mergeable,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ForgeStatus is one status of a commit, the newest of its context.
@@ -73,6 +76,10 @@ type ForgeMerge struct {
 	} `json:"blocking"`
 	Mergeable *bool  `json:"mergeable"`
 	Says      string `json:"says"`
+	// Writes is whether the forge's merging account may write the repository at all (issue 1945): false, its statuses and
+	// its merge are refused, and CannotWrite says so with the tool that grants it. Nil when the forge holder did not say.
+	Writes      *bool  `json:"writes,omitempty"`
+	CannotWrite string `json:"cannot_write,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Store keeps deliveries and groups: one key each, in the module's own state (ADR 0201).

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/ready.go

@@ -121,6 +121,18 @@ type ReadyRun struct {
 	Declined *time.Time `json:"declined,omitempty"`
 	Warrant  string     `json:"warrant,omitempty"`
 	Refused  string     `json:"refused,omitempty"`
+
+	// One check per delivery (novox/hq ADR 0548 §2, §4, turns.go): HeldSince is when the approved merge began to wait for the
+	// check of other heads HeldFor names (its verdict key), running on a repository it goes into; HandNow the operator's word
+	// that handed it at once past that check.
+	HeldSince *time.Time `json:"held_since,omitempty"`
+	HeldFor   string     `json:"held_for,omitempty"`
+	HandNow   string     `json:"hand_now,omitempty"`
+
+	// CannotWrite is why the operator is not asked: the forge's merging account cannot write a repository the ask covers
+	// (writes.go, issue 1945); CannotWriteSince since when. Said at once as a condition.
+	CannotWrite      string     `json:"cannot_write,omitempty"`
+	CannotWriteSince *time.Time `json:"cannot_write_since,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // MergeBranch is the one branch this owner merges into (novox/hq ADR 0398 §4): a merge into any other is its author's.
@@ -244,6 +256,12 @@ func (h *Holder) readyAsks(now time.Time) []func() {
 		if waits == "" {
 			waits, approvalAsk = h.approval(d, now)
 		}
+		if waits == "" && gates {
+			waits = h.turnWaits(d, now) // nothing merges into a repository while a check of other heads judges it (ADR 0548 §2)
+		}
+		if waits == "" {
+			waits = h.passWaits(d) // no merge lands in a repository between another approved group's members (issue 1275)
+		}
 		if waits != r.Waits {
 			r.Waits = waits
 			h.keep(d)
@@ -267,6 +285,7 @@ func (h *Holder) readyAsks(now time.Time) []func() {
 			asks = append(asks, a)
 		}
 	}
+	asks = append(asks, h.turnWrites()...) // the merge turns, after the holds of this look (ADR 0548 §3)
 	asks = append(asks, h.settleMerges()...)
 	asks = append(asks, h.settleForgeMerges()...)
 	asks = append(asks, h.withdrawnKeys()...)
@@ -376,6 +395,9 @@ func (h *Holder) readyWaits(d *Delivery) string {
 	case d.State == Proposed && d.outOfDate() != "" && d.AskedAgain != nil:
 		return "its check against the trunk's head is asked and has not answered"
 	case d.State == Proposed && d.outOfDate() != "" && d.Check.Passes() && h.covering(d) != nil:
+		// Approved, and its trunk moved: the checker carries its verdict to the trunk's head by its package digests (ADR 0548
+		// §5, §8). The Approve stands and is not asked again; the merge waits for the carried verdict, not a fresh check.
+		return "approved; its verdict is being carried to the trunk's head " + shortOf(d.TrunkNow, 12) + " (" + d.outOfDate() + ")"
 	case d.State == Proposed && d.outOfDate() != "":
 		return "its verdict is out of date: its check against the trunk's head is asked before the operator is"
 	case d.State == Proposed && d.AskedAgain != nil:
@@ -503,6 +525,12 @@ func (h *Holder) readyLines(now time.Time) []StalledLine {
 			out = append(out, StalledLine{ID: d.ID, Number: d.Number, State: d.State, For: now.Sub(r.Seen).Round(time.Second).String(),
 				Bound: headHeardBound.String(), H2: "none: a later announcement of the pull request's head (the merge tool announces it again, the forge's announcer restarts, or a new push) or an edit of its description; a recheck does not fill it — the operator's",
 				Says: fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d passed its checks at %s and waits for %s", d.Repository, d.Number, shortOf(r.Head, 12), waitsForHead)})
+		case r.CannotWrite != "" && r.Approved == nil && r.CannotWriteSince != nil:
+			out = append(out, StalledLine{ID: d.ID, Number: d.Number, State: d.State,
+				For: now.Sub(*r.CannotWriteSince).Round(time.Second).String(), Bound: "0s",
+				H2: "none: the forge account given write on the repository (gitea_grant_write; the gitea module grants it itself once a module of it is registered), which asks the operator then",
+				Says: fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d passed its checks at %s and the operator is not asked for its Approve: %s",
+					d.Repository, d.Number, shortOf(r.Head, 12), r.CannotWrite)})
 		case r.Failed != "" && d.State == Rejected:
 			// Its cure is its author's new head: listed here at once (`show`), told on the pull request at once, and the
 			// operator's only once no new head came within the author's bound (novox/hq ADR 0505 §5).

modules/mesh-delivery-gate/cmd/mesh-delivery-gate/turns.go

@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	stdio "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go"
+	sdk "git.novox.be/novox/mesh-sdk/go/delivery"
+)
+
+// **One check per delivery** (novox/hq ADR 0548 §2 to §4, issue 568). While a check runs, nothing merges into a repository it
+// judges, and an approved merge holds a turn on its repositories so no new check starts there:
+//
+//   - the hold (§2): an approved merge is handed to the forge bridge only when no verdict of the checker's verdicts bucket in
+//     the state running names, among its trunk heads, a repository the merge goes into; the verdict of the merge's own heads
+//     excepted. The gate watches that bucket already (onestatus.go), so the verdict leaving running gives the waiting merge its
+//     turn at once, with no timer. Siblings a check reads beside are not held (§2). Only while mesh/check gates the merge;
+//   - the turn (§3): before it reads the verdicts for a merge, the gate writes one key per repository the merge goes into in its
+//     bucket turns (`<owner>.<name>`, sdk.TurnsKey): the deliveries that wait there in the order of their Approve, the check
+//     each waits for and since when; for a group on every member's repository until its last member merged. The checker reads
+//     the bucket and claims no check of a repository a turn names. The key goes when the last delivery in it merged or left;
+//   - the bound and the tools (§4): a merge held past turnBound is a stalled line; delivery_turns reads every turn and
+//     delivery_hand_now hands a waiting merge at once on the operator's word, the check it waited for then carried.
+
+// turnBound is how long an approved merge may wait for another delivery's check before it is a stalled line (ADR 0548 §4).
+const turnBound = 30 * time.Minute
+
+// TurnStore is the gate's bucket turns: one key per repository, written by the gate alone.
+type TurnStore interface {
+	// All reads every turn, by repository (lowercase).
+	All() (map[string]sdk.Turn, error)
+	Put(t sdk.Turn) error
+	Delete(repository string) error
+}
+
+// kvTurns is the bucket turns over the runtime.
+type kvTurns struct{}
+
+func (kvTurns) All() (map[string]sdk.Turn, error) {
+	keys, err := stdio.State("turns").Keys()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := map[string]sdk.Turn{}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		e, err := stdio.State("turns").Get(k)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if e == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		repository, err := sdk.ParseTurnsKey(k)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue // not a turn's key: never the gate's, left
+		}
+		t, err := sdk.DecodeTurn(e.Value)
+		if err != nil {
+			t = sdk.Turn{Repository: repository} // unreadable: rewritten or deleted at the next look
+		}
+		out[repository] = t
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (kvTurns) Put(t sdk.Turn) error {
+	key, err := sdk.TurnsKey(t.Repository)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	raw, err := sdk.EncodeTurn(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = stdio.State("turns").Put(key, json.RawMessage(raw))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (kvTurns) Delete(repository string) error {
+	key, err := sdk.TurnsKey(repository)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return stdio.State("turns").Delete(key)
+}
+
+// approvedMerge is an approved merge not yet done: the run holding its Approve, the deliveries it covers, the hash of their
+// heads as the checker keys their verdict (lowercase, onestatus.go headsOf), and the repositories it goes into (lowercase).
+type approvedMerge struct {
+	owner *Delivery
+	run   *ReadyRun
+	group string
+	heads string
+	repos []string
+}
+
+// approvedMerges are the merges the operator approved that are not done, in the order of their Approve: each ask once, its
+// run on the delivery that asked it. A declined, refused, merged, rejected or final one has left. Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) approvedMerges() []approvedMerge {
+	var out []approvedMerge
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(h.deliveries))
+	for id := range h.deliveries {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(ids) // the same owner of an ask at every look, whichever member's run holds it
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		d := h.deliveries[id]
+		r := d.Ready
+		if r == nil || r.Approved == nil || r.Declined != nil || r.AskID == "" || len(r.Heads) == 0 || seen[r.AskID] ||
+			d.State.Final() || d.State == Rejected || d.Base != MergeBranch || r.RefusedSince != nil || h.allMerged(r.Heads) {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[r.AskID] = true
+		var heads []sdk.Head
+		repos := map[string]bool{}
+		for id, sha := range r.Heads {
+			m := h.deliveries[id]
+			if m == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			heads = append(heads, sdk.Head{Repository: strings.ToLower(m.Repository), Number: m.Number, Head: strings.ToLower(sha)})
+			repos[strings.ToLower(m.Repository)] = true
+		}
+		hash, err := sdk.HeadsHash(heads)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		am := approvedMerge{owner: d, run: r, group: askGroup(d), heads: hash}
+		for repo := range repos {
+			am.repos = append(am.repos, repo)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(am.repos)
+		out = append(out, am)
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if !out[i].run.Approved.Equal(*out[j].run.Approved) {
+			return out[i].run.Approved.Before(*out[j].run.Approved)
+		}
+		return out[i].heads < out[j].heads
+	})
+	return out
+}
+
+// mergeOfDelivery is the approved merge covering d, if one is approved.
+func (h *Holder) mergeOfDelivery(d *Delivery) (approvedMerge, bool) {
+	c := h.covering(d)
+	if c == nil || c.Approved == nil {
+		return approvedMerge{}, false
+	}
+	for _, am := range h.approvedMerges() {
+		// By the ask, not the run: a group's members may each hold a run of the same ask, and the merge is the ask's.
+		if am.run.AskID == c.AskID {
+			return am, true
+		}
+	}
+	return approvedMerge{}, false
+}
+
+// runningCheck is a check of the checker in the state running that names repo among its trunk heads, its heads not own: its
+// verdict key and since when the gate has seen it run. False when none runs there. Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) runningCheck(repo, own string) (key string, v checkerVerdict, since time.Time, ok bool) {
+	hashes := make([]string, 0, len(h.checker))
+	for hash := range h.checker {
+		hashes = append(hashes, hash)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(hashes)
+	for _, hash := range hashes {
+		v := h.checker[hash]
+		if v.State != checkerRunning || v.Heads == own {
+			continue
+		}
+		for r := range v.Trunk {
+			if strings.EqualFold(r, repo) {
+				key, err := sdk.CheckerVerdictKey(v.Group, v.Heads)
+				if err != nil {
+					key = v.Group + "." + v.Heads
+				}
+				return key, v, h.runningSince[v.Heads], true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", checkerVerdict{}, time.Time{}, false
+}
+
+// turnWaits is what an approved merge waits for before it is handed (ADR 0548 §2, §3): its turns written, then the end of
+// every check of other heads running on a repository it goes into. Empty when it may be handed. It keeps on the run since
+// when it is held and for which check, for the stalled line and the tools. Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) turnWaits(d *Delivery, now time.Time) string {
+	am, ok := h.mergeOfDelivery(d)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	r := am.run
+	if h.Turns != nil {
+		if !h.turnsLoaded {
+			return "approved; its merge turn waits for the turns the gate wrote before to be read"
+		}
+		for _, repo := range am.repos {
+			if !turnNames(h.turnsHeld[repo], am.heads) {
+				return "approved; its merge turn on " + repo + " is being written, so no check starts there before it merges"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if r.HandNow != "" {
+		if r.HeldSince != nil {
+			r.HeldSince, r.HeldFor = nil, ""
+			h.keep(am.owner)
+		}
+		return "" // handed now on the operator's word: the check it waited for is carried after the merge
+	}
+	for _, repo := range am.repos {
+		key, v, since, running := h.runningCheck(repo, am.heads)
+		if !running {
+			continue
+		}
+		if r.HeldSince == nil || r.HeldFor != key {
+			at := now
+			r.HeldSince, r.HeldFor = &at, key
+			h.keep(am.owner)
+			h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] %s is approved and held: the check %s runs on %s, and nothing merges there while it does (ADR 0548 §2)", am.owner.ID, key, repo)
+		}
+		words := fmt.Sprintf("approved; waits for the check of %s (heads %s) on %s", v.Group, v.Heads, repo)
+		if !since.IsZero() {
+			words += ", running since " + since.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		}
+		return words + " (novox/hq ADR 0548 §2)"
+	}
+	if r.HeldSince != nil {
+		r.HeldSince, r.HeldFor = nil, ""
+		h.keep(am.owner)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// turnNames says whether a turn names the heads.
+func turnNames(t sdk.Turn, heads string) bool {
+	for _, w := range t.Waiting {
+		if w.Heads == heads {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// wantedTurns are the turns the approved merges hold now, by repository: each merge on every repository it goes into, in
+// the order of their Approve, with the check of other heads it waits for there. Under the lock.
+func (h *Holder) wantedTurns() map[string]sdk.Turn {
+	out := map[string]sdk.Turn{}
+	for _, am := range h.approvedMerges() {
+		for _, repo := range am.repos {
+			t := out[repo]
+			t.Repository = repo
+			w := sdk.TurnWait{Group: am.group, Heads: am.heads, Ask: am.run.AskID, Approved: am.run.Approved.UTC(), Since: am.run.Approved.UTC()}
+			if key, _, since, ok := h.runningCheck(repo, am.heads); ok {
+				w.WaitsFor = key
+				if !since.IsZero() {
+					w.WaitsSince = since.UTC()
+				}
+			}
+			t.Waiting = append(t.Waiting, w)
+			out[repo] = t
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// turnWrites are the writes that bring the bucket turns to what the approved merges hold: a turn written where it changed,
+// a key deleted where its last delivery merged or left. The first look reads what a gate before this one wrote. Under the
+// lock; the writes run outside it, and each that lands is kept and asks for a look.
+func (h *Holder) turnWrites() []func() {
+	if h.Turns == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !h.turnsLoaded {
+		return []func(){func() {
+			held, err := h.Turns.All()
+			h.mu.Lock()
+			defer h.mu.Unlock()
+			if err != nil {
+				h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] the merge turns written before cannot be read, so no merge is handed yet: %v; asked again in %s", err, askAgainAfter)
+				h.again("the merge turns written before, read")
+				return
+			}
+			h.turnsHeld, h.turnsLoaded = held, true
+			h.Poke()
+		}}
+	}
+	want := map[string]sdk.Turn{}
+	if h.checkGates() {
+		want = h.wantedTurns() // while the check gates no merge, no merge waits for one, and no turn holds a check
+	}
+	var out []func()
+	repos := make([]string, 0, len(want)+len(h.turnsHeld))
+	for repo := range want {
+		repos = append(repos, repo)
+	}
+	for repo := range h.turnsHeld {
+		if _, ok := want[repo]; !ok {
+			repos = append(repos, repo)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(repos)
+	for _, repo := range repos {
+		t, wanted := want[repo]
+		held, had := h.turnsHeld[repo]
+		switch {
+		case wanted && had && sameTurnValue(held, t):
+		case wanted:
+			out = append(out, func() {
+				err := h.Turns.Put(t)
+				h.mu.Lock()
+				defer h.mu.Unlock()
+				if err != nil {
+					h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] the merge turn on %s cannot be written: %v; asked again in %s", repo, err, askAgainAfter)
+					h.again("a merge turn, written")
+					return
+				}
+				h.turnsHeld[repo] = t
+				h.Poke()
+			})
+		default:
+			out = append(out, func() {
+				err := h.Turns.Delete(repo)
+				h.mu.Lock()
+				defer h.mu.Unlock()
+				if err != nil {
+					h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] the merge turn on %s cannot be deleted: %v; asked again in %s", repo, err, askAgainAfter)
+					h.again("a merge turn, deleted")
+					return
+				}
+				delete(h.turnsHeld, repo)
+				h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] the merge turn on %s is deleted: no approved merge waits on it, so the checker may start a check there", repo)
+				h.Poke()
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// sameTurnValue says whether two turns hold the same value, the version aside.
+func sameTurnValue(a, b sdk.Turn) bool {
+	a.V, b.V = 0, 0
+	return sdk.SameTurn(a, b)
+}
+
+// turnLines are the stalled lines of approved merges held past turnBound by another delivery's check (ADR 0548 §4). Under the
+// lock.
+func (h *Holder) turnLines(now time.Time) []StalledLine {
+	var out []StalledLine
+	for _, d := range h.deliveries {
+		r := d.Ready
+		if r == nil || r.HeldSince == nil || r.Merged != nil || d.MergedAs != "" || d.State.Final() || now.Sub(*r.HeldSince) < turnBound {
+			continue
+		}
+		words := r.Waits
+		if words == "" {
+			words = "approved; waits for the check " + r.HeldFor
+		}
+		out = append(out, StalledLine{ID: d.ID, Number: d.Number, State: d.State, For: now.Sub(*r.HeldSince).Round(time.Second).String(),
+			Bound: turnBound.String(),
+			H2:    "none: the check it waits for ends, or the operator hands the merge now with delivery_hand_now — the operator's",
+			Says: fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d at %s is %s, held since %s; the step that check is at is read with the checker's checker_status",
+				d.Repository, d.Number, shortOf(r.Head, 12), words, r.HeldSince.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339))})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TurnLine is one repository's turn as delivery_turns reads it: the turn as the gate holds it and, for each delivery waiting,
+// the check it waits for in words.
+type TurnLine struct {
+	Repository string         `json:"repository"`
+	Turn       sdk.Turn       `json:"turn"`
+	Waits      map[string]any `json:"waits,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// TurnsRead is the tool delivery_turns: every turn the gate holds, with the check each waiting delivery waits for, since when,
+// and whether the merge was handed now on the operator's word.
+func (h *Holder) TurnsRead() map[string]any {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	want := h.wantedTurns()
+	repos := make([]string, 0, len(want))
+	for repo := range want {
+		repos = append(repos, repo)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(repos)
+	lines := []TurnLine{}
+	for _, repo := range repos {
+		l := TurnLine{Repository: repo, Turn: want[repo], Waits: map[string]any{}}
+		for _, w := range want[repo].Waiting {
+			says := "nothing: no check of other heads runs on " + repo
+			if w.WaitsFor != "" {
+				says = "the check " + w.WaitsFor
+				if !w.WaitsSince.IsZero() {
+					says += ", running since " + w.WaitsSince.Format(time.RFC3339)
+				}
+			}
+			l.Waits[w.Group] = says
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, l)
+	}
+	out := map[string]any{"turns": lines, "check-gates-merge": h.checkGates(), "bound": turnBound.String()}
+	if h.Turns != nil {
+		out["written"] = h.turnsLoaded
+		var unwritten []string
+		for _, repo := range repos {
+			if held, ok := h.turnsHeld[repo]; !ok || !sameTurnValue(held, want[repo]) {
+				unwritten = append(unwritten, repo)
+			}
+		}
+		for repo := range h.turnsHeld {
+			if _, ok := want[repo]; !ok {
+				unwritten = append(unwritten, repo+" (to delete)")
+			}
+		}
+		sort.Strings(unwritten)
+		if len(unwritten) > 0 {
+			out["not-yet-written"] = unwritten
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// HandNow is the tool delivery_hand_now (ADR 0548 §4): on the operator's word an approved merge held for another delivery's
+// check is handed at once; that check runs on and is carried to the new trunk after the merge. Refused for a delivery that is
+// not an approved merge waiting, naming why.
+func (h *Holder) HandNow(id, why string) (string, error) {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	d := h.deliveries[id]
+	if d == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no delivery %q", id)
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(why) == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("say why: the hand is the operator's word, kept on the delivery")
+	}
+	am, ok := h.mergeOfDelivery(d)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s is not an approved merge waiting: nothing to hand (its state is %s)", id, d.State)
+	}
+	if am.run.HeldSince == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s waits for no check of another delivery: %s", id, firstOf(am.run.Waits, "it is handed at its turn"))
+	}
+	am.run.HandNow = why
+	h.keep(am.owner)
+	h.mergeAgainNow(d)
+	h.Logf("[mesh-delivery] %s is handed now on the operator's word, past the check %s it waited for, which is carried after the merge: %s",
+		id, am.run.HeldFor, why)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s is handed to the merge at the next look; the check %s it waited for runs on and is carried to the new trunk", id, am.run.HeldFor), nil
+}